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{{for|wars involving the [[Republic of Finland]]|List of wars involving Finland}}
[[File:Late Iron Age swords found from Finland.jpg|thumb|Late [[Iron Age Scandinavia|Iron Age]] swords from [[Finland]].|207x207px]]
There are scattered descriptions of '''early Finnish wars''', conflicts involving the [[Finns|Finnish tribespeople]], some of which took place before the [[Middle Ages]]. The earliest historical accounts of conflicts involving [[Finnish tribes]], such as [[Tavastians]], [[KareliaKarelians (historical province of FinlandFinns)|Karelians]], [[Finns proper]] and [[Kvenland|Kvens]], have survived in Icelandic sagas and in German, Norwegian, Danish and Russian chronicles as well as in Swedish legends and in [[Birch bark manuscript]]s. The most important sources are [[Novgorod First Chronicle]], [[Primary Chronicle]] and [[Eric Chronicles]].
 
[[Fortification]]s are known from Finland already from the [[Stone Age]] onwards. In [[Yli-Ii]] by the [[Iijoki]] river is located the [[Kierikki]] Stone Age fortress, which was built on piles and fortified with [[palisade]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Muinaisuutemme jäljet|last=Georg Haggrén, Petri Halinen, Mika Lavento, Sami Raninen, Anna Wessman|publisher=Gaudeamus|year=2015|pages=79}}</ref> Also the approximately 40 [[Giant's Church]]es from the [[Neolithic]] period (3500–2000 BCE) found from the northwest coast of Finland may have served as fortifications.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Muinaisuutemme jäljet|last=Georg Haggrén, Petri Halinen, Mika Lavento, Sami Raninen, Anna Wessman|publisher=Gaudeamus|year=2015|pages=116}}</ref> [[Bronze Age]] hillforts have also been found from Finland, such as [[Hautvuori]] in [[Laitila]] and [[Old Castle of Lieto|Vanhalinna]] in [[Lieto]]. According to archeological finds belligerence and military hierarchy were emphasized in Finland in the [[Merovingian period]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Muinaisuutemme jäljet|last=Georg Haggrén, Petri Halinen, Mika Lavento, Sami Raninen, Anna Wessman|publisher=Gaudeamus|year=2015|pages=275}}</ref> [[Hillfort]]s get more common from [[Iron Age]] forward.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Ancient Hill-forts of Finland|last=Taavitsainen|first=J-P|publisher=Suomen muinaismuistoyhdistyksen aikakauskirja 94|year=1990|location=Helsinki}}</ref> According to the earliest historical documents in the [[Middle Ages]] Finnic tribes around the [[Baltic Sea]] were often in conflict with each other as well as against other entities in the area.
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== Early written sources ==
[[File:Gs 13, Gävle.jpg|thumb|Runestone [[Gs 13]] in [[Sweden]] from the 11th century was erected in memory of a Viking who was killed in [[Tavastia (historical province)|Tavastia]] in modern-day [[Finland]].]]Several medieval [[saga]]s, chronicles and other early historical sources mention wars and conflicts related to Finnish tribes and to Finland. Finland was probably the same as [[Terra Feminarum]] which was attacked by Sweden in the 1050s CE, as described in ''{{lang|la-x-medieval|[[Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum]]''}} ({{translation|Deeds of Bishops of the Hamburg Church}}) by [[Adam of Bremen]] in 1075.{{Citation needed|date=April 2009}} According to the source, the attack ended in the Swedish defeat, and led to the death of the king's son who was in charge of the campaign. Information on the conflict is however convoluted.
 
