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→Demographics: Added another period- according to Shatzmiller, the population of Syria & Lebanon hovered around 1.5 million while Palestine's and Jordan's were around 500k. That yields 2 million for the Levant as a whole. Tag: Reverted |
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==Demographics==
{{see also|Demographics of the Middle East}}
=== Religious and ethnic groups ===▼
{{Historical populations
|title=Historical population of the Levant
|align=right
|14|4300000|164|4800000|500|4127000|900|3120000|1200|2700000|1400|2000000|1700|2028000|1897|3231874|1914|3448356|1922|3198951|footnote = Source:<ref>{{cite web|last=Mutlu|first=Servet|title=Late Ottoman population and its ethnic distribution|url=https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/213586|pages=29–31}} Corrected population M8.</ref><ref>Frier, Bruce W. "Demography", in Alan K. Bowman, Peter Garnsey, and Dominic Rathbone, eds., ''The Cambridge Ancient History XI: The High Empire, A.D. 70–192'', (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 827–54.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Shatzmiller |first1=Maya |title=Labour in the Medieval Islamic World |date=2021 |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789004491410}}</ref><ref>{{Setton-A History of the Crusades|last=Russell|first=Josiah C.|chapter=The Population of the Crusader States|pages=295–314|volume=5}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Syria Population - Our World in Data |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population?time=0..latest&country=~SYR |website=www.ourworldindata.org |language=en}}</ref>
}}
▲=== Religious and ethnic groups ===
The largest religious group in the Levant are [[Muslim]]s.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Retsö |first1=Jan |title="Aramaic in Levantine Dialects" in "Aramaic/Syriac Loanwords" |website=Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics |publisher=Brill Reference Online |access-date=7 February 2024 |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/browse/encyclopedia-of-arabic-language-and-linguistics|quote=The Arabic spoken in Syria and Mesopotamia has replaced Aramaic dialects there and it can be assumed that a bilingual situation existed for a long time and that numerous Aramaic lexemes found their way into Arabic during this period. The presence of Aramaic lexemes is well studied in Lebanese Arabic (Féghali 1918; Freyha 1973) and the dialects spoken in the Anti-Lebanon (Arnold and Behnstedt 1993) but can be found in dictionaries from the entire Syro-Palestinian area (cf. Barbot 1961). The material collected by Féghali and Freyha shows that, unlike in the ʿarabiyya, most borrowings preserve the Aramaic phonology… The Aramaic vocabulary is likely to be the largest foreign element in the Arabic lexicon even if the exact extent is difficult to define.}}</ref> The [[Muslim conquest of the Levant]] in the 7th century introduced [[Islam]] into the region,<ref>{{cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Hugh N. |author-link=Hugh N. Kennedy |date=2007 |title=The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In |url=https://archive.org/details/greatarabconques00kenn_0 |url-access=registration |publisher=Da Capo Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/greatarabconques00kenn_0/page/376 376] |isbn=978-0-306-81728-1}}</ref> but the bulk of the population in Syria and [[Upper Mesopotamia|upper Mesopotamia]] remained Christian until the 13th century.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lapidus |first=Ira M. |author-link=Ira M. Lapidus |date=13 October 2014 |orig-year=1988 |title=A History of Islamic Societies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFJNBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA70 |edition=3rd |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=70 |isbn=978-0-521-51430-9}}</ref> The majority of Levantine Muslims are [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]s adhering to the four [[Madhhab|madhhabs]] ([[Hanafi school|Hanafi]], [[Shafi'i school|Shafi'i]], [[Hanbali school|Hanbali]] and [[Maliki school|Maliki]]). Islamic minorities include the [[Alawites|Alawite]]s and [[Nizari Isma'ilism|Nizari Ismaili]]s in Syria, and [[Lebanese Shia Muslims|Twelver Shiites]] in [[Lebanon]].<ref name=Pierre>{{citation |last=Pierre|first=Beckouche|year=2017|chapter=The Country Reports: Syria|title=Europe's Mediterranean Neighbourhood|page=178|publisher=[[Edward Elgar Publishing]]|isbn=978-1786431493}}</ref> Levantine Christian groups include [[Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch|Greek Orthodox]] ([[Antiochian Greek Christians|Antiochian Greeks]]), [[Syriac Orthodox]], [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Eastern Catholic]] ([[Syriac Catholic Church|Syriac Catholic]], [[Melkite Greek Catholic Church|Melkite]] and [[Maronite Church|Maronite]]), [[Roman Catholic]]s and [[Protestantism|Protestants]]. [[Armenians]] in the Levant mainly follow the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]], while [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]]s variously belong to the [[Assyrian Church of the East]] and [[Chaldean Catholic Church]].<ref name=gulf2014>{{cite web |title=Christian Population of Middle East in 2014 |date=2017 |publisher=The Gulf/2000 Project, School of International and Public Affairs of Columbia University |url=http://gulf2000.columbia.edu/images/maps/Christians_Middle_East_2014_lg.png |access-date=2018-08-31}}</ref> Other religious groups in the Levant include [[Jews]], [[Samaritans]], [[Yazidi]]s and [[Druze]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SPBfnT_E1mgC&pg=PA16 |title=Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia|access-date=26 May 2014|isbn=978-1-59884-362-0|last1=Shoup|first1=John A|date=2011-10-31|publisher=Abc-Clio }}</ref>
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