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==Background==
Following Ottoman military failures in the [[First Balkan War]], [[Grand Vizier]] [[Kâmil Pasha]] was overthrown by a [[1913 Ottoman coup d'état|CUP-led coup]] in January 1913.<ref name=HK/> Kâmil Pasha was hostile to the CUP, and had been determined to use his appointment to destroy the party.
After the coup the CUP was able to bring the cabinet under its control. Following the assassination of the new Grand Vizier [[Mahmud Shevket Pasha]] in June, the CUP was able to crush its political rival, the [[Liberal Entente]], whose supporters had been involved in the assassination. The Entente was also weakened as the Empire lost territory in the Balkans, where many of its Christian supporters were based. The CUP made efforts to win support in the Arab provinces by making conciliatory gestures to Arab leaders, which also weakened Arab support for the Entente and enabled the CUP to call elections with unionists holding the upper hand.<ref name=HK/>
==Conduct==
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