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Taoyuan International Airport

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For the previous military use of this facility, see Taoyuan Air Base.

Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport (IATA: TPE, ICAO: RCTP) — also sometimes referred to as Taipei-Taoyuan International Airport — is an international airport situated in Taoyuan City that serves northern Taiwan, including the capital city Taipei. Located in Dayuan District, Taoyuan, about 40 km (25 mi) west of Taipei, the airport is the busiest and largest in Taiwan.[3] In 2016, it was ranked the best airport for its size in the Asia-Pacific region by Airports Council International.[4]

Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport

臺灣桃園國際機場
Summary
Airport typePublic
Owner/OperatorTaoyuan International Airport Corporation
Serves
LocationDayuan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Opened26 February 1979; 45 years ago (1979-02-26)
Hub for
Focus city for
Elevation AMSL33 m / 108 ft
Coordinates25°4′35″N 121°13′26″E / 25.07639°N 121.22389°E / 25.07639; 121.22389
Websitewww.taoyuan-airport.com
Maps
Map
TPE/RCTP is located in Taiwan
TPE/RCTP
TPE/RCTP
Location of airport in Taiwan
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
05L/23R[1] 3,660 12,008 Asphalt concrete
05R/23L 3,800 12,467 Asphalt concrete
Statistics (2023)
Number of passengers35,354,924
Increase 562%
Aircraft Movement201,771
Increase 79.36%
Airfreight Movements2,112,987.5 tonnes
Decrease 16.77%
Taoyuan International Airport
Traditional Chinese桃園國際機場
Simplified Chinese桃园国际机场
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinTáoyuán Gúojì Jīchǎng
Bopomofoㄊㄠˊ ㄩㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧˋ ㄐㄧ ㄔㄤˇ
Southern Min
Hokkien POJThô-hn̂g Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ
Chiang Kai-shek International Airport
Traditional Chinese中正國際機場
Simplified Chinese中正国际机场
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhōngzhèng Guójì Jīchǎng
Southern Min
Hokkien POJTiong-chèng Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ

The airport opened for commercial operations in 1979 as Chiang Kai-shek International Airport (中正國際機場) and was renamed in 2006.[5] It is an important regional transshipment center, passenger hub, and gateway for destinations in Asia, and is one of two international airports that serve Taipei. The other, Taipei Songshan Airport, is located within the city limits and served as Taipei's only international airport until 1979.[6] Songshan now mainly serves chartered flights, intra-island flights, and limited international flights.

In 2018, Taoyuan International Airport handled a record 46.5 million passengers and 2.3 billion kg (2½ million tons) of freight, making it the 11th busiest airport worldwide by international passenger traffic, and 8th busiest in terms of international freight traffic in 2018.[7][2][8] It is the main international hub for China Airlines, EVA Air and Starlux Airlines. It is also a hub of Mandarin Airlines, Uni Air and Tigerair Taiwan.

History

In the 1970s, the original airport in Taipei City — Taipei Songshan Airport — had become overcrowded and could not be expanded due to space limitations. Thus, a new airport was planned to alleviate congestion.[6] The new airport opened (with Terminal 1) on 26 February 1979,[5] as part of the Ten Major Construction Projects pursued by the government in the 1970s. The airport was originally planned under the name Taoyuan International Airport but was later changed to Chiang Kai-shek International Airport in memory of former President Chiang Kai-shek.[9]

The airport is the main hub of China Airlines, the Republic of China's flag carrier, as well as EVA Air, a private airline established in 1989. Overcrowding of the airport in recent years prompted the construction of Terminal 2, which was opened on 29 July 2000,[5] with half of its gates operational; EVA Air was the first airline to move into Terminal 2. The remaining gates opened on 21 January 2005 for China Airlines, making China Airlines the only airline to operate from both terminals.[10]

The airport has announced construction plans for a third terminal. In October 2015, the design of British firm Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners, founded by Pritzker Architecture Prize-laureate Richard Rogers, was chosen for the 640,000-square-metre (6,900,000 sq ft) Terminal 3. Over US$2.3 billion will be poured into the project, among the most costly constructions in modern Taiwanese history. The terminal is expected to be opened in 2026 and accommodate 45 million passengers per year, boosting the yearly capacity of the airport to 86 million passengers.[11][12]