[[Ynglingasaga]] written in early 13th century describes military expedition to Finland at the end of the 4th century by the Swedish king [[Agne]]. However, it is disputed whether the Old Norse concept of Finland refers to the present country of Finland; alternatively it could have meant the land of the [[Sámi]].
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|-
|c. 1060–1080
|[[Lithuanians]] make campaign against [[KareliaKarelians (historical province of FinlandFinns)|Karelians]].
|[[Birchbark manuscript 590]] describes [[Lithuanians]] making a campaign against [[KareliaKarelians (historical province of FinlandFinns)|Karelians]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Ancient Karelia|last=Uino|first=Pirjo|publisher=Suomen muinaismuistoyhdistyksen aikakausikirja 104|year=1997|location=Helsinki|pages=194–195}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gramoty.ru/index.php?no=590&act=full&key=bb|title=Древнерусские берестяные грамоты. Грамота №590|website=gramoty.ru|language=ru|access-date=2017-02-04|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130108212522/http://gramoty.ru/index.php?no=590&act=full&key=bb|archive-date=2013-01-08|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="3" |12th century
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|1143
|[[Karelians]] make campaign against Tavastians
|[[Karelia (historical province of Finland)|Karelians]] attack against [[Tavastians]] via sea, but escape after losing two ships.<ref name=":0" />
|-
|1149
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|1149
|Karelians support Novgorod against [[Suzdal]]ians
|[[KareliaKarelians (historical province of FinlandFinns)|Karelians]] make a campaign with [[Veliky Novgorod|Novgorod]] and [[Pskov]]ians against [[Suzdal]]ians.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Ancient Karelia|last=Uino|first=Pirjo|publisher=Suomen muinaismuistoyhdistyksen aikakausikirja 104|year=1997|location=Helsinki|pages=192}}</ref>
|-
|c. 1155
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|1187
|[[Pillage of Sigtuna]]
|[[KareliaKarelians (historical province of FinlandFinns)|Karelians]] (or Estonians or [[Curonians]]) pillage the city on 12 July. The [[Archbishop of Uppsala|Bishop of Uppsala]] and the Yarl are killed.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Kingship and State Formation in Sweden, 1130-1290|last=Line|first=Philip|publisher=BRILL|year=2007|isbn=978-9004155787|pages=333}}</ref><ref name="Tarvel">[[Enn Tarvel]] (2007). [http://haridus.opleht.ee/Arhiiv/7_82007/38-41.pdf ''Sigtuna hukkumine.''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011191449/http://haridus.opleht.ee/Arhiiv/7_82007/38-41.pdf |date=2017-10-11 }} Haridus, 2007 (7-8), p 38–41</ref>
|-
|1191
|[[Veliky Novgorod|Novgorod]] and [[Karelians]] campaign against Tavastians
|[[Veliky Novgorod|Novgorod]] and [[Karelia (historical province of Finland)|Karelians]] make a campaign against [[Tavastians]] with ships.<ref name=":1" />
|-
|1191
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|-
|1223
|[[KareliaKarelians (historical province of FinlandFinns)|Karelians]] make expedition to Norway with Novgorod
|Karelians make expedition against Norwegian settlements in northern Scandinavia with Novgorod.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|title=Karjalan synty. Viipurin läänin historia 1|first=Matti|last=Saarnisto|publisher=Karjalan Kirjapaino Oy|year=2003|pages=493}}</ref>
|-
|1226
|[[Karelia (historical province of Finland)|Karelians]] make another expedition to Norway with Novgorod
|Karelians make another expedition against Norwegian settlements in northern Scandinavia with Novgorod.<ref name=":5" />
|-
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|-
|1241
|[[Karelia (historical province of Finland)|Karelians]] ally with Novgorod against Germans in [[Koporye|Koprye]]
|[[Karelia (historical province of Finland)|Karelians]], [[Ingrian Finns|Ingrians]] and men from [[Staraya Ladoga]] participate in a campaign led by [[Alexander Nevsky]] against Germans in the castle of [[Koporye]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
|-
|1249–1250
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|1253
|[[Karelians]] make a raid against [[Germans]]
|[[KareliaKarelians (historical province of FinlandFinns)|Karelians]] raid against [[Germans]] in the area of [[Narva]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Suomen varhaiskeskiajan lähteitä|first=Martti|last=Linna|year=1989}}</ref>
|-
|1256
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|1257
|[[Karelians]] make expedition to [[Sweden]]
|[[Karelia (historical province of Finland)|Karelians]] make a devastating campaign to [[Sweden]] which lead [[Valdemar, King of Sweden|King Valdemar]] to request [[Pope Alexander IV]] to commence a crusade against them.<ref name=":1" />
|-
|1271
|[[KareliaKarelians (historical province of FinlandFinns)|Karelians]] and [[Kvenland|Kvens]] make campaign to [[Norway]].
|[[KareliaKarelians (historical province of FinlandFinns)|Karelians]] and [[Kvenland|Kvens]] attack [[Hålogaland]] in [[Norway]].<ref name=":3" />
|-
|1278
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|1337
|[[The Revolt of Käkisalmi]]
|[[KareliaKarelians (historical province of FinlandFinns)|Karelians]] revolt against Novgorod in [[Käkisalmi]] due to heavy taxation by Lithuanian [[Narimantas]] whom Novgorod had assigned to rule Karelia.
|}
 
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