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Generally any person who wants to buy a residence within the area of a homeowners association must become a member, and therefore must obey the governing documents including articles of incorporation, CC&Rs ([[Covenant (law)|covenants]], conditions and restrictions) and by-laws, which may limit the owner's choices in exterior design modifications (e.g., paint colors). Homeowner associations are especially active in [[urban planning]], zoning and land use, decisions that affect the pace of growth, the quality of life, the level of [[tax]]ation and the value of land in the community.{{sfn|Caves|2004|p= }}{{rp|page?}}
 
Most homeowner associations are [[incorporated]], and are subject to state statutes that govern [[non-profit corporations]] and homeowner associations. State oversight of homeowner associations varies from state to state; some states, such as [[Florida]] and [[California]] (see [[Davis–Stirling]]),<ref name="FloridaLegislature">{{cite web |title=Title XL REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY, Chapter 720: HOMEOWNERS' ASSOCIATIONS |url=http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0700-0799/0720/0720.html |website=The Florida Legislature |access-date=20 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayexpandedbranch.xhtml?tocCode=CIV&division=4.&title=&part=5.&chapter=&article=|title=Common Interest Developments|website=leginfo.legislature.ca.gov|access-date=2017-10-09}}</ref> have a large body of HOA law. Other states, such as [[Massachusetts]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Massachusetts HOA Laws, Regulations & Resources|url=https://www.hopb.co/massachusetts|access-date=2021-11-30|website=Homeowners Protection Bureau, LLC|language=en-US}}</ref> have limited HOA law. Homeowners associations are commonly found in residential developments since the passage of the [[Davis–Stirling Common Interest Development Act]] in 1985. In Canada, homeowner associations are subject to stringent provincial regulations and are thus quite rare compared to the United States. However in recent decades, HOAs have infrequently been created in new subdivision developments in [[Alberta]] and [[Ontario]].
 
The fastest-growing form of [[housing]] in the United States today are [[common-interest development]]s (CIDs), a category that includes [[planned unit development]]s of [[single-family home]]s, [[condominium]]s, and [[housing cooperative]]s.{{relevance inline |date=July 2016|sentence|reason=While CIDs are often involve HOAs, that is not explained here. Even if it was, should this be in the lead?}}{{sfn|McKenzie|1994|p=7}} Since 1964, HOAs have become increasingly common in the United States. The [[Community Associations Institute]] [[trade association]] estimated that in 2010, HOAs governed 24.8 million American homes and 62 million residents.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Industry Data – National Statistics |publisher=[[Community Associations Institute]] |url=http://www.caionline.org/info/research/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101152140/http://www.caionline.org/info/research/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=2011-11-01 }}</ref> Throughout the rest of the world, homeowner associations—though they do exist in some neighborhoods—are uncommon.{{Original research inline|date=October 2017}}
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