Formerly known as Chiang Kai-shek International Airport, it was renamed on 6 September 2006 to its current name.[5] The airport, originally planned as Taoyuan International Airport, bore the name of late President Chiang Kai-shek until 2006.[5] In Chinese, its former name was literally "Chung-Cheng (Zhongzheng) International Airport", where Chung-Cheng is the legal given name that Chiang Kai-shek had used since the 1910s.[13] In Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek is associated with the Chinese Nationalist Party or Kuomintang and its many years of one-party authoritarian rule.[9] Local officials in Taoyuan City and members of the Pan-Green Coalition often referred to the hub by the name originally associated with it: "Taoyuan International Airport".[14] News organizations and local residents sometimes combined the two commonly used names as "Taoyuan Chung-Cheng Airport."[14][15]

The Executive Yuan of then-President Chen Shui-bian's administration officially approved the name Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport for the hub on 6 September 2006.[16][17][18][19] The opposition Kuomintang, which together with its political allies held a one-vote majority in the Legislative Yuan, decried the change and proposed "Taiwan Taoyuan Chiang Kai-shek International Airport" instead.[20] The disagreement, like those affecting the names of the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall and other landmarks in Taiwan, stands as another manifestation of the Taiwan localization efforts by pan-Green officials and resistance against it by Pan-Blue Coalition.[9] The media in mainland China has always referred to the airport as "Taoyuan International Airport" so as to avoid mentioning Chiang Kai-shek.[citation needed]

Terminals

Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport currently has two terminals, which are connected by two short people movers.[21] The third terminal is under construction, while the fourth terminal is planned, however plans may be halted. The Taoyuan Airport MRT links the terminals together underground, and provides transportation to Taipei City.[22][23]

Terminal 1

 
Aerial view of Terminal 1
 
Renovated arrival hall

Terminal 1 is the original passenger terminal of the Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport. The building was designed by Chinese-born, Taiwanese-American structural engineer Tung-Yen Lin and influenced by Eero Saarinen's Washington Dulles International Airport.[24][25] The five-storey, 169,500 m2 (1,824,000 sq ft) terminal, along with the airport, opened in 1979 to relieve the overcrowded Taipei Songshan Airport.[26] All international flights were moved to the airport following the completion of this terminal. Terminal 1 featured 22 gates. A row of 11 gates are located on the north end of the airfield facing the north runway and another row of 11 gates are located on the south end airfield facing the south runway. The two concourses that contained the airplane gates are linked together by a main building that contained the check-in areas, baggage claim, passport immigration areas, and security checkpoint areas. Together, they form a giant "H". All gates are equipped with jetways. Gates located at the end of the concourses have one jetway and also reducing people and gates not located at the end of the concourses have two jetways. The terminal was originally white in color when it first opened. As the years gradually passed, the façade and color became more tan and yellow colored due to age, while also helped by the air pollution in Taipei.

After the completion of Terminal 2, some gates from Terminal 1 were removed to make space for Terminal 2. Currently, Terminal 1 has 18 gates.[27] Alphabetical letters were introduced when Terminal 2 was completed. The North Concourse is now Concourse A, and the South Concourse is now Concourse B. Before Terminal 2, gates were numbered from 1 to 22. China Airlines uses Concourse A for the majority of its flights in Terminal 1, while the third largest carrier of the airport, Cathay Pacific, operates most of its flights at Concourse B.

In 2012, the renovation project of the terminal, designed by Japanese architect Norihiko Dan,[28] was completed, doubling the floor area, expanding check-in counters, increasing shopping areas and expanding car-parking facilities. Part of the project was the complete redesigning of both the exterior and interior of the terminal. The capacity of Terminal 1 is 15 million passengers per year.[citation needed] This renovation received the 2014 Taiwan Architecture Award from the Taiwan Architects Association.[29]

Terminal 2

 
Departure hall
 
Arrival hall

Terminal 2 opened in 2000 to reduce heavy congestion in the aging Terminal 1.[30] Only the South Concourse had been completed by the time the terminal opened. The South Concourse alone has 10 gates, each with 2 jetways and their own security checkpoints. The North Concourse opened later in 2005, bringing the total number of gates for Terminal 2 to 20 gates; the security checkpoints were moved to a central location in front of the passport control. The 318,000-m2 facility is capable of handling 17 million passengers per year.[30]

The Southern and Northern Concourses are also known as Concourse C and Concourse D, respectively. Terminals 1 and 2 are connected by two short people mover lines, with one from Concourse A to D and the other from B to C. China Airlines uses Concourse D for the majority of its flights in Terminal 2 while EVA Air uses Concourse C for most of its operations.

