Métis: Difference between revisions

The '''Métis''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ɛ|ˈ|t|iː|(|s|)}} {{respell|meh|TEE(SS)}}, {{IPA|fr|metis|lang}}, {{IPA|fr-CA|meˈt͡sɪs|label=[[Canadian French]]:}},{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} {{IPA|crg|mɪˈt͡ʃɪf|lang|link=yes}}) are an [[Indigenous people]] whose historical homelands include Canada's three [[Canadian Prairies|Prairie Provinces]].<ref name="Kermoal Andersen 2021 p. 45">{{cite book | last1=Kermoal | first1=N. | last2=Andersen | first2=C. | title=Daniels v. Canada: In and Beyond the Courts | publisher=University of Manitoba Press | year=2021 | isbn=978-0-88755-931-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1yInEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45 | access-date=Dec 3, 2022 | page=45|quote=Its historic homeland includes large parts of what are now known as the Prairie provinces, extending into parts of Ontario, British Columbia, the Northwest Territories and the northwest United States}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Métis Homeland |publisher=Rupertsland Institute |url=https://www.rupertsland.org/metis-homeland/ |access-date=2021-07-24|quote=Métis villages sprang up along the riverways from the Great Lakes to the Mackenzie Delta. The [[Rupert's Land]] territory included all or parts of present-day Northwest-Nunavut Territory, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia, and became known to the Métis as the “Métis Homeland.”}}</ref><ref name="Andersen">{{cite book | last=Andersen | first=C. | title=Métis: Race, Recognition, and the Struggle for Indigenous Peoplehood | publisher=UBC Press – Rupertsland Centre for Métis Research in the Faculty of Native Studies at the University of Alberta | year=2014 | isbn=978-0-7748-2723-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c5YiAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA108| page=108|quote= The MNC's narrative traces the geographical boundaries of what it terms the “Métis Homeland” to the historical waterways from northern Ontario to British Columbia and from the Northwest Territories to the northern United States.}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Métis National Council |url=https://www.metisnation.ca/about/about-us |access-date=2024-06-30 |website=www.metisnation.ca |language=en-ca}}</ref> They have a shared history and culture, supposedly deriving from specific mixed European (primarily French, Scottish, and English) and [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous]] ancestry, which, the Metis say, became distinct through [[ethnogenesis]] by the mid-18th century,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=Darren R.|last=Préfontaine|title=Métis History |url=https://teaching.usask.ca/indigenoussk/import/metis_history.php |encyclopedia=Indigenous Saskatchewan Encyclopedia |publisher=University of Saskatchewan |access-date=18 October 2021}}</ref> during the early years of the [[North American fur trade]].<ref name=Rea-2017>{{harvnb|Rea|Scott|2017}}</ref>