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| stopover1 = [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]], New York City, United States
| last_stopover =
| destination = [[DetroitO'Hare MetropolitanInternational Airport]], MichiganChicago, Illinois, United States
| aircraft_type = [[Boeing 747-100|Boeing 747-121]]
| aircraft_name = ''Clipper Maid of the Seas''
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}}
 
'''Pan Am Flight 103''' ('''PA103/PAA103''') was a regularly scheduled [[Pan Am]] [[transatlantic flight]] from [[Frankfurt]] to [[DetroitChicago]] via a stopover in London and another in New York City. The transatlantic leg of the route was operated by ''Clipper Maid of the Seas'', a [[Boeing 747]] registered N739PA. Shortly after 19:00 on 21 December 1988, while the aircraft was in flight over the Scottish town of [[Lockerbie]], it was destroyed by a bomb, killing all 243 passengers and 16 crew in what became known as the '''Lockerbie bombing'''.<ref name="panamair_victims">{{cite web |year=2007 |url=http://www.panamair.org/accidents/lockerbievictims.htm |title=Clipper Maid of the Seas: Remembering those on flight 103 |publisher=panamair.org |access-date=8 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080326232104/http://www.panamair.org/accidents/lockerbievictims.htm |archive-date=26 March 2008 }}</ref> Large sections of the aircraft crashed in a residential street in Lockerbie, killing 11 residents. With a total of 270 fatalities, it is the deadliest [[Terrorism in the United Kingdom|terrorist attack in the history of the United Kingdom]].
 
Following a three-year joint investigation by [[Dumfries and Galloway Constabulary]] and the US [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI), arrest warrants were issued for two Libyan nationals in November 1991. After protracted negotiations and United Nations sanctions, in 1999, [[History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi|Libyan]] leader [[Muammar Gaddafi]] handed over the two men for trial at [[Scottish Court in the Netherlands|Camp Zeist, the Netherlands]]. In 2001, [[Abdelbaset al-Megrahi]], a Libyan intelligence officer, was jailed for life after being found guilty of 270 counts of murder in connection with the bombing. In August 2009, he was [[Release of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi|released]] by the [[Scottish government]] on [[Compassionate release|compassionate grounds]] after being diagnosed with [[prostate cancer]]. He died in May 2012 as the only person to be convicted for the attack.
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==Flight==
Pan Am 103 originated as a feeder flight at [[Frankfurt Airport]], [[West Germany]], using a [[Boeing 727]] and the flight number PA103-A. Both Pan Am and [[Trans World Airlines]] routinely changed the type of aircraft operating different legs of a flight. PA103 was bookable as either a single Frankfurt–New York or a Frankfurt–DetroitFrankfurt–Chicago itinerary, though a scheduled change of aircraft took place in London's Heathrow Airport.{{citation needed span||date=December 2023}}
 
After the bombing, the flight number was changed, in accordance with standard practice among airlines after disasters.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/03/13/289800435/when-bad-things-happen-to-planes-flight-codes-get-retired |title=When Bad Things Happen To Planes, Flight Codes Get 'Retired' |work=NPR |last=Neuman |first=Scott |date=13 March 2014 |access-date=17 January 2024 |archive-date=6 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006033106/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/03/13/289800435/when-bad-things-happen-to-planes-flight-codes-get-retired |url-status=live }}</ref> The Frankfurt–London–New York–DetroitYork–Chicago route was being served by Pan Am Flight 3 upon the company's demise in 1991.<ref>Pan Am Flight Guide, Winter 1989.{{full citation needed|date=December 2023}}</ref>
 
==Explosion and impact timeline==
 
===Departure===
On its arrival at [[Heathrow Terminal 3]] on the day of the disaster, the passengers and their luggage (as well as an unaccompanied suitcase which was part of the interline luggage on the feeder flight) were transferred directly to ''Clipper Maid of the Seas'', a Boeing 747-100 with the registration N739PA whose previous flight had originated from Los Angeles and arrived via San Francisco as flight PA 124, landing at 12 noon and parking at Gate K-14.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Huber |first=Patrick |title=Pan Am Flug 103: Die Tragödie von Lockerbie - Weihnachtsreise in den Tod |publisher=Epubli |year=2023 |isbn=978-3-758447-63-1 |location=Vienna/Berlin |publication-date=2023 |pages=87 |trans-title=Pan Am Flight 103: The Tragedy of Lockerbie - Christmas Journey into death}}</ref> The plane, which operated the flight's transatlantic leg, pushed back from the terminal at 18:04 and took off from runway 27R at 18:25, bound for [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|New York JFK Airport]] and then [[O'Hare International Airport|Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport]]. Contrary to many popular accounts of the disaster (though repeated, with reference, [[#Civil investigation|below]]), the flight, which had a scheduled gate departure time of 18:00, left Heathrow airport on time<!--this conflicts with this article later on-->.<ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=David |title=Lockerbie, the real story |year=1989 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing Ltd. |page=232}}</ref><ref>Transcript of the trial of the Scottish court at Camp Zeist 2000, p. 59.</ref>
 
===Loss of contact===
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