A renovation planned to increase the terminal's annual passenger capacity by 5 million to 22 million per annum was announced in 2018.[citation needed]. Terminal 2 renovation was completed in 2020.

Terminal 3 (under construction)

Further information: Taoyuan International Airport § Terminal 3 construction

Construction of Terminal 3 is part of the expansion project of Taoyuan International Airport. The 540,000 square meter Terminal 3 is designed by Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners and will accommodate 45 million passengers per year.[11] The new terminal was originally planned to be opened in 2020. However, the project has been delayed, which postpones its targeted completion to 2026.[12]

Terminal 4 (plans halted)

Originally part of the expansion project was a new Terminal 4. However, due to the vast amount of construction, the Ministry of Transportation ordered the airport company to halt the project in order to minimize traveller inconvenience.[31]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter services at Taoyuan International Airport:

AirlinesDestinations
Aero K Cheongju
AirAsia Kota Kinabalu
AirAsia X Kuala Lumpur–International, Osaka–Kansai[32]
Air Busan Busan
Air China Beijing–Capital, Chengdu–Tianfu, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Shanghai–Pudong
Air Macau Macau
Air New Zealand Auckland
Asiana Airlines Seoul–Incheon
Batik Air Malaysia Kuala Lumpur–International, Nagoya–Centrair, Naha, Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Narita
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong, Nagoya–Centrair,[33] Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Narita
Cebu Pacific Manila
China Airlines Amsterdam, Auckland, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beijing–Capital, Brisbane, Busan, Cebu, Chengdu–Tianfu, Chiang Mai, Da Nang, Denpasar, Frankfurt, Fukuoka, Guangzhou, Hanoi, Hiroshima, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Kagoshima,[34] Koror, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kumamoto, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Manila, Melbourne, Nagoya–Centrair, Naha, New York–JFK, Ontario (CA), Osaka–Kansai, Penang, Phnom Penh, Prague, Rome–Fiumicino, San Francisco, Sapporo–Chitose, Seattle/Tacoma,[35] Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen, Singapore, Sydney, Takamatsu, Tokyo–Narita, Toyama,[36] Vancouver, Vienna, Yangon
Seasonal charter: Phoenix–Sky Harbor[37]
China Eastern Airlines Nanjing, Ningbo, Qingdao, Shanghai–Pudong, Wuhan
China Southern Airlines Guangzhou, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen, Wuhan, Zhengzhou
Delta Air Lines Seattle/Tacoma[38]
Eastar Jet Cheongju,[39][40] Jeju, Seoul–Incheon[41][42]
Emirates Dubai–International
EVA Air Amsterdam, Aomori (resumes 29 October 2024),[43] Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beijing–Capital, Brisbane, Cebu, Chengdu–Tianfu, Chiang Mai, Chicago–O'Hare, Clark, Da Nang, Denpasar, Fukuoka, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Houston–Intercontinental, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Komatsu, Kuala Lumpur–International, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Macau, Manila, Matsuyama,[44] Milan–Malpensa, Munich, Naha, New York–JFK, Osaka–Kansai, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Phnom Penh, San Francisco, Sapporo–Chitose, Seattle/Tacoma, Sendai, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Singapore, Tianjin, Tokyo–Narita, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver, Vienna
Greater Bay Airlines Hong Kong
Hainan Airlines Beijing–Capital, Guangzhou
HK Express Hong Kong
Hong Kong Airlines Hong Kong
Japan Airlines Nagoya–Centrair, Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Narita
Japan Transocean Air Charter: Naha
Jeju Air Busan, Daegu, Seoul–Incheon
Seasonal: Muan[45]
Jetstar Japan Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Narita
Jin Air Busan,[46] Daegu, Seoul–Incheon
Seasonal charter: Cheongju
Juneyao Air Shanghai–Pudong
KLM Amsterdam
Korean Air Busan, Seoul–Incheon
Malaysia Airlines Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur–International
Mandarin Airlines Shenyang, Xiamen
Myanmar Airways International Mandalay, Yangon
Peach Nagoya–Centrair, Naha, Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita
Philippine Airlines Manila
Philippines AirAsia Manila
Royal Air Philippines Caticlan
Charter: Puerto Princesa[47]
Royal Brunei Airlines Bandar Seri Begawan
Scoot Sapporo–Chitose, Seoul–Incheon, Singapore, Tokyo–Narita
Shandong Airlines Qingdao
Shenzhen Airlines Shenzhen
Singapore Airlines Singapore
Spring Airlines Shanghai–Pudong
StarFlyer Nagoya–Centrair
Charter: Kitakyushu
Starlux Airlines Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Cebu, Chiang Mai,[48] Clark, Da Nang, Fukuoka, Hakodate,[49] Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong,[50] Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta,[51] Kuala Lumpur–International, Kumamoto, Los Angeles, Macau, Nagoya–Centrair, Naha, Osaka–Kansai, Penang, Phu Quoc,[52] San Francisco,[53] Sapporo–Chitose, Seattle/Tacoma,[54] Sendai, Singapore, Tokyo–Narita
Thai AirAsia Bangkok–Don Mueang, Chiang Mai, Naha[55]
Thai Airways International Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi
Thai Lion Air Bangkok–Don Mueang, Phuket, Tokyo–Narita
Charter: Surat Thani[56]
Thai Summer Airways Bangkok–Don Mueang
Thai VietJet Air Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Osaka–Kansai
Tigerair Taiwan Akita,[57] Busan, Daegu, Da Nang, Fukuoka, Fukushima,[58] Hakodate, Hanamaki, Ibaraki, Jeju, Kōchi, Komatsu, Macau, Nagoya–Centrair, Naha, Niigata, Okayama, Osaka–Kansai, Phuket,[59] Phu Quoc,[59] Saga, Sapporo–Chitose, Sendai, Seoul–Incheon, Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita
Charter: Kalibo, Puerto Princesa
Turkish Airlines Istanbul
T'way Air Cheongju, Daegu, Jeju
Uni Air Shenzhen
United Airlines San Francisco
VietJet Air Can Tho, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Phu Quoc[60]
Charter: Da Nang, Nha Trang
Vietnam Airlines Ho Chi Minh City
Charter: Can Tho, Da Nang
Vietravel Airlines Charter: Phu Quoc[61]
XiamenAir Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Xiamen

