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| caption = First sheet of the Synod Scroll, dated to the 13th/14th century.
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| original title = {{lang-ru|Новгородская первая летопись|NovgorodskaiaNovgorodskaya pervaiapervaya letopis’letopisʹ}}
| also known as = NPL
| author(s) =
}}
The '''Novgorod First Chronicle''' ({{lang-rurus|НовгородскаяНовгоро́дская перваяпе́рвая летописьле́топись|NovgorodskaiaNovgoródskaya pervaiapérvaya letopis’létopisʹ|nəvɡɐˈrot͡skəjə ˈpʲervəjə ˈlʲetəpʲɪsʲ}}{{sfn|Ostrowski|2018|p=32}}}}, commonly abbreviated as '''NPL'''{{sfn|Ostrowski|2018|p=32}}) or '''The Chronicle of Novgorod, 1016–1471'''<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZTw8AAAAIAAJ|publisher=Royal Historical Society|year=1914|title=The Chronicle of Novgorod, 1016–1471}}</ref> is the oldest extant [[Rus' chronicle]] of the [[Novgorod Republic]]. Written in [[Old East Slavic]], it reflects a literary tradition about [[Kievan Rus']] which differs from the ''[[Primary Chronicle]]''. The later editions of the chronicle reflect the lost ''Primary Kievan Code'' (Начальный{{lang-rus|Нача́льный КиевскийКи́евский свод}}) of the late 11th century, which contained information not present in the later ''Primary Chronicle''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Творогов |first1=Олег Викторович |title=Словарь книжников и книжности Древней Руси |date=1987 |publisher=Наука |pages=337–343 |url=http://lib.pushkinskijdom.ru/Default.aspx?tabid=4521|language=ru}}</ref>
The earliest extant copy of the NPL is the so-called Synod Scroll (''Sinodal'nyy''{{transl|ru|Sinodálʹnyy}}){{sfn|Dimnik|2004|p=256}}), dated to the second half of the 13th century. [[editio princeps|First printed]] in 1841, it is currently preserved in the [[State Historical Museum]]. It is the earliest known manuscript of a major Old East Slavic chronicle, predating the ''[[Laurentian Codex]]'' of the ''Primary Chronicle'' by almost a century.<ref name=NPL>{{cite book |last1=Гиппиус |first1=А. А. |title=Большая Российская Энциклопедия, том 23 |date=2013 |pages=155–156 |language=ru |chapter=Новгородская первая летопись}}</ref> In the 14th century, the Synod Scroll was continued by the monks of the [[Yuriev Monastery]] in [[Novgorod]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Полное собрание русских летописей. Том 3 |date=2000 |isbn=5785901269 |url=http://litopys.org.ua/novglet/novgdod01.htm |access-date=29 September 2022 |language=ru |chapter=Новгородская первая летопись старшего и младшего изводов. Предисловие к изданию 2000 г.}}</ref> Other important copies of the ''Novgorod First Chronicle'' include the Academic Scroll (''Akademicheskii''{{transl|ru|Akademícheskiy}}) and Commission Scroll (''Komissionnyy''{{transl|ru|Komissiónnyy}}){{sfn|Dimnik|2004|p=256}}), both dating to the 1440s,<ref name=NPL/> and the Tolstoi (''Tolstovoi''{{transl|ru|Tolstóvoi}}) copy. This "Younger Redaction"{{efn|{{lang-ru|НовгородскаяНовгоро́дская перваяпе́рвая летописьле́топись младшаямла́дшая редакцияреда́кция|NovgorodskaiaNovgoródskaya pervaiapérvaya letopis'létopisʹ mladshaiamládshaya redaktsiiaredáktsiya|Novgorod First Chronicle in Its Later Redaction}}.{{sfn|Isoaho|2018|p=639}}}} contains entries from the year 854 up to 1447.{{sfn|Ostrowski|2018|p=32}}
==Contents and style==
=== Commission Scroll ===
The Archaeographic Commission (''Kommissionyi''{{transl|ru|Komissiónnyy}}) copy of the ''Novgorod First Chronicle'', which stems from the mid-15th century, contains at the beginning two genealogies and a chronological [[regnal list]] of Rus' princes; all three of them begin with "[[Rurik]]".{{sfn|Ostrowski|2018|p=36}} This is in sharp contrast with the ''[[Hypatian Codex]]'' (compiled {{circa}} 1425), wherein the list of ''knyazi'' ("princes") of [[Kyiv|Kiev]] starts with "[[Askold and Dir|Dir and Askold]]", followed by "[[Oleg the Wise|Oleg]]", and then "[[Igor of Kiev|Igor]]", and does not mention "Rurik" at all.{{sfn|Ostrowski|2018|p=36}} Similarly, the chronology at the start of the ''[[Laurentian Codex]]'' (compiled 1377) makes no mention of "Rurik", but starts the regnal list of Rus' princes from the year in which Oleg took up residence in Kiev.{{efn|According to the ''Laurentian Codex''{{'}}s chronology, Oleg supposedly began to reign as prince in Kiev 29 years after Byzantine emperor [[Michael III]] began to reign,{{sfn|Ostrowski|2018|p=32}} which it claims was the year 860, although that year is known to be incorrect, since Michael III acceded on 21 January 842.{{sfn|Ostrowski|2018|p=44}} The narrative part of the ''Laurentian Codex'' mentions the also incorrect year 852.{{sfn|Ostrowski|2018|p=44}}}}
The narrative part of the NPL starts from the legendary origins of Rus' and its last records refer to mid-15th century events. It describes the accession to the throne of the princes of Novgorod, the elections of major officials such as [[tysyatsky]] and [[posadnik]], building of churches and monasteries, epidemics and military campaigns.<ref name=NPL/>
=== Academic Scroll ===
The Academic (''Akademicheskii''{{transl|ru|Akademícheskiy}}) copy of the NPL dates from the mid-15th century, came into the possession of [[Vasily Tatishchev]], and was acquired in 1737 by the [[Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences]], [[Saint Petersburg]], where it is currently being preserved with registration number "17.8.36".{{sfn|Maiorov|2018|p=325}}
=== Style ===
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