Kashtan CIWS

The Kortik (Russian: Кортик, "dirk") close-in weapon system (CIWS) is a modern naval air defence gun-missile system deployed by the Russian Navy. Its export version is known as Kashtan (Russian: Каштан, English: Chestnut), with the NATO designation CADS-N-1 Kashtan.

Kortik / Kashtan
A Kortik combat module (missiles absent)
Type	Close-in weapon system
Place of origin	Soviet Union, Russia
Service history
In service	1989–present
Used by	See Operators
Production history
Designer	Developer: KBP (Arkady Shipunov) Fire control system: RATEP
Designed	Late 1970s–?
Manufacturer	Tulamashzavod, RATEP
Produced	1989–present
Variants	Kortik-M / Kashtan-M
Specifications
Mass	15,500 kg (34,200 lb) (Kashtan) 12,500 kg (27,600 lb) (Kashtan-M)
Height	2,250 mm (89 in) (above deck)
Shell	HEI-Frag, Frag-T, APDS-T
Shell weight	0.39 kg (0.86 lb) (HEIF, FT) 0.30 kg (0.66 lb) (APDS-T)
Caliber	30×165mm AO-18
Barrels	2 × 6 (guns); 2 × 4 launch tubes
Action	Gas-operated rotary cannon
Rate of fire	Kashtan: 9,000 rounds/min (guns) Kashtan-M: 1–2 (salvo) missiles per 3–4 sec 10,000 rounds/min (guns)
Muzzle velocity	860 m/s (2,800 ft/s) (HEIF, FT) Kashtan-M: 960 m/s (3,100 ft/s) (HEIF, FT) 1,100 m/s (3,600 ft/s) (APDS-T)
Effective firing range	By missiles: Kashtan: 1,500–8,000 m (4,900–26,200 ft) Kashtan-M: 1,500–10,000 m (4,900–32,800 ft) By guns: Kashtan: (range, altitude) 500–4,000 m (1,600–13,100 ft), 3,000 m (9,800 ft) Kashtan-M: 300–5,000 m (980–16,400 ft)
Feed system	Link-less, helical; 1000 rounds
Sights	Radar / TV-optical: 2–3/1 m (6.6–9.8/3.3 ft) accuracy, tracks 6 targets simultaneously
Warhead	Continuous-rod w/ frag layer
Main armament	8 × 9M311K + 32 missiles Kashtan-M: 8 × 9M311-1E + 24 missiles
Secondary armament	2 × AO-18K autocannon Kashtan-M: 2 × AO-18KD autocannon
Flight altitude	3,500 m (11,500 ft) (Kashtan) 6,000 m (20,000 ft) (Kashtan-M)
Maximum speed	910 m/s (3,000 ft/s)

The Kortik is found on the Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov, the Kirov-class battlecruiser, the Neustrashimy-class frigate, as well as the People's Liberation Army Navy Sovremenny-class destroyers, and other modern designs. Typically deployed as a combined gun and missile system, it provides defence against anti-ship missiles, anti-radar missiles and guided bombs. The system can also be employed against fixed- or rotary-wing aircraft or even surface vessels such as fast attack boats or targets on shore.

The Kortik will be replaced in Russian Navy service by the Pantsir-M CIWS, which uses similar rotary cannons but different missile and radar systems.

Design

The weapon is a modular system consisting of a command module and typically two combat modules, as in the case of the two Sovremennyy-class destroyers Taizhou (ex-Vnushitelnyy) and Ningbo (ex-Vechnyy) in Chinese service, although the number can be as many as 8 in the case of Admiral Kuznetsov. The command module detects and tracks threats, distributes targeting data to the combat modules, and interrogates the IFF system of approaching threats. The command module has a 3-D target detection radar, and an all weather multi-band integrated control system. Depending on the number of installed combat modules, the system can engage multiple targets simultaneously. The combat modules automatically track using either radar, an electro-optronic control system (such as FLIRs) or both, and then engages targets with missiles and guns. The combat modules are typically equipped with two GSh-30K (AO-18K) six-barrel 30 mm rotary cannons, with a link-less feeding mechanism, and two 9M311-1 missile launchers equipped with 4 ready-to-fire missiles each and fed by a reloading system storing 32 missiles in ready-to-launch containers.

The guns used in the Kortik are the GSh-30K six-barrel 30 mm rotary cannon. Individually, each GSh-30K has a higher rate of fire compared to guns used by other CIWS such as the GAU-8 on the Goalkeeper and the M61 Vulcan on the Phalanx. Along with a high rate of fire, the fairly heavy round (390 g or 14 oz) used by the Kortik is comparable to the DPU rounds of the GAU-8 Avenger (425 g or 15.0 oz), although the muzzle velocity (and therefore both the kinetic energy and effective range) is slightly lower, partially offsetting the high caliber and rate of fire.

The missiles used in the Kortik are the 9M311, which are also used on the 2K22 Tunguska. The 9M311 is an ACLOS guided missile. The warhead weighs 9 kilograms (20 lb) and is either laser or radio fused. The warhead is a continuous-rod warhead with a steel cube fragmentation layer. The detonation of the warhead will form a complete circle of fragmentation that is 5 meters in radius, and damage or destroy anything in that circle.

The combination of the missiles and guns provides more comprehensive protection when compared to other CIWS utilising either missiles or guns only. The system's combined kill probability is allegedly 0.96 to 0.99.

Variants

• Kashtan-M: improved variant with:
  • Salvo capability
  • Dedicated targeting station
  • Two AO-18KD cannons with higher muzzle velocity (range improved from 4 to 5 km)
  • Improved missile range and engagement altitude (from 8 to 10 km for range and from 3.5 to 6 km altitude)
  • Decreased system's reaction time from 6.8 to 5.7 seconds
  • Sensor modularity
  • Lower sensitivity
  • Vulnerable to air to ground missiles and more than 900 pound bombs.

Specifications

	Kashtan	Kashtan-M
Weight	15,500 kg (34,200 lb)	12,500 kg (27,560 lb)
Armament	2 x GSh-6-30	2 x GSh-6-30KD
Firing Rate	2 x 4,500 rds/min	2 x 5,000 rds/min
Target Range	500-4,000m (1,640-13,120 ft)
Effective Range	500-1,500m (1,640-4,920 ft)
Ammunition Store	2 x 500 rounds	2 x 1500 rounds
Muzzle Velocity	860 m/s (2,820 ft/s)	960–1100 m/s (3,150-3,610 ft/s)
Elevation	3,000 m (9,840 ft)

Operators

Map of Kashtan operators in blue with former operators in red

Current operators

• Russia
• Vietnam
• India

Former operators

• Soviet Union

See also

• CIWS
• KBP Instrument Design Bureau
• Tunguska-M1
• Pantsir-M/EM

References

• "2001 Russian Export Arms Catalog"

External links

(in English)

• 30×165mm — Russian Ammunition Page
• Air Defence Missile-Gun System “KASHTAN-M” — RATEP
• Kashtan, Kashtan-M, CADS-N-1, Palma, Palash CIWS Archived 11 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine — Navy Recognition

(in Russian)

• Комплекс 3М87 Кортик / Каштан (SA-N-11 GRISON) — Military Russia
• "Кортик" ("Каштан", 3М87, SA-N-11, Grison) — Оружие России
• «КАШТАН - M», зенитный ракетно-артиллерийский комплекс — Оружие России
• Ракетно-артиллерийский комплекс «Каштан» — Вестник ПВО
• Ракетно-артиллерийский комплекс 3М87 «Кортик» (SA-N-11 Grison) — Вестник ПВО