Cargo

AirlinesDestinations
Air China Cargo Shanghai–Pudong
ANA Cargo Naha, Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Narita
Atlas Air Amsterdam, Anchorage, Hanoi, Los Angeles, Tokyo–Narita
Cargolux[62] Ashgabat, Almaty, Baku, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beirut, Budapest, Ho Chi Minh City, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuwait City, Luxembourg, Milan–Malpensa, Mumbai, Novosibirsk, Seoul–Incheon, Vienna
Cathay Cargo Hong Kong, Tokyo–Narita
China Airlines Cargo Amsterdam, Anchorage, Atlanta, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Boston, Chicago–O'Hare, Chongqing, Christchurch,[63] Columbus–Rickenbacker, Dallas/Fort Worth, Delhi, Dubai–Al Maktoum, Frankfurt, Guangzhou, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Houston–Intercontinental, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Kuala Lumpur–International, Los Angeles, Luxembourg, Manila, Miami, Mumbai, Nanjing, New York–JFK, Osaka–Kansai, Penang, Prague, San Francisco, Seattle/Tacoma, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen, Singapore, Tokyo–Narita, Xiamen, Zhengzhou
China Cargo Airlines Shanghai–Pudong, Xiamen
China Postal Airlines Fuzhou
DHL Aviation Hong Kong, Nagoya–Centrair,[64] Singapore[65]
Emirates SkyCargo Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Dubai–Al Maktoum
EVA Air Cargo Anchorage, Atlanta, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Chicago–O'Hare, Chongqing, Dallas/Fort Worth, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Los Angeles, New York–JFK, Osaka–Kansai, Seattle/Tacoma, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen, Singapore,[66] Toronto–Pearson
FedEx Express Anchorage, Auckland, Clark, Hong Kong, Indianapolis, Memphis, Osaka–Kansai, Penang, Singapore, Tokyo–Narita
Hong Kong Air Cargo Hong Kong
JAL Cargo Tokyo–Narita[67]
Lufthansa Cargo Frankfurt, Riyadh[68]
Nippon Cargo AirlinesKitakyushu, Seoul–Incheon, Tokyo–Narita
Polar Air Cargo Cincinnati, Hong Kong, Los Angeles, Nagoya–Centrair, Tokyo–Narita
SF Airlines Guangzhou, Ningbo, Shenzhen
Suparna Airlines Cargo Guangzhou
Turkish Cargo Almaty, Istanbul, Seoul–Incheon, Tashkent
UPS Airlines Anchorage, Clark, Cologne/Bonn, Louisville, Mumbai, Seoul–Incheon

