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Linguist [[Laurent Sagart]] recently {{When|date=April 2011}} hypothesized that the [[Kradai languages|proto-Kradai]] language originated as an [[Austronesian language]]s that migrants carried from [[Taiwan]] to mainland China. Afterwards, the language was then heavily influenced by local languages from [[Sino-Tibetan]], [[Hmong–Mien]], or other families, borrowing much vocabulary and [[language convergence|converging]] [[language typology|typologically]].<ref name="Sagart">http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/09/09/06/PDF/THE_HIGHER_PHYLOGENY_OF_AUSTRONESIAN.pdf Sagart, L. 2004. The higher phylogeny of Austronesian and the position of Tai–Kadai. ''Oceanic Linguistics'' 43.411-440.</ref><ref name="Stratification in the peopling of China: how far does the linguistic evidence match genetics and archaeology?">[http://rogerblench.info/Genetics/Geneva%20paper%202004.pdf Stratification in the peopling of China: how far does the linguistic evidence match genetics and archaeology?]</ref> Much closer to the present, some peoples speaking Tai languages migrated southward over the mountains into Southeast Asia, perhaps prompted by the coming of the [[Han Chinese]] to [[Northern and southern China|south China]].
 
Linguistic heritage is not synonymous with genetic heritage, because of [[language shift]] where populations learn new languages. Tai people tend to have very high frequencies of Y-DNA [[Haplogroup O2a (Y-DNA)|HaplogroupY-DNA haplogroup O2a]] with moderate frequencies of Y-DNA haplogroups O2a1 and [[Haplogroup O1 (Y-DNA)|O1]]. However, it is believed that the [[Haplogroup O1 (Y-DNA)|O1 Y-DNA haplogroup]] is associated with both the [[Austronesian people]] and the Tai. The prevalence of Y-DNA Haplogrouphaplogroup O1 among Austronesian and Tai peoples also suggests a common ancestry with the [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]], [[Austro-Asiatic languages|Austro-Asiatic]], and [[Hmong–Mien languages|Hmong–Mien]] peoples some 35,000 years ago in China.<ref name="Y-DNA Haplogroup O and its Subclades - 2007">[http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpO07.html Y-DNA Haplogroup O and its Subclades – 2007]</ref> Y-DNA haplogroup O2a is found at high frequency among most Tai peoples, which is a trait that they share with the neighboring ethnic [[Austro-Asiatic languages|Austro-Asiatic]] peoples of Yunnan in southern china. Y-DNA Haplogroupshaplogroups O1 and O2a are [[subclade]]s of [[Haplogroup O (Y-DNA)|O Y-DNA haplogroup]], which itself is a [[subclade]] of [[Haplogroup K (Y-DNA)|Y-DNA Haplogrouphaplogroup K]], a genetic mutation that is believed to have originated 40,000 years ago, somewhere between [[Iran]] and Central China.<ref name="Y-DNA Human Migration">[http://www.kerchner.com/images/dna/ydna_migrationmap_(FTDNA2006).jpg Y-DNA Human Migration]</ref>
 
==Tai groups and names==
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