Content deleted Content added
→Operation: tag |
→Operation: add ref |
||
Line 12:
A [[polymeric]] PTC device comprises a non-conductive [[Crystallinity|crystalline]] organic polymer matrix that is loaded with [[carbon black]] particles to make it conductive. While cool, the polymer is in a crystalline state, with the carbon forced into the regions between crystals, forming many conductive chains. Since it is conductive (the "initial resistance"), it will pass a current. If too much current is passed through the device the device will begin to heat. As the device heats, the polymer will expand, changing from a crystalline into an [[amorphous]] state. The expansion separates the carbon particles and breaks the conductive pathways, causing the resistance of the device to increase. This will cause the device to heat faster and expand more, further raising the resistance. This increase in resistance substantially reduces the current in the circuit. A small current still flows through the device and is sufficient to maintain the temperature at a level which will keep it in the high resistance state. The device can be said to have latching functionality. The hold current is the maximum current at which the device is guaranteed not to trip. The trip current is the current at which the device is guaranteed to trip.<ref>{{cite book|title=Machine Design|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KyNJAQAAIAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Penton/IPC}}</ref>
When power is removed, the heating due to the holding current will stop and the PPTC device will cool. As the device cools, it regains its original crystalline structure and returns to a low resistance state where it can hold the current as specified for the device.<ref name="Council1995">{{cite book|author=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. San Francisco Bay Area Council|title=WESCON Conference Record|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JdInAQAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Western Electronic Show and Convention.}}</ref> This cooling usually takes a few seconds, though a tripped device will retain a slightly higher resistance for hours, slowly approaching the initial resistance value. The resetting will often not take place even if the fault alone has been removed with the power still flowing as the operating current may be above the holding current of the PPTC. The device may not return to its original resistance value; it will most likely stabilize at a significantly higher resistance (up to 4 times initial value). It could take hours, days, weeks or even years for the device to return to a resistance value similar to its original value, if at all.<ref>http://www.te.com/content/dam/te-com/documents/circuit-protection/global/CPD-Catalog/S11_PolySwitch-Fundamentals.pdf</ref>
Since a PPTC device has an inherently higher resistance than a metallic fuse or circuit breaker at ambient temperature, it may be difficult or impossible to use in circuits that cannot tolerate significant reductions in operating voltage, forcing the engineer to choose the latter in a design.{{cn}}
| |||