Statistics

Annual passenger traffic at TPE airport. See Wikidata query.
Operations and Statistics[2]
Year Passenger
movements 		Airfreight
movements
(kg) 		Aircraft
movement
2014 35,804,465 2,088,726,700 208,874
2015 38,473,333 2,021,865,100 221,191
2016 42,296,322 2,097,228,400 244,464
2017 44,878,703 2,269,585,324 246,104
2018 46,535,180 2,322,820,000 256,069
2019 48,689,372 2,182,341,790 265,625
2020 7,438,325 2,342,714,268 118,449
2021 909,012 2,812,065,300 106,893
2022 5,342,448 2,538,768,300 112,496
2023 35,277,452 2,112,987,500 201,771
Capacity[citation needed]
Passenger (T1 & T2 current) 37,000,000
Passenger (T1, T2 & T3 2025) 82,000,000
Cargo (current) 1.7m tonnes

Busiest routes

Busiest Routes (2023)[69]
Rank City Passengers % Change 2023 / 19 Airport Passengers Carriers 2023 (largest carrier bolded)
1   Hong Kong 3,489,592   42.9% Hong Kong 3,489,592 China Airlines, EVA Air, Cathay Pacific, Cathay Dragon, Greater Bay Airlines, HK Express, Hong Kong Airlines
2   Tokyo 2,693,224   13.3% Narita 2,572,580 All Nippon Airways, Cathay Pacific, China Airlines, EVA Air, Japan Airlines, Peach, Scoot, Starlux, Thai Lion Air, Tigerair Taiwan
Haneda 220,644 Peach, Tigerair Taiwan
3   Bangkok 2,245,745   6.4% Suvarnabhumi 1,968,891 China Airlines, EVA Air, KLM, Starlux, Thai Airways, Thai Vietjet
Don Mueang 319,102 Tigerair Taiwan, Thai Air Asia, Thai Lion Air
4   Osaka 2,215,491   18.4% Kansai 2,215,491 Batik Air, Cathay Pacific, China Airlines, EVA Air, Japan Airlines, Peach, Starlux, Thai Vietjet, Tigerair Taiwan
5   Seoul 2,038,282   23.2% Incheon 2,038,282 Asiana Airlines, China Airlines, EVA Air, Eastar Jet, Jeju Air, Jin Air, KLM, Korean Air, Scoot, Tigerair Taiwan
6   Singapore 1,863,777   3.3% Changi 1,863,777 China Airlines, EVA Air, Singapore Airlines, Scoot, Starlux
7   Manila 1,453,052   16.9% Ninoy Aquino 1,320,063 Cebu Pacific, China Airlines, EVA Air, KLM, Philippine Airlines, Philippines AirAsia, Starlux
Clark 132,989 Philippines AirAsia
8   Los Angeles 1,228,367   21.2% Los Angeles 1,042,877 China Airlines, EVA Air, Starlux
Ontario 185,490 China Airlines
9   San Francisco 1,134,776   11.4% San Francisco 1,134,776 China Airlines, EVA Air, Starlux, United Airlines
10   Ho Chi Minh City 1,120,656   16.8% Tan Son Nhat 1,120,656 China Airlines, EVA Air, Starlux, Vietnam Airlines, Vietjet Air
11   Shanghai 992,710   42.9% Pudong 992,710 Air China, China Airlines, China Eastern, China Southern, EVA Air, Juneyao Airlines, Spring Airlines
12   Kuala Lumpur 989,589   15.6% Kuala Lumpur 989,589 Air Asia X, Batik Air, China Airlines, EVA Air, Malaysia Airlines, Starlux
13   Naha 808,713   34.8% Naha 808,713 Batik Air, China Airlines, EVA Air, Peach, Starlux, Tigerair Taiwan
14   Sapporo 793,679   8.6% New Chitose 793,679 Batik Air, China Airlines, EVA Air, Peach, Scoot, Starlux, Tigerair Taiwan
