The 2023 vision was a set of goals released by the administration of Prime Minister (now President) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in 2010 and 2011, to coincide with the centenary of the Republic of Turkey in 2023.
Elements of the 2023 vision
editEconomy
edit- Become one of the top ten world economies by 2023.
- Gross domestic product of $1 trillion by 2014 (Assessment: $0.934 trillion in 2014)[1] and of $2 trillion.
- Per capita income of $25,000.
- Increase annual Turkish exports to $500 billion.
- Foreign trade volume of $1 trillion.
- Increase the employment rate by 10 points to a working population of 30 million.
- Reduce the unemployment rate to 5 percent.
- Addition of income through applying duty on ocean trade through Straits of Bosphorus and Dardanelles.
Progress on economic goals
| Policy | 2009 | 2011 | 2014 | 2016 | 2018 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2023 Target |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Top ten world economies (GDP) | 17th | 18th | 16th | 17th | 19th | 19th | 19th | 18th | 10th |
| Top ten world economies (GDP PPP) | 18th | 16th | 13th | 13th | 13th | 11th | 11th | 11th | 10th |
| Gross domestic product (GDP) | $0.648 trillion | $0.838 trillion | $0.938 trillion | $0.869 trillion | $0.780 trillion | $0.818 trillion | $0.905 trillion | $1.108 trillion | $2.00 trillion |
| Gross domestic product (GDP PPP) | $1.17 trillion | $1.45 trillion | $1.86 trillion | $2,12 trillion | $2.40 trillion | $2.96 trillion | $3.35 trillion | $3.63 trillion | $2.00 trillion |
| Per capita income (GDP) | $8,941 | $11,221 | $12,079 | $10,891 | $9,514 | $9,663 | $10,621 | $12,849 | $25,000 |
| Per capita income (GDP PPP) | $16,089 | $19,459 | $23,945 | $26,513 | $29,327 | $35,018 | $39,280 | $42,063 | $25,000 |
| Annual exports | $102 billion | $135 billion | $166 billion | $149 billion | $177 billion | $225 billion | $254 billion | $255 billion | $500 billion |
| Foreign trade volume | $0,24 trillion | $0,38 trillion | $0,42 trillion | $0,35 trillion | $0,41 trillion | $0,50 trillion | $0,62 trillion | $0,62 trillion | $1,00 trillion |
| Employment rate | 21.3 million | 24.1 million | 25.9 million | 27.2 million | 28.7 million | 28.8 million | 31.2 million | 34.9 million | 30 million |
| Unemployment rate | 13.1% | 9.1% | 9.9% | 10.9% | 11.0% | 10.6% | 10.2% | 9,4% | 5% |
Energy
edit
- Build 20,000 Megawatt installed capacity of wind energy and 600 Megawatt installed capacity of geothermal energy[2]
- Reduce energy consumption to 20 percent below 2010 levels through improved efficiency[3]
- Three operating nuclear power plants and those plants are expected to have an installed capacity of 14,700 Megawatt.
Foreign policy
editTurkey's foreign-policy objectives and vision as articulated by former Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu:
First, Turkey aims to achieve all EU membership conditions and become an influential EU member state by 2023. Second, it will continue to strive for regional integration, in the form of security and economic cooperation. Third, it will seek to play an influential role in regional conflict resolution. Fourth, it will vigorously participate in all global arenas. Fifth, it will play a determining role in international organizations and become one of the top 10 largest economies in the world. To achieve them, Turkey must make progress in all directions and in every field, take an interest in every issue related to global stability, and contribute accordingly.[4]
In 2016, President Erdoğan called for a referendum after Britain's decision on leaving the European Union.
Health care
edit- 100 percent participation in health insurance systems
- Raise the number of physicians per 100,000 people to 210 physicians (185 currently)
Transport
edit- Build 11 thousand kilometers of new railway and expand the high-speed train network
- Build 15 thousand kilometers of divided highway
- Grow ports to number among world's 10 largest
- Domestically produced airplanes, unmanned aerial vehicles and satellite[5]
Tourism
edit- Be the fifth largest tourist destination[6]
- Host 50 million visitors
- Obtain US$50 billion of tourism revenue[7]
Progress on tourism goals
| Policy | 2009 | 2011 | 2014 | 2016 | 2018 | 2019 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2023 Target |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fifth largest tourist destination | 6th | 6th | 6th | 10th | 6th | 6th | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 5th |
| Amount of tourist visitors | 27,3 million | 31,3 million | 36,8 million | 25,3 million | 45.8 million | 51.2 million | 29.9 million | 50.5 million | 55.2 million | 50,0 million |
| Tourism revenue[8] | $25,1 billion | $28,1 billion | $34,3 billion | $22,1 billion | $29,5 billion | $42,4 billion | $24,5 billion | $41,2 billion | 49,5 billion | $50,0 billion |
Effects on the progress of 2023 vision
edit2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt
editOn the summer of 2016, a coup d'état was attempted in Turkey against state institutions, including the government and President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. The attempt was carried out by a faction within the Turkish Armed Forces that organized themselves as the Peace at Home Council.[9] They attempted to seize control of several key places in Ankara, Istanbul, and elsewhere, but failed to do so after forces loyal to the state defeated them.
