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Naïve art

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For the Red Flag album, see Naïve Art (album).

Naïve art is a classification of art that is often characterized by a childlike simplicity in its subject matter and technique. While many naïve artists appear, from their works, to have little or no formal art training, this is often not true. The words "naïve" and "primitive" are regarded as pejoratives and are, therefore, avoided by many.[1]

Henri Rousseau's The Repast of the Lion (circa 1907), an example of naïve art

Characteristics

The term naïve art[2] is often seen as outsider art which is without a formal (or little) training or degree. While this was true before the twentieth century, there are now academies for naïve art. Naïve art is now a fully recognized art genre, represented in art galleries worldwide.

The characteristics of naïve art are an awkward relationship to the formal qualities of painting. Especially non-respect of the 3 rules of the perspective (such as defined by the Progressive Painters of the Renaissance) :

1° decrease of the size of objects proportionally at the distance,
2° enfeeblement of colors with the distance,
3° decrease of the precision of details with the distance,

The results are :

1° effects of perspective geometrically erroneous (awkward aspect of the works, children's drawings look, or medieval painting look, but the comparison stops there)
2° strong use of pattern, unrefined color on all the plans of the composition, without enfeeblement in the background,
3° an equal accuracy brought to details, including those of the background which should be shaded off.

Simplicity rather than subtlety are all supposed markers of naïve art. It has, however, become such a popular and recognizable style that many examples could be called pseudo-naïve.

Whereas naïve art ideally describes the work of an artist who did not receive formal education in an art school or academy, for example Henri Rousseau or Alfred Wallis, 'pseudo naïve' or 'faux naïve' art describes the work of an artist working in a more imitative or self-conscious mode and whose work can be seen as more imitative than original.

"Primitive art" is another term often applied to art by those without formal training, but is historically more often applied to work from certain cultures that have been judged socially or technologically "primitive" by Western academia, such as Native American, subsaharan African or Pacific Island art (see Tribal art). This is distinguished from the self-conscious, "primitive" inspired movement primitivism. Another term related to (but not completely synonymous with) naïve art is folk art.

There also exist the terms "naïvism" and "primitivism" which are usually applied to professional painters working in the style of naïve art (like Paul Gauguin, Mikhail Larionov, Paul Klee).[3]

Naïve artists

18th century

 
Example of Edward Hicks's work
 
Example of Niko Pirosmani's work: Childless Millionaire and a Poor Woman Blessed with Children.

19th century

20th century

 
Juego de Domino, Oil on canvas, 66 x 57 cm by Cuban artist José Rodríguez Fuster.

Museums and galleries

 
Anonymous painter from Pernambuco, Brazil: Landscape
 
Anonymous painter from Kharkov: Papa Gueye
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
Croatia
France
Germany
Hungary
Israel
Latvia
Portugal
Russia
Serbia
Spain
  • Manuel Moral International Museum of Naïve Art in Jaén[13]
USA


Associations

See also

References

  1. ^ Fine, p. 24
  2. ^ Nathalia Brodskaïa L'Art naïf éd. Parkstone International ISBN :9781859956687
  3. ^ Irina Arnoldova. Painter Sergey Zagraevsky: the view of an art critic
  4. ^ Mariner's Museum and Peluso, Anthony J., Jr., The Bard Brothers -- Painting America under Steam and Sail, Abrams, New York 1997 ISBN 0-8109-1240-6
  5. ^ [1]
  6. ^ Permanent member of Museum of Naïve and Marginal Art in Jagodina
  7. ^ "Croatian Museum of Naive Art". Retrieved 25 February 2011.
  8. ^ "Gallery of Croatian Naive Art". {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  9. ^ [2]
  10. ^ Official site
  11. ^ Museum.hu: Museum of Hungarian Naive Artists (Kecskemét) Template:Hu icon
  12. ^ Russian Museums online: Municipal Museum of Art Naive
  13. ^ Spain.info: Museo Internacional de Arte Naïf "Manuel Moral" - Manuel Moral International Museum of Naïve Art

Further reading

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Naïve art.
  • Walker, John. "Naive Art". Glossary of Art, Architecture & Design since 1945, 3rd. ed.
  • Bihalji-Merin, Oto (1959). Modern Primitives: Masters of Naive Painting. trans. Norbert Guterman. New York: Harry N. Abrams.
  • Fine, Gary Alan (2004). Everyday genius: self-taught art and the culture of authenticity. Chicago, IL: University Of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-24950-6.
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