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== Culture medium for Mammalian cells ==
The selection of cell culture medium is crucial for efficient mammalian cell culture, significantly affecting cell growth, productivity, and consistency across batches.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Mark |first=Jacqueline Kar Kei |last2=Lim |first2=Crystale Siew Ying |last3=Nordin |first3=Fazlina |last4=Tye |first4=Gee Jun |date=2022-11-01 |title=Expression of mammalian proteins for diagnostics and therapeutics: a review |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11033-022-07651-3 |journal=Molecular Biology Reports |language=en |volume=49 |issue=11 |pages=10593–10608 |doi=10.1007/s11033-022-07651-3 |issn=1573-4978 |pmc=PMC9175168 |pmid=35674877}}</ref> In protein expression, the choice of media can also influence the therapeutic characteristics of produced proteins through processes like glycosylation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=O’Flaherty |first=Róisín |last2=Bergin |first2=Adam |last3=Flampouri |first3=Evangelia |last4=Mota |first4=Letícia Martins |last5=Obaidi |first5=Ismael |last6=Quigley |first6=Andrew |last7=Xie |first7=Yongjing |last8=Butler |first8=Michael |date=2020-11-01 |title=Mammalian cell culture for production of recombinant proteins: A review of the critical steps in their biomanufacturing |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0734975020300495 |journal=Biotechnology Advances |volume=43 |pages=107552 |doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107552 |issn=0734-9750}}</ref> Different types of media, such as serum-containing, serum-free, protein-free, and chemically defined media, have distinct benefits and drawbacks.
Serum-containing media are rich in growth factors but can lead to variability and contamination issues. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is commonly used due to its high capacity to support cell growth, although it poses biosafety concerns due to its inconsistent composition.<ref name=":0" /> In contrast, serum-free media (SFM) offer standardized formulations that enhance reliability and reduce contamination risks. They are designed to include essential nutrients like amino acids, vitamins, and glucose, but can sometimes provide weaker growth performance compared to serum-containing alternatives.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Weifeng |last2=Fan |first2=Zhenlin |last3=Lin |first3=Yan |last4=Wang |first4=Tian-Yun |date=2021-03-15 |title=Serum-Free Medium for Recombinant Protein Expression in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/bioengineering-and-biotechnology/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2021.646363/full |journal=Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |language=English |volume=9 |doi=10.3389/fbioe.2021.646363 |issn=2296-4185 |pmc=PMC8006267 |pmid=33791287}}</ref> The development of protein-free and chemically defined media is aimed at achieving greater consistency and control in cell culture processes.
Ultimately, the composition of the culture medium directly impacts cell viability and productivity, making the careful selection and design of culture media essential for successful mammalian cell culture.
== See also ==
* [[Cell culture]]
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