15   Hanoi 787,734   1.3% Noi Bai 787,734 Bamboo Airways, China Airlines, EVA Air, Starlux, Vietjet Air, Vietnam Airlines
16   Fukuoka 785,310   10.3% Fukuoka 785,310 China Airlines, EVA Air, Starlux, Tigerair Taiwan
17   Macau 640,667   50.3% Macau 640,667 Air Macau, EVA Air, Starlux, Tigerair Taiwan
18   Busan 541,017   30.6% Gimhae 541,017 Air Busan, China Airlines, Korean Air, Jeju Air, Jin Air, Tigerair Taiwan
19   Da Nang 480,524   221.2% Da Nang 480,524 Bamboo Airways, China Airlines, EVA Air, Starlux, Tigerair Taiwan, Vietjet Air
20   Nagoya 432,705   51.6% Chubu Centrair 432,705 Batik Air, Cathay Pacific, China Airlines, EVA Air, Peach, Tigerair Taiwan
Top Carriers (2023)[2]
Rank Airline Passengers Alliance Carrier Passengers
1   EVA Air 10,445,834 Star Alliance EVA Air 10,398,228
Uni Air 47,606
2   China Airlines 8,401,617 SkyTeam China Airlines 8,298,905
Mandarin Airlines 102,712
3   Starlux Airlines 2,658,173 Starlux Airlines 2,658,173
4   Tigerair Taiwan 1,849,152 Tigerair Taiwan 1,849,152
5   Cathay Pacific 1,555,201 Oneworld Cathay Pacific 1,555,201
6   Scoot 1,253,061 Value Alliance Scoot 1,253,061
7   Peach 872,404 Peach 872,404
8   HK Express 391,881 HK Express 391,881
9   Singapore Airlines 373,094 Star Alliance Singapore Airlines 373,094
10   Korean Airlines 362,818 SkyTeam Korean Airlines 362,818
11   Asiana Airlines 359,575 Star Alliance Asiana Airlines 359,575
12   VietJet Air 353,590 VietJet Air 353,590
13   China Southern Airlines 348,120 China Southern Airlines 348,120
14   Jin Air 310,319 Jin Air 310,319
15   Jeju Air 307,437 Value Alliance Jeju Air 307,437
16   Hong Kong Airlines 303,415 Hong Kong Airlines 303,415
17   Emirates 298,649 Emirates 298,649
18   AirAsia X 281,193 AirAsia X 281,193
19   Air China 276,537 Star Alliance Air China 276,537
20   Thai VietJet Air 275,845 Thai VietJet Air 275,845
21   Batik Air Malaysia 273,863 Batik Air Malaysia 273,863
22   United Airlines 269,608 Star Alliance United Airlines 269,608
23   China Eastern Airlines 257,202 SkyTeam China Eastern Airlines 257,202
24   Cebu Pacific 226,254 Cebu Pacific 226,254
25   T'Way Air 205,832 T'Way Air 205,832
Top Countries (2023)[2]
Rank Country/Region Passengers 2023 % Change 2023 / 19 Passengers 2019
1   Japan 10,723,075   1.2% 10,855,640
2 (1 )   Hong Kong 4,332,695   29.1% 6,109,841
3 (1 )   South Korea 3,540,689   15.2% 4,174,175
4 (2 )   China 3,411,211   42.3% 8,060,472
5   United States 3,336,318   8.3% 3,080,558
6 (1 )   Vietnam 3,125,181   35.3% 2,309,352
7 (1 )   Thailand 2,733,750   4.3% 2,620,847
8   Philippines 1,902,700   13.9% 2,209,269
9   Singapore 1,866,478   3.1% 1,926,444
10   Malaysia 1,310,310   10.2% 1,459,480
11   Macau 792,003   38.6% 1,290,114
12   Indonesia 717,864   5.4% 758,698
13   Canada 661,736   11.2% 745,525
14   Australia 455,111   20.0% 568,987
15 (New )   Germany 319,148   54.0% 207,284

