Magna Carta: Difference between revisions

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{{Monarchism}}

'''{{Lang|la-x-medieval|Magna Carta Libertatum}}''' ([[Medieval Latin]] for "Great Charter of Freedoms"), commonly called '''Magna Carta''' or sometimes '''Magna Charta''' ("Great Charter"),{{Efn|The document's Latin name is spelled either {{lang|la|Magna Carta}} or {{lang|la|Magna Charta}} (the pronunciation is the same), and may appear in English with or without the definite article "the", though it is more usual for the article to be omitted.<ref>{{OED|Magna Carta}} "Usually without article."</ref> Latin does not have a definite article equivalent to "the".{{pb}}The spelling {{lang|la|Charta}} originates in the 18th century, as a restoration of [[classical Latin]] {{lang|la|[[:wikt:charta|charta]]}} for the [[Medieval Latin]] spelling {{lang|la|carta}}.<ref>[[Glossarium ad scriptores mediae et infimae latinitatis|Du Cange]] s.v. [http://ducange.enc.sorbonne.fr/charta#CHARTA1 1 carta]</ref> While "Charta" remains an acceptable variant spelling, it never became prevalent in English usage.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Garner|first1=Bryan A.|title=A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage|date=1995|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0195142365|page=541|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=35dZpfMmxqsC&pg=PA541}} "The usual—and the better—form is ''Magna Carta''. [...] ''Magna Carta'' does not take a definite article".{{pb}}''Magna Charta'' is the recommended spelling in German-language literature. ([http://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Magna_Charta Duden online])</ref>}} is a [[royal charter]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/magna-carta-1215|title=Magna Carta 1215|publisher=[[British Library]]|access-date=3 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.historyireland.com/volume-23/exporting-magna-carta-exclusionary-liberties-in-ireland-and-the-world/|title=Exporting Magna Carta: exclusionary liberties in Ireland and the world|journal=[[History Ireland]]|volume=23|issue= 4 |date=July 2015|author=Peter Crooks}}</ref> of [[rights]] agreed to by [[King John of England]] at [[Runnymede]], near [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]], on 15 June 1215.{{Efn|Within this article, dates before 14 September 1752 are in the Julian calendar. Later dates are in the Gregorian calendar. In the Gregorian calendar, however, the date would have been 22 June 1215.}} First drafted by the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], Cardinal [[Stephen Langton]], to make peace between the unpopular king and a group of rebel [[baron]]s, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift and impartial justice, and limitations on [[feudal]] payments to [[the Crown]], to be implemented through a council of 25 barons. As neither side stood by their commitments, the charter was annulled by [[Pope Innocent III]], leading to the [[First Barons' War]].