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1890–91 United States Senate elections

(Redirected from 1890 United States Senate elections in Wyoming)

The 1890–91 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1890 and 1891, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.

1890–91 United States Senate elections
← 1888 & 1889 Dates vary by state 1892 & 1893 →
29 of the 88 seats in the United States Senate (as well as special elections)
45 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader George F. Edmunds[a]
(retired) 		Arthur Pue Gorman[b]
Party Republican Democratic
Leader since March 4, 1885 March 4, 1889
Leader's seat Vermont Maryland
Seats before 38 37
Seats won 12 14
Seats after 47 39
Seat change Increase 9 Increase 2
Seats up 16 12
  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Populist Independent
Seats before 0 0
Seats won 1 1
Seats after 1 1
Seat change Increase 1 Increase 1
Seats up 0 0
Results of the elections:
     Democratic gain      Democratic hold
     Republican gain      Republican hold
     Populist gain      Independent gain
     Legislature failed to elect
Majority Party before election


Republican

Elected Majority Party


Republican

The Republican Party lost four seats, though still retaining a slim majority. That majority was increased, however, upon the admission of two more states with Republican senators.

Results summary

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Senate party division, 52nd Congress (1891–1893)

  • Majority party: Republican (47)
  • Minority party: Democratic (39)
  • Other parties: Populist (2)
  • Total seats: 88

Change in Senate composition

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Before the elections

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After the admission of Montana's new senators in January 1890.

D1 D2
D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3
D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22
D32
Ran 		D31
Ran 		D30
Ran 		D29
Ran 		D28
Ran 		D27
Ran 		D26
Ran 		D25 D24 D23
D33
Ran 		D34
Ran 		D35
Ran 		D36
Retired 		D37
Retired 		R47
Retired 		R46
Ran 		R45
Ran 		R44
Ran 		R43
Ran
Majority →
R33
Ran 		R34
Ran 		R35
Ran 		R36
Ran 		R37
Ran 		R38
Ran 		R39
Ran 		R40
Ran 		R41
Ran 		R42
Ran
R32
Ran 		R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R25 R24 R23
R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22
R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3
R1 R2

After the class 3 elections

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D1 D2
D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3
D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22
D32
Re-elected 		D31
Re-elected 		D30
Re-elected 		D29
Re-elected 		D28
Re-elected 		D27
Re-elected 		D26
Re-elected 		D25 D24 D23
D33
Hold 		D34
Hold 		D35
Hold 		D36
Hold 		D37
Gain 		D38
Gain 		D39
Gain 		V1
D Loss 		I1
Gain 		P1
Gain
Majority → R43
New seat
R33
Re-elected 		R34
Re-elected 		R35
Re-elected 		R36
Re-elected 		R37
Re-elected 		R38
Re-elected 		R39
Re-elected 		R40
Re-elected 		R41
Hold 		R42
Hold
R32
Re-elected 		R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R25 R24 R23
R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22
R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3
R1 R2

Beginning of the next Congress

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D1 D2 D3 D4
D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5
D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24
D34 D33 D32 D31 D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25
D35 D36 V1
D seated late 		V2
D elected late 		V3
D died
Later D 		I1
Later P 		P1 V3
D died
Later R 		R46
New seat 		R45
New seat
Majority →
R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44
New seat
R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R25
R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24
R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R5
R1 R2 R3 R4
Key:
D# Democratic
I# Independent
P# Populist
R# Republican
V# Vacant

Race summaries

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Elections during the 51st Congress