Airport facilities

Operations

 
The new control tower

The airport is operated by the Taoyuan International Airport Corporation, a company wholly owned by the Government of Taiwan. The Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) is responsible for the provision of air traffic control services, certification of Taiwan registered aircraft, and the regulation of general civil aviation activities.

The airport has two parallel runways, with one 3660 meters in length and another 3800 meters in length and both 60 meters wide, enabling them to cater to the next generation of aircraft. Both runways have been given a Category II Precision Approach, which allows pilots to land in only 350-metre visibility. The two runways have an ultimate capacity of over 60 aircraft movements an hour. The Airport is upgrading ATC and runways.

There are 41 frontal stands at the main passenger concourse, 15 remote stands and 25 cargo stands. In 2015, the airport was the 11th busiest airport worldwide in terms of international passenger numbers, and sixth busiest in terms of international freight traffic.[8]

The operation of scheduled air services to and from Taoyuan is facilitated by air services agreements between Taiwan and other countries. Since the opening of RCTP, the Taiwan Government has implemented a policy of progressive liberalisation of air services with the intention of promoting consumer choice and competition. Many low-cost airlines have started various regional routes to compete head-on with full-service carriers on trunk routes.

The airport's long term expansion opportunities are subject to variables. A NTD 300 billion proposal to build a third runway and a third terminal has been under feasibility study and consultation.

Terminal transit

 
The Skytrain shuttles passengers between Terminals 1 and 2

Transportation between Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 is provided by the TTIA Skytrain, which transports both passengers who have cleared security and those who have not through separate train cars. The Taoyuan Airport MRT also serves Terminal 1, Terminal 2, and the Airport Hotel, offerring free fare with an electronic ticket such as the EasyCard, IPASS (Taiwan), or icash2.0 [zh].[70]

Huan Yu VIP Terminal

Huan Yu VIP Terminal, also known as the Taoyuan Business Aviation Centre (TYBAC), began service in September 2011 and was officially opened in mid-October 2011.[71] The three-story facility has its own terminal and facilities separate from the public terminals. It provides a multimedia conference room, passenger lounge, private rooms and showers, spa, sauna, gym, and business centre facilities.[71] Other services provided include ground handling, baggage handling, fuelling, security, customs and flight planning. Passengers planning to utilize TYBAC must sign up (to the Taiwanese immigration service) 3 days before use and pay a one-time service charge.

Statistics showed that 376 private jets landed and departed the airport through a six-month timeframe in 2011; this is a 100 percent increase from the same timeframe in 2010.

E-gate

 
Stamp demonstrating successful enrollment

Passengers who are citizens of the R.O.C (Taiwan) with valid passports or non-citizens who have ROC (Taiwan) Resident Certificate (ARC/APRC) can register with facial features and fingerprints for the E-Gate. After registration, the passengers are able to choose either E-Gate or manual immigration clearance when entering or leaving the country.[72]

Baggage and cargo facilities

The handling and transportation of mail, passenger baggage, cargo, and the operation of aerobridges and passenger stairways in Taoyuan Airport is provided by Taoyuan International Airport Services Limited (TIAS) and Evergreen Airline Services (EGAS).

TTIA currently handles over 1.5 million tonnes of cargo annually. There are two air cargo terminals in the airport: one operated by Taiwan Air Cargo Terminals Limited and the other operated by Evergreen Air Cargo Services.

