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==History==
[[File:USNM 2361 - Brachauchenius lucasi skull.png|thumb|left|The second known skull of ''B. lucasi'' (USNM 2361)]]
The type species, ''Brachauchenius lucasi'', lived in the [[Western Inland Sea]] of North America around 100.5-89.390&nbsp;million years ago, from the [[Cenomanian|Cenomonian]] to the [[Turonian]] of the [[Cretaceous]]. An older specimen from the [[Barremian]] of [[Colombia]] was considered as part of this genus, representing the first re-occurrence of the non-rhomaleosaurid pliosaurs after a Berriasian-Hauterivian hiatus.<ref name="Hampe, 2005">Hampe O. 2005. Considerations on a ''Brachauchenius'' skeleton (Pliosauroidea) from the lower Paja Formation (late Barremian) of Villa de Leyva area (Colombia). ''Fossil Record - Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin'' '''8''' (1): 37-51.</ref> However, subsequent analysis of this Colombian specimen shows that it was enough distinctive to warrant a new genus and species, named as ''[[Stenorhynchosaurus|Stenorhynchosaurus munozi]]''.<ref name=Paramo2016>{{Cite journal|title = ''Stenorhynchosaurus munozi'', gen. et sp. nov. a new pliosaurid from the Upper Barremian (Lower Cretaceous) of Villa de Leiva, Colombia, South America|url = http://www.raccefyn.co/index.php/raccefyn/article/view/239|journal = Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales|date = 2016-04-06|issn = 2382-4980|pages = 84–103|volume = 40|issue = 154|doi = 10.18257/raccefyn.239|language = en|first1 = María E.|last1 = Páramo|first2 = Marcela |last2 = Gómez-Pérez|first3 = Leslie F.|last3 = Noé| last4 = Etayo | first4 = Fernando|doi-access = free}}</ref>
 
The first known ([[type species|type]]) specimen (USNM 4989) was collected by [[Charles Hazelius Sternberg]] from [[Ottawa County, Kansas]] in 1884.<ref name="Everhart, 2005">''Everhart MJ. 2005. Oceans of Kansas - A Natural History of the Western Interior Sea''. Indiana University Press, 320 pp. {{ISBN|0-253-34547-2}}.</ref><ref name="Everhart, 2007">Everhart MJ. 2007. Historical note on the 1884 discovery of ''Brachauchenius lucasi'' (Plesiosauria; Pliosauridae) in Ottawa County, Kansas. ''Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science'' '''110''' (3/4): 255-258.</ref> It had a skull length of up to {{cvt|1|m|ft}}.<ref name=Megacephalosaurus/> The species was named by [[Samuel Wendell Williston|Samuel W. Williston]].<ref name="Williston, 1903"/><ref name="Williston, 1907">Williston SW. 1907. The skull of ''Brachauchenius'', with special observations on the relationships of the plesiosaurs. ''United States National Museum Proceedings'' '''32''': 477-489. (pls. 34-37)</ref> The individual to which this specimen belongs would have measured {{cvt|4|-|5|m|ft}} long.<ref name=Megacephalosaurus/> ''Brachauchenius'' represents the last known occurrence of a pliosaur in North America.
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In 2013, Benson ''et al.'' referred a partial cranium from the [[Chalk Group]] of [[England]] (previously referred to ''[[Polyptychodon]]'') to ''Brachauchenius'' indet.<ref>Benson RBJ, Evans M, Smith AS, Sassoon J, Moore-Faye S, Ketchum HF, Forrest R. 2013. A giant pliosaurid skull from the Late Jurassic of England. PLOS ONE 8(5):e65989 DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0065989.</ref>
 
In 2015, a pliosaur mandible from [[Turonian]] deposits near [[Goulmima]], [[Morocco]] were referred to the species ''Brachauchenius lucasi''<ref name=":0" />
 
==Classification==
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