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In these elections, the winners were seated during 1890 or in 1891 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Montana
(Class 1) 		None (new state) Montana admitted to the Union November 8, 1889.
First senator elected January 1, 1890.[2]
Sanders's election was challenged based on the legitimacy of the nascent state legislature.
The Senate resolved the dispute in his favor April 16, 1890, and he was seated that day.[3]
Republican gain.
Montana
(Class 2) 		Montana admitted to the Union November 8, 1889.
Second senator elected January 2, 1890.[2]
Power's election was challenged based on the legitimacy of the nascent state legislature.
The Senate resolved the dispute in his favor April 16, 1890, and he was seated that day.[3]
Republican gain.
Kentucky
(Class 2) 		James B. Beck Democratic 1876
1882
1888 		Incumbent died May 3, 1890.
New senator elected May 26, 1890.
Democratic hold. 		▌ Y John G. Carlisle (Democratic)
[data missing]
Wyoming
(Class 2) 		None (new state) Wyoming admitted to the Union July 10, 1890.
First senators elected November 15, 1890.
Republican gain.
Wyoming
(Class 1) 		Wyoming admitted to the Union July 10, 1890.
First senators elected November 18, 1890.
Republican gain.
Idaho
(Class 2) 		None (new state) Idaho admitted to the Union July 3, 1890.
First senators elected December 18, 1890.
Republican gain. 		▌ Y George L. Shoup (Republican)
[data missing]
Idaho
(Class 3) 		Idaho admitted to the Union July 3, 1890.
First senators elected December 18, 1890.
Republican gain. 		▌ Y William J. McConnell (Republican)
[data missing]

Races leading to the 52nd Congress

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In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1891; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Alabama James L. Pugh Democratic 1880 (special)
1884 		Incumbent re-elected in 1890. ▌ Y James L. Pugh (Democratic)
[data missing]
Arkansas James K. Jones Democratic 1885 Incumbent re-elected in 1891. ▌ Y James K. Jones (Democratic)
[data missing]
California Leland Stanford Republican 1885 Incumbent re-elected in 1891. ▌ Y Leland Stanford (Republican)
[data missing]
Colorado Henry M. Teller Republican 1885 Incumbent re-elected in 1891. ▌ Y Henry M. Teller (Republican)
[data missing]
Connecticut Orville H. Platt Republican 1879
1885 		Incumbent re-elected in 1891. ▌ Y Orville H. Platt (Republican)
[data missing]
Florida Wilkinson Call Democratic 1879
1885 		Legislature failed to elect.
Democratic loss. 		None.
Georgia Joseph E. Brown Democratic 1880 (special)
1885 		Incumbent retired due to illness.
Democratic hold. 		▌ Y John B. Gordon (Democratic)
[data missing]
Idaho William J. McConnell Republican 1890 (special) McConnell was elected only to finish the term (see above) and thereafter retired.
New senator elected December 18, 1890.
Republican hold. 		▌ Y Fred Dubois (Republican)
[data missing]
Illinois Charles B. Farwell Republican 1887 Incumbent lost renomination.[5]
New senator elected on March 11, 1891, after 154 ballots.[6]
Democratic gain.
Indiana Daniel W. Voorhees Democratic 1877 (appointed)
1879 (special)
1885 		Incumbent re-elected in 1891. ▌ Y Daniel W. Voorhees (Democratic)
[data missing]
Iowa William B. Allison Republican 1872
1878
1884 		Incumbent re-elected March 5, 1890.[7]
Kansas John J. Ingalls Republican 1873
1879
1885 		Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1891.
Populist gain.
Kentucky J. C. S. Blackburn Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected in 1890. ▌ Y J. C. S. Blackburn (Democratic)
[data missing]
Louisiana James B. Eustis Democratic 1890–91 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1891.
Democratic hold. 		▌ Y Edward Douglass White (Democratic)
[data missing]
Maryland Ephraim Wilson Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected in 1890, but died February 24, 1891, before the beginning of the next term.
Seat remained vacant until November 19, 1891.
Democratic loss. 		▌ Y Ephraim Wilson (Democratic)
[data missing]
Missouri George G. Vest Democratic 1879
1885 		Incumbent re-elected in 1891. ▌ Y George G. Vest (Democratic)
[data missing]
Nevada John P. Jones Republican 1879
1885 		Incumbent re-elected in 1891. ▌ Y John P. Jones (Republican)
[data missing]
New Hampshire Henry W. Blair Republican 1879
1885 (appointed)
1885 (special) 		Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected in 1891.
Republican hold. 		▌ Y Jacob H. Gallinger (Republican)
[data missing]
New York William M. Evarts Republican 1885 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected January 21, 1891.
Democratic gain.
North Carolina Zebulon Vance Democratic 1879
1884 		Incumbent re-elected in 1890. ▌ Y Zebulon Vance (Democratic)
North Dakota Gilbert A. Pierce Republican 1889 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1891.
Republican hold.
Ohio Henry B. Payne Democratic 1884 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 15, 1890[9]
Democratic hold. 		▌ Y Calvin S. Brice (Democratic)
[data missing]
Oregon John H. Mitchell Republican 1885 Incumbent re-elected in 1890. ▌ Y John H. Mitchell (Republican)
[data missing]
Pennsylvania J. Donald Cameron Republican 1877 (special)
1879
1885 		Incumbent re-elected January 20, 1891.
South Carolina Wade Hampton III Democratic 1884 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1890.
Democratic hold.
South Dakota Gideon C. Moody Republican 1889 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected February 16, 1891.[10]
Independent gain.
Winner later became a Populist.
Vermont Justin S. Morrill Republican 1866
1872
1878
1884 		Incumbent re-elected in 1890. ▌ Y Justin S. Morrill (Republican)
[data missing]
Washington Watson C. Squire Republican 1889 Incumbent re-elected in 1891. ▌ Y Watson C. Squire (Republican)
[data missing]
Wisconsin John C. Spooner Republican 1885 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected January 28, 1891.
Democratic gain.