Aircraft maintenance services

China Airlines Engineering and Maintenance Organization (CALEMO) and Evergreen Aviation Technologies (EGAT) both offers maintenance services at the airport. With its huge base, CALEMO has a market share of over 75% [citation needed] and can offer maintenance service of five wide-body airliners and one narrow-body airliner simultaneously.[73] In addition, EGAT is capable of aircraft conversion programs, such as the Dreamlifter program.[citation needed]

In 2022 aerospace company Nordam opened a major components repair facility at Taoyuan, which will serve as their regional hub replacing operations in Singapore.[74]

Ground transportation

 
Taoyuan Airport MRT Commuter (left) and Express (right) trains.

Bus

Frequent buses link the airport to Taipei,[75] Taoyuan,[76] Zhongli,[77] Taichung,[78] Banqiao,[79] Changhua,[80] and THSR's Taoyuan Station.[81] Bus terminals are present at both terminals.

Rail

Taxi

Taxi queues are outside the arrival halls of both terminals and are available 24 hours a day. They are metered and subject to a 15-percent surcharge.[84]

Car rental

Car rentals are available at both terminals.[85] The airport is served by National Highway No. 2.

Other facilities

CAL Park

 
CAL Park, the headquarters for China Airlines

China Airlines has its headquarters, CAL Park,[86] on the grounds of Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport. CAL Park, located at the airport entrance forms a straight line with Terminal 1, Terminal 2, and the future Terminal 3.[87]

Airport hotels

Located adjacent to the Aviation Museum(now closed) and the convention center is the Novotel Taipei Taoyuan International Airport, which opened in November 2009. The 360-room hotel is equipped with restaurants, recreation and fitness centers, and a hair salon and spa.[88]

Aviation museum

The Chung Cheng Aviation Museum was located in the south-eastern area of the airport between the main freeway entrance and the terminals. It was built in 1981 by Boeing under CAA contract.[89] Many retired Republic of China Air Force fighters are represented here. Its purpose is to preserve aviation history and provide public understanding of the civil aviation industry.[90] It is now currently closed due to the expansion and construction of the new Terminal 3.

Awards

Future developments

 
Planned future layout

Taoyuan International Airport is undergoing major facility-upgrading and expansion plans. While the South runway (05R/23L) just completed its renovation in January 2015, construction started at the North runway (05L/23R) in March 2015. The runway renovations involve upgrading the runway to Category III and improving the surface conditions.[92] On the other hand, two Terminal 2 gates, C2 and D6, had additional jet bridges installed to accommodate the A380 aircraft. After the runway and jetbridge upgrades, the airport will be able to allow regular A380 operations, with likely carriers being Emirates, China Southern and Singapore Airlines.[93]

Plans are also underway for the construction of Terminal 3, satellite terminal, and the third runway. Terminal 3 is designed by Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners and is expected to have an annual capacity of 45 million passengers.[11] Specific plans for the satellite terminal have not been announced. The third runway is expected to be completed by 2030.[94]

The master plan of the airport is the Taoyuan Aerotropolis project, an urban plan aimed at creating an industrial area surrounding Taoyuan Airport. The aerotropolis will take advantage of the competitive local infrastructure to attract developments and help stimulate economic growth. The total area, including the "yolk" airport area and the "white" area, will exceed 6845 hectares. The Terminal 3 and third runway plans are all part of the "yolk" area projects, with the projected expected to be completed by 2023.[95] However, the project has been delayed due to land resumption controversies.[96]

Terminal 2 expansion

With the unanticipated rise of the number of passengers, the Ministry of Transportation has planned an expansion project for Terminal 2, increasing its capacity by 5 million passengers per year from 17 mil to 22 mil.[97]

Terminal 3 construction

 
Terminal 3 under construction in July 2021
 
Terminal 3 under construction in May 2023

In October 2015, it was announced that RSHP won the bid to design the 640,000 square meter terminal. Structures will include a processor (main terminal building), two concourses, and a multi-functional building to connect the terminal with Terminal 2. The processor will have a wave-like roof structure from which lights will be hung. The lights will move up and down to reflect the flow of passengers. Terminal 3 was initially expected to be completed in 2020 and will be able to handle up to 50 million passengers per year, thus increasing the overall yearly capacity of the airport to over 90 million passengers.[11] It is now scheduled to be complete by 2026.[98]

Accidents and incidents

See also

Notes

References

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