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Researchers from the Agricultural Research Service, USDA at the U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory in Fort Pierce, FL along with University of Florida Collaborators have developed two types of antisense oilgos (FANA and Morpholino's), and demonstrated efficient delivery into citrus trees, potato and tomato plants. The oligonucleotide FANA (2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-arabinonucleotide) RNA-targeting technology into citrus trees and potato plants for management of bacterial pathogens and arthropod pests. The FANA ASO technology is a single nucleotide strand of 20–24 nt in length that incorporates 2′F- chemically modifications of nucleotides, along with a phosphorothioate backbone and modified flanking nucleotides, in their structure called “gapmers,” produced by AUM LifeTech., Inc. These unique modified structures of FANA “triggers” enables gymnotic activity that self-delivers into cells, moving systemically in treated plants and insects, with significant suppression of their RNA targets. Reported is the FANA suppression of two plant-infecting bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, CLas (in citrus trees), and C. Liberibacter solanacearum, CLso (in potato and tomato) <ref>{{Citation |last=Hunter |first=Wayne B. |title=Emerging RNA Suppression Technologies to Protect Citrus Trees From Citrus Greening Disease Bacteria |date=2018 |work=Advances in Insect Physiology |pages=163–197 |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aiip.2018.08.001 |access-date=2024-05-17 |publisher=Elsevier |doi=10.1016/bs.aiip.2018.08.001 |isbn=978-0-12-815079-5 |last2=Sinisterra-Hunter |first2=Xiomara H.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sandoval-Mojica |first=Andrés F. |last2=Hunter |first2=Wayne B. |last3=Aishwarya |first3=Veenu |last4=Bonilla |first4=Sylvia |last5=Pelz-Stelinski |first5=Kirsten S. |date=2021-02-02 |title=Antibacterial FANA oligonucleotides as a novel approach for managing the Huanglongbing pathosystem |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-82425-8 |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=2760 |doi=10.1038/s41598-021-82425-8 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=PMC7854585 |pmid=33531619}}</ref>]
Morpholino's: These researchers demonstrated that PPMOs moved systemically in plants, fruit trees, and grapevines, such that they could suppress CLas in infected citrus trees and the psyllid vectors. Furthermore, the PPMOs designed to endosymbiotic bacteria of the psyllid vectors, can reduce psyllid populations by targeting and suppressing the insects endosymbionts, the bacteria which are essential for psyllid survival <ref>{{Citation |last=Hunter |first=Wayne B. |title=Emerging RNA Suppression Technologies to Protect Citrus Trees From Citrus Greening Disease Bacteria |date=2018 |work=Advances in Insect Physiology |pages=163–197 |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aiip.2018.08.001 |access-date=2024-05-17 |publisher=Elsevier |doi=10.1016/bs.aiip.2018.08.001 |isbn=978-0-12-815079-5 |last2=Sinisterra-Hunter |first2=Xiomara H.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sandoval‐Mojica |first=Andrés F |last2=Altman |first2=Sidney |last3=Hunter |first3=Wayne B |last4=Pelz‐Stelinski |first4=Kirsten S |date=2020
===Cover crops===
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