Election during the 52nd Congress

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In these elections, the winners were elected in 1891 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
California
(Class 1) 		George Hearst Democratic 1887 Incumbent died February 28, 1891.
New senator elected March 19, 1891.
Republican gain.
Florida
(Class 3) 		Vacant Legislature had failed to elect; see above.
Predecessor re-elected May 26, 1891.[12]
Democratic hold.
Virginia
(Class 1) 		John W. Daniel Democratic 1887 Incumbent re-elected early December 16, 1891 for the term beginning March 4, 1893.[13]

Idaho

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Senator George Shoup
(class 2)
Idaho class 3 senator
 
William J. McConnell
(December 18, 1890 – March 3, 1891)
 
Fred Dubois
(March 4, 1891 – March 3, 1897)
Main article: 1890 United States Senate elections in Idaho
See also: List of United States senators from Idaho and 1890 United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho

In July 1890, Idaho became a state. In November, Fred Dubois helped engineer a plan for the Idaho Legislature to effectively elect three people to the U.S. Senate: Governor George Shoup to the class 2 seat up for election in 1894, state constitutional convention member William J. McConnell to serve for the remainder of the Fifty-first United States Congress, ending in March 1891, and Dubois himself to succeed McConnell and serve a full six-year term in the class 3 seat beginning in March 1891.

Maryland

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See also: List of United States senators from Maryland
1890 United States Senate election in Maryland
← 1884 January 1890 1892 →
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
   
Candidate Ephraim King Wilson II
Party Democratic
Legislative vote -
Percentage -% %

Ephraim King Wilson II was re-elected by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 3 seat.[14]

New York

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Senator David B. Hill
Main article: 1891 United States Senate election in New York
See also: List of United States senators from New York and 1890 United States House of Representatives elections in New York

The New York election was held January 20 and 21, 1891, by the New York State Legislature.

Republican William M. Evarts had been elected to this seat in 1885, and his term would expire on March 3, 1891.

At the State election in November 1889, 19 Republicans and 13 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1890–1891) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1890, 68 Democrats and 60 Republicans were elected for the session of 1891 to the Assembly. The 114th New York State Legislature met from January 6 to April 30, 1891, at Albany, New York.

