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The exact cause of the yips is still not fully understood, but it's largely seen as a mix of task-specific focal dystonia (type I yips) and choking (type II yips) in most existing literature. Task-specific focal dystonia involves involuntary movements during well-practiced tasks (putting, pitching, vaulting), whereas choking refers to performance failure under pressure.{{cn|date=May 2024}} A yips episode may last a short time before the athlete regains their abilities or it can require longer term adjustments to technique before recovery occurs. The worst cases are those where the athlete does not recover at all, forcing the player to abandon the sport at the highest level.
There have been a plethora of treatment options tested to ameliorate the yips, including clinical [[sport psychology]] therapy, motor imagery, pre-performance routines, medication, botulinum toxin, acupuncture, and emotional freedom techniques. However, their possible effectiveness is primarily based on personal experience rather than well-founded research evidence.{{cn|date=May 2024}} Early intervention with a
== Brain activity and the yips ==
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