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Following a three-year joint investigation by [[Dumfries and Galloway Constabulary]] and the US [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI), arrest warrants were issued for two Libyan nationals in November 1991. In 1999, [[History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi|Libyan]] leader [[Muammar Gaddafi]] handed over the two men for trial at [[Scottish Court in the Netherlands|Camp Zeist, the Netherlands]], after protracted negotiations and UN sanctions. In 2001, [[Abdelbaset al-Megrahi]], a Libyan intelligence officer, was jailed for life after being found guilty of 270 counts of murder in connection with the bombing. In August 2009, he was [[Release of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi|released]] by the [[Scottish government]] on [[Compassionate release|compassionate grounds]] after being diagnosed with [[prostate cancer]]. He died in May 2012 as the only person to be convicted for the attack.
In 2003, Gaddafi accepted Libya's responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing and paid compensation to the families of the victims, although he maintained that he had never given the order for the attack.<ref name=BBC/> Acceptance of responsibility was part of a series of requirements laid out by a UN resolution for sanctions against Libya to be lifted. Libya said it had to accept responsibility due to Megrahi's status as a government employee.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=13 August 2003 |title=Libya ready to accept responsibility for Lockerbie bombing |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/libya-ready-to-accept-responsibility-for-lockerbie-bombing-100088.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/libya-ready-to-accept-responsibility-for-lockerbie-bombing-100088.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=13 June 2020 |website=The Independent}}</ref>
During the [[Libyan Civil War (2011)|First Libyan Civil War]] in 2011, former Minister of Justice [[Mustafa Abdul Jalil]] claimed that the Libyan leader had personally ordered the bombing,<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|date=23 February 2011|title=Colonel Gaddafi 'ordered Lockerbie bombing|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-12552587|access-date=21 June 2018|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226151414/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-12552587|url-status=live}}</ref> while investigators have long believed that Megrahi did not act alone, and have been reported as questioning retired [[Stasi]] agents about a possible role in the attack.
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====Notable passengers====
[[File:BerntCarlssonMemorial.jpg|thumb|Dryfesdale Cemetery memorial stone dedicated to [[Bernt Carlsson]]]]
Prominent among the passenger victims was Dr. Irving Sigal, whose work in HIV set the stage for the development in the early 1990s of the first protease inhibitors<ref name=":1" />. The 50-year-old [[UN Commissioner for Namibia]] (then [[South West Africa]]), [[Bernt Carlsson]], who would have attended the signing ceremony of the [[New York Accords]] at the [[UN headquarters]] the following day.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/22/world/un-officer-on-flight-103.html |title=UN Officer on Flight 103 |date=22 December 1988 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=5 April 2009 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327092355/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/22/world/un-officer-on-flight-103.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[James Fuller (automobile executive)|James Fuller]], an American automotive executive who worked for Volkswagen, was returning home from a meeting with Volkswagen executives in Germany. Also aboard were Irish Olympic sailor [[Peter Dix]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peter Dix|url=http://www.olympedia.org/athletes/61849|access-date=13 June 2020|website=www.olympedia.org|publisher=Olympedia|archive-date=13 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613005610/http://www.olympedia.org/athletes/61849|url-status=live}}</ref> and rock musician [[Paul Jeffreys]] and his wife.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pauljeffreys.com/ |title=PaulJeffreys.com: website in the memory of Paul Jeffreys |access-date=30 July 2020 |archive-date=13 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813112225/http://pauljeffreys.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>
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