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Rhwentworth (talk | contribs) Unfortunately, it's sometimes important to be clear that LW radiation is NOT necessarily "heat"; heat flow is technically the difference of upward and downward LW fluxes. So, altered language to be more technically correct. Tag: Reverted |
Undid revision 1217683587 by Rhwentworth (talk) Please take this to the talk page. The proposed edit introduces too much jargon for this early in the article. |
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[[File:Greenhouse effect with energy flows shown by altitude.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Energy flows down from the sun and up from the Earth and its atmosphere. When greenhouse gases intercept radiation emitted by Earth's surface, they prevent that radiation from escaping into space, causing surface temperatures to rise by about {{Convert|33|C-change}}.]]
The '''greenhouse effect''' occurs when [[greenhouse gas]]es in a planet's atmosphere insulate the planet from losing heat to space, raising its surface temperature. Surface heating can happen from an internal heat source as in the case of [[Jupiter]], or from its host star as in the case of the [[Earth]]. In the case of Earth, the Sun emits [[shortwave radiation]] (sunlight) that passes through greenhouse gases to heat the Earth's surface. In response, the Earth's surface emits [[outgoing longwave radiation|longwave radiation]] (
The Earth's average surface temperature would be about {{Convert|−18|C|F|sigfig=1}} without the greenhouse effect,<ref>{{cite web |title=Solar Radiation and the Earth's Energy Balance |url=http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/radiation/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041104033042/http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/radiation/ |archive-date=4 November 2004 |access-date=15 October 2010 |work=The Climate System – EESC 2100 Spring 2007 |publisher=Columbia University}}</ref><ref name="IPCC4_ch012">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |vauthors=Le Treut H, Somerville R, Cubasch U, Ding Y, [[Cecilie Mauritzen|Mauritzen C]], Mokssit A, Peterson T, Prather M |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2007 |veditors=Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL |location=Cambridge, UK and New York, NY |page=97 |chapter=Historical Overview of Climate Change Science |access-date=25 March 2014 |chapter-url=http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126204443/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf |archive-date=26 November 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> compared to Earth's 20th century average of about {{Convert|14|C|F}}, or a more recent average of about {{Convert|15|C|F}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Elusive Absolute Surface Air Temperature (SAT) |url=http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/abs_temp.html |website=[[Goddard Institute for Space Studies]] |publisher=[[National Aeronautics and Space Administration|NOAA]] |access-date=3 September 2008 |archive-date=5 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905093320/http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/abs_temp.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="clchgtrack">{{cite web |title=Yearly average temperature |url=https://climatechangetracker.org/global-warming/yearly-average-temperature |website=Climate Change Tracker}}</ref> In addition to naturally present greenhouse gases, burning of [[fossil fuel]]s has increased amounts of [[carbon dioxide]] and [[methane]] in the atmosphere.<ref name="ipcc-AR4WG1" /><ref name="budget">{{cite web|last=Rebecca|first=Lindsey|date=14 January 2009|title=Climate and Earth's Energy Budget : Feature Articles|url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/EnergyBalance/page1.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121082936/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/EnergyBalance/page1.php|archive-date=21 January 2021|access-date=14 December 2020|website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov}}</ref> As a result, [[global warming]] of about {{convert|1.2|C-change|F-change}} has occurred since the [[Industrial Revolution]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fox|first=Alex|title=Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Reaches New High Despite Pandemic Emissions Reduction|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/atmospheric-carbon-dioxide-reaches-new-high-despite-pandemic-emissions-reduction-180977945/|access-date=22 June 2021|website=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610130852/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/atmospheric-carbon-dioxide-reaches-new-high-despite-pandemic-emissions-reduction-180977945/|url-status=live}}</ref> with the global average surface temperature increasing at a rate of {{convert|0.18|C-change|F-change}} per decade since 1981.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Rebecca |last1=Lindsey |first2=Luann |last2=Dahlman |title=Climate Change: Global Temperature |website=NOAA Climate.gov |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-temperature#:~:text=Earth's%20temperature%20has%20risen%20by,0.18%C2%B0%20C)%20per%20decade.
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