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| religion = [[Islam in Mauritania|Sunni Islam]] ([[State Religion|official]])
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'''Mauritania''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Mauritania.ogg|ˌ|m|ɒr|ᵻ|ˈ|t|eɪ|n|i|ə|,_|ˌ|m|ɔːr|ᵻ|-}};<ref>{{citation |last=Wells |first=John C. |year=2008 |title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary |edition=3rd |publisher=Longman |isbn=9781405881180}}</ref> {{lang-ar|موريتانيا}}, ''{{transliteration|ar|Mūrītānyā}}'', {{IPA-ar|muː.rɪ.tæː.ni|pron}}; {{lang-ber|Agawej}} or {{lang|ber|Cengit}}; {{lang-fuc|
The country's name derives from the ancient [[Berbers|Berber]] kingdom of [[Mauretania]] in North Africa within the ancient [[Maghreb]]. Berbers occupied what is now Mauritania beginning in the third century AD. [[Arabs]] under the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] conquered the area in the late seventh century, bringing Islam, Arab culture, and the Arabic language. In the early 20th century, Mauritania was [[Colonial Mauritania|colonized by France]] as part of [[French West Africa]]. It achieved independence in 1960, but has since experienced recurrent coups and periods of military dictatorship. The most recent coup, in [[2008 Mauritanian coup d'état|2008]], was led by General [[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]], who won subsequent presidential elections in 2009 and 2014.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diagana |first1=Kissima |title=Ruling party candidate declared winner of Mauritania election |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mauritania-election-idUSKCN1TO083 |access-date=6 March 2021 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=23 June 2019 |archive-date=27 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627222243/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mauritania-election-idUSKCN1TO083 |url-status=live }}</ref> He was succeeded by [[Mohamed Ould Ghazouani]] following the [[2019 Mauritanian presidential election|2019 elections]], which were considered Mauritania's first [[peaceful transition of power]] since independence.<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-06-22|title=First peaceful transfer of power in Mauritania's presidential polls|url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20190622-first-peaceful-transfer-power-mauritanias-presidential-polls|access-date=2021-07-27|website=RFI|language=en|archive-date=9 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409231446/https://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20190622-first-peaceful-transfer-power-mauritanias-presidential-polls|url-status=live}}</ref>
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