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==Biology==
The Cavendish Laboratory has had an important influence on [[biology]], mainly through the application of [[X-ray crystallography]] to the study of structures of biological molecules. [[Francis Crick]] already worked in the Medical Research Council Unit, headed by [[Max Perutz]]<ref name=perutz>{{Cite journal | last1 = Blow | first1 = D. M. | authorlink = David Mervyn Blow| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.2004.0016 | title = [[Max Perutz|Max Ferdinand Perutz]] OM CH CBE. 19 May 1914 - 6 February 2002: Elected F.R.S. 1954 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 50 | pages = 227–256 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15768489| jstor = 4140521| pmc = }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Fersht | first1 = A. R. | authorlink = Alan Fersht| title = [[Max Perutz|Max Ferdinand Perutz]] OM FRS | doi = 10.1038/nsb0402-245 | journal = Nature Structural Biology | volume = 9 | issue = 4 | pages = 245–246 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11914731| pmc = | doi-access = free }}</ref> and housed in the Cavendish Laboratory, when [[James Watson]] came from the United States and they made a breakthrough in discovering the structure of [[DNA]]. For their work while in the Cavendish Laboratory, they were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962, together with [[Maurice Wilkins]] of King's College London, himself a graduate of St. John's College, Cambridge.
The discovery was made on 28 February 1953; the first Watson/Crick paper appeared in ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' on 25 April 1953. Sir [[Lawrence Bragg]], the director of the Cavendish Laboratory, where Watson and Crick worked, gave a talk at [[Guy's Hospital]] Medical School in London on Thursday 14 May 1953 which resulted in an article by Ritchie Calder in the ''[[News Chronicle]]'' of London, on Friday 15 May 1953, entitled "Why You Are You. Nearer Secret of Life." The news reached readers of ''[[The New York Times]]'' the next day; Victor K. McElheny, in researching his biography, ''Watson and DNA: Making a Scientific Revolution'', found a clipping of a six-paragraph ''New York Times'' article written from London and dated 16 May 1953 with the headline "Form of `Life Unit' in Cell Is Scanned." The article ran in an early edition and was then pulled to make space for news deemed more important. (''The New York Times'' subsequently ran a longer article on 12 June 1953). The Cambridge University undergraduate newspaper ''[[Varsity (Cambridge)|Varsity]]'' also ran its own short article on the discovery on Saturday 30 May 1953. Bragg's original announcement of the discovery at a [[Solvay Conference]] on [[proteins]] in Belgium on 8 April 1953 went unreported by the British press.
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# Sir [[Owen Willans Richardson]] (Physics, 1928)
# Sir [[James Chadwick]] (Physics, 1935)
# Sir [[George Paget Thomson]]<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Moon | first1 = P. B. | authorlink1 = Philip Burton Moon| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1977.0020 | title = [[George Paget Thomson]] 3 May 1892 -- 10 September 1975 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 23 | pages = 529 | year = 1977 | pmid = | pmc = | doi-access = free }}</ref> (Physics, 1937)
# Sir [[Edward Victor Appleton]] (Physics, 1947)
# [[Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett]] (Physics, 1948)
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# Sir [[William Lawrence Bragg]] CH OBE MC FRS 1938–1953
# Sir [[Nevill Francis Mott]] CH FRS 1954–1971
# Sir [[Brian Pippard]] FRS<ref name=pippard>{{Cite journal | last1 = Longair | first1 = M. S. | authorlink1 = Malcolm Longair| last2 = Waldram | first2 = J. R. | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.2009.0014 | title = Sir [[Brian Pippard|Alfred Brian Pippard]]. 7 September 1920 -- 21 September 2008 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 55 | pages = 201–220 | year = 2009 | pmid = | pmc = | doi-access = free }}</ref> 1971–1984
# Sir [[Sam Edwards (physicist)|Sam Edwards]] FRS 1984–1995
# Sir [[Richard Friend]] FRS FREng<ref name=friendswho/> 1995–present
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