During the coup, over 300 people were killed and more than 2,100 were injured. Many government buildings, including the Turkish Parliament and the Presidential Palace, were bombed from the air.[citation needed] Mass arrests followed, with at least 40,000 detained,[10] including at least 10,000 soldiers and 2,745 judges. A significant amount of tourists cancelled their trip to Turkey.
2018 Turkish currency and debt crisis
editThe Turkish currency was characterized by a plunging value of the Turkish lira, high inflation, rising borrowing costs and corresponding loan defaults. In 2018, the lira's exchange rate accelerated deterioration, reaching a level of US$4.5/TRY by mid-May. Among economists, the accelerating loss of value was generally attributed to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan preventing the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey from making the necessary interest rate adjustments.[11][12] Erdogan, who claimed interest rates beyond his control to be "the mother and father of all evil", said that "the central bank can't take this independence and set aside the signals given by the president."[11]
COVID-19 pandemic
editThe global COVID-19 pandemic triggered severe social and economic disruption around the world, including the largest global recession since the Great Depression.[13] Governmental interventions, including travel restrictions and lockdowns, had a major effect on the economic and tourism goals.[14][15]
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
editTurkey's economic policy has received significant setbacks as a result of the 2022 Russia's invasion of Ukraine, with gasoline price rising, canceled vacation bookings and textile purchases, and worries of food shortages.[16][17] In the previous years, Turkey received the most tourists from Russia.[18]
References
edit- ^ "World Economic Outlook Expectations". IMF Data Mapper. IMF. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
- ^ "Speech By H.E. Abdullah Gül, President Of The Republic Of Turkey, On The Occasion Of "Turkish-Swiss Cleantech Forum"". Presidency Of The Republic Of Turkey. November 26, 2010. Archived from the original on 2012-08-05. Retrieved 2011-01-09.
- ^ "Turkey plans to use 20 percent less energy by 2023". World Bulletin. 13 January 2011. Archived from the original on 15 January 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2011.
- ^ Ahmet Davutoğlu (May 20, 2010). "A new vision". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on December 5, 2014. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
- ^ "The 2023 targets in the economy". Habertürk (in Turkish). January 23, 2011. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
- ^ "Mr Ertuğrul Günay" (PDF). London Business Guide. May 11, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 9, 2016. Retrieved 2010-12-09.
- ^ "Tourism Minister Gunay: 2023 Target Is To Host 50 Million Tourists". Turkish Press. May 11, 2008. Archived from the original on October 9, 2016. Retrieved 2010-12-09.
- ^ Turkish Statistical Institute (1 December 2019). "Distribution of Foreign Arrivals and Tourism Receipts by Years" (PDF). Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
- ^ "Turkey's failed coup attempt: All you need to know". aljazeera.com.
- ^ "Turkey to Release Tens of Thousands of Prisoners to Make Room for Coup Suspects". The New York Times. 17 August 2016.
- ^ a b "Turkey's leader is helping to crash its currency". Washington Post. 16 May 2018.
- ^ "Investors lose their appetite for Turkey". Financial Times. 16 May 2018.
- ^ Gopinath, Gita (14 April 2020). "The Great Lockdown: Worst Economic Downturn Since the Great Depression". IMF Blog. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
- ^ Şengül Çelikay, Duygu; Çelikay, Ferdi (2021). "The Effect of COVID-19 on the Tourism Sector in Turkey: An Evaluation with Financial Statement Analysis". Advances in Hospitality, Tourism, and the Services Industry. doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch004. S2CID 237958776.
- ^ Voyvoda, Ebru. "Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Turkey's Economy and a Policy Alternative for Protecting Labor Incomes" (PDF). Retrieved 3 April 2022.
- ^ Kubilay, Murat (23 March 2022). "The Ukraine war has upended Turkey's plans to stabilize the economy". Middle East Institute. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
- ^ "How Ukraine crisis undermines Turkey's economic program - Al-Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East". www.al-monitor.com. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
- ^ Sarna, Shivan (26 March 2022). "Ukraine invasion dashes hopes for a tourism revival in Turkey and Cuba". euronews. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
External links
edit- (in Turkish) Full Text of Prime Minister Erdogan's speech
- (in English) Tourism Strategy of Turkey by Ministry of Culture and Tourism
- (in Turkish) Industry Strategy Document by Ministry of Industry and Trade