Rift zone: Difference between revisions

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==Structure==
The infill of magmas in the form of dykes helps to define the shape of a volcano. A higher frequency of intrusive events along rift zones leads to elongated topographies of the affected edifices.<ref name=":4" /> Mathematical models show how the presence of rift zones contributes to a central horizontal bulge or ridge parallel to the orientation of the rifts.<ref name=":2" /> This same modelling shows how this central bulge is dependent on the ratio between rift zone length and depth of the magma sources, with longer fissures over shallower sources being more positively associated with very elongated topographies of the associated flanks.<ref name=":2" />
Occasionally, fissure eruptions associated with rift zones can actually evolve into new vents along the volcanic edifice, generating lava flows lasting for months or longer.<ref name=":0" /> These lava flows add surface materials to the slopes of the volcano, extending the slopes outward in a general flattening of the morphology of the flank.<ref name=":4" /> The extensional character of these events can contribute to flank instability and [[mass wasting]] events where whole sections of the volcanic edifice can collapse along rift zone boundaries.<ref name=":3" /> These mass wasting events can affect the dyke formations and orientations as the mass of the edifice shifts, which can have profound impacts on the structural development of the edifice,<ref name=":3" /> while also potentially creating many [[volcanic hazardshazard]]s, such as tsunamis and dramatic shifts in directions of lava flows, to unsuspecting communities.
Volcanologist [[George P.L. Walker]] stated that rift zones were common in most volcanoes around the world, regardless of their type and formation.<ref name=":1" /> Walker put forward the idea that, absent any obvious signs of rifting on the surface, the presence of other volcanic features that are also associated with dyke intrusions (such as elongated cinder cones and linearly-aligned fissure vents) should also be taken to represent the presence of a rift zone-like processes in the given region.<ref name=":1" /> Therefore, rift zones of various lengths and widths can be tentatively identified on many [[stratovolcano]]es and [[Monogenetic volcanic field|monogenetic lava field]]s in addition to classic Hawaiian [[shield volcano]]es.