The Democratic caucus met on January 19, 74 State legislators attended, and State Senator John C. Jacobs presided. Governor David B. Hill was nominated by acclamation.

The Republican caucus met immediately after the Democratic caucus ended, Assemblyman James W. Husted presided. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator William M. Evarts unanimously.

On January 20, both Houses of the State legislature took ballots separately. The incumbent U.S. Senator Evarts was the choice of the State Senate, Governor Hill the choice of the Assembly. On January 21, both Houses met in joint session, and comparing nominations, found that they disagreed and proceeded to a joint ballot. Governor Hill was elected by a majority of 2, every member of the Legislature being present.

House Democratic Republican
State Senate
(32 members) 		David B. Hill 13  Y William M. Evarts 19
State Assembly
(128 members) 		 Y David B. Hill 65 William M. Evarts 58
Joint ballot
(160 members) 		 Y David B. Hill 81 William M. Evarts 79

The seat became vacant on March 4, 1891. David B. Hill remained in office as Governor of New York until December 31, 1891, and took his seat only on January 7, 1892, missing actually only one month of session. There were no special sessions during the 52nd United States Congress and the regular session began only on December 7, 1891. Hill served a single term, and remained in the U.S. Senate until March 3, 1897. In January 1897, Hill was defeated for re-election by Republican Thomas C. Platt who had been a U.S. Senator briefly in 1881.

Pennsylvania

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Senator J. Donald Cameron
Main article: 1891 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania and 1890 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania

The Pennsylvania election was held on January 20, 1891. J. Donald Cameron was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.[15]

The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 20, 1891. Incumbent Republican J. Donald Cameron, who was elected in an 1877 special election and re-elected in 1879 and 1885, was a successful candidate for re-election to another term. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:

State Legislature Results[15]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican J. Donald Cameron (Incumbent) 144 56.69
Democratic Chauncey F. Black 94 37.01
Republican Austin L. Taggart 7 2.76
Republican Theodore L. Flood 3 1.18
Democratic J. C. Sibley 1 0.39
Republican Harry White 1 0.39
N/A Not voting 4 1.57
Totals 254 100.00%

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ as Republican Conference Chair
  2. ^ as Democratic Caucus Chair

References

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  1. ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
  2. ^ a b "Congressional Series of United States Public Documents". Government Printing Office. 1893. p. 64.
  3. ^ a b Taft, et al., p. 727.
  4. ^ a b Goodspeed, Weston Arthur (1904). Iowa, Nebraska, Wyoming. University of California. p. 382 – via Google Books.
  5. ^ RICHARD J. OGLESBY THE NOMINEE. Chicago Daily Tribune (1872-1922); Chicago, Ill. [Chicago, Ill]. 16 Jan 1891: 4.
  6. ^ a b Newcombe, Alfred W. (1946). "Alson J. Streeter: An Agrarian Liberal". Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society. Vol. 39, no. 1. University of Illinois Press. pp. 68–95 – via JSTOR.
  7. ^ a b Clark, p. 221.
  8. ^ Wilcox, Henry S., ed. (March 5, 1890). "Election of U.S. Senator". Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives. 23 (1): 158–168. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  9. ^ Taylor & Taylor, p. 111, vol II.
  10. ^ a b "SENATOR JAMES H. KYLE". The New York Times. February 17, 1891. p. 5.
  11. ^ Proceedings of the House of Representatives, ... Legislative session, State of South Dakota. Published under the direction and authority of the Legislature. 1923.
  12. ^ "CALL DECLARED ELECTED". The New York Times. May 26, 1891. p. 1.
  13. ^ Journal of the House of Delegates of the Commonwealth of Virginia 1891-1892. p. 135. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
  14. ^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 00, 1890". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2022-11-05.
  15. ^ a b "U.S. Senate Election - 20 January 1891" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 22, 2013.

Further reading

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