Wikipedia

Chafford Hundred

Not to be confused with Hundred of Chafford.

Chafford Hundred is an area in the Borough of Thurrock in the ceremonial county of Essex, England. Chafford Hundred is north-west of Grays.

Chafford Hundred
Housing in Chafford Hundred
Chafford Hundred is located in Essex
Chafford Hundred
Chafford Hundred
Location within Essex
Population15,699 (2021 census)[note 1]
OS grid referenceTQ595795
• London18.5 mi (29.8 km) W
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townGRAYS
Postcode districtRM16
Dialling code01375
PoliceEssex
FireEssex
AmbulanceEast of England
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Essex
51°29′17″N 0°18′00″E / 51.488°N 0.300°E / 51.488; 0.300

Its railway station serves the area and Lakeside Shopping Centre.

Lakeside Shopping Centre is in West Thurrock and is located in the Chafford and North Stifford, and South Chafford wards in the borough of Thurrock.[2] Chafford Hundred was built on parts of the historical parishes of Stifford and West Thurrock, Mill Lane being the border of the respective historical parishes.[3]

History

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Prehistory and Thurrock Chalklands

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The earliest evidence of human occupation in the area around Chafford Hundred dates back to the prehistoric period, with archeological evidence strongly suggesting the existence of human settlement and agricultural and industrial development in the area from around 8,000 BC in the Mesolithic through to the Neolithic, Bronze, Iron, Roman and Early Medieval periods.[4][5] Animal fossils and shark fossils dating to the prehistoric period have also been discovered in the area.[4]

By the 19th century, the area had become the site of disused chemical works in Grays Thurrock. In 1870, Edmund Wright Brooks took over the works and turned them into quarries for his cement manufacturing company.[4] Several other cement companies, including the Portland Cement Works Company and the Lion Cement Company, had started quarrying the area by 1874. By 1925, most of these companies had merged to form Associated Portland Cement Manufacturers Ltd, which later became Blue Circle Industries.[4] For much of the 20th century, the area was mainly the site of several chalk, gravel and brickearth quarries, with the last of these closing down in 1976.[5][6] As such, the area was called the Thurrock Chalklands prior to the development of Chafford Hundred.[7][6]

By the early 1970s, most of the land in the Thurrock Chalklands had become derelict and abandoned. Blue Circle Industries continued to own most of the land in the area long after the closure of the quarries, and it remained interested in developing the area.[8][6] In 1973, the local authorities Essex County Council and Thurrock Council looked into regenerating the area with government support. The councils' interests in the area were renewed in 1981 with the completion of the M25 and A13 in Thurrock, which intersected near the area.[6] The location of the Chalklands behind Thurrock's industrial waterfront was seen as having strategic value, and a new development on the site was expected to meet an anticipated increase in local industrial demand caused by the completion of the roads.[6]

Another organisation, the national house-builder Consortium Developments Limited (CDL), also expressed interest in the Chalklands area.[9] CDL had been founded in 1983 by Britain's ten largest house-building companies as a consortium which aimed to promote and build privately developed new towns in South East England.[10][11] It made its first planning application in March 1985 for a £450 million new town development known as Tillingham Hall on the Metropolitan Green Belt in the north of Thurrock, which would provide 5,100 dwellings for 14,000 people.[12][7][13] Thurrock Council and Essex County Council opposed the Tillingham Hall proposal as it would be built on green belt land and blocked planning permission for the project.[12][7] The project also posed a threat to their ambitions for a development in the Chalklands, and this may have influenced Thurrock's opposition to the proposal.[7] CDL looked at the Chalklands area as a potential alternative development site to Tillingham Hall, prompting Blue Circle Industries to propose a development of its own in the area before CDL could make a planning application there.[8][9]

Construction of Chafford Hundred

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Blue Circle Industries made a planning application with two other developers, West Thurrock Estates and Tunnel Holdings, to build a housing development on the Chalklands in August 1985. The proposed development was designed by architect Owen Luder and named Chafford Hundred after the historic Hundred of Chafford, which included parts of what is now Havering, Thurrock and Brentwood.

In 1985, Thurrock Council and Essex County Council approved a proposal by Blue Circle Industries, West Thurrock Estates and Tunnel Holdings to build a large landscape-housing estate on derelict land adjacent to the M25 motorway in Grays, Essex.[14][12] Designed by architect Owen Luder, the proposal included the construction of 5,000 homes, five schools and new shops for a population of 15,000 people, and was estimated to cost £100 million.[12] It was named "Chafford Hundred" after a former Bishop of London and the historic Hundred of Chafford.[12][15]

The development would be built on a 600 acre site in Grays and West Thurrock, north-west of Grays town centre.[16][17] Around two-thirds of the site was previously used as a chalk quarry; the rest was mostly former agricultural land which had become uncultivated.[17][18] Planning permission to reclaim and develop the site to build 5,000 homes was granted in July 1986[16][19] and construction began in 1988.[20] Blue Circle Industries formed a consortium with construction companies Rosehaugh and Pearson plc with the trade name Chafford Hundred Ltd to build the development.[20] To pay for construction costs, the consortium took up a £45 million loan to be paid back over the next seven years.[21] By this point, the project included plans for a new church, shopping centre, doctor's surgery, library and a train station on the Fenchurch Street railway line, with an overall estimated cost of £750 million.[22][23] At the time, Chafford Hundred was characterised by the press as a new town in West Thurrock.[24][23][25][22][26] Officially, it was a housing estate in the western part of the town of Grays.[27][16]

The first homes in Chafford Hundred were completed in 1989. Approximately 5,600 houses and flats have been built since 1989 on 353 acres of brownfield housing land. These areas have a variety of housing types which includes private sector housing as well as housing associations and retirement homes.[17] Chafford Hundred railway station serves the local area, and was built to serve the area. It opened in 1993, and currently sees a twice hourly service connecting it to London, Grays and Southend.[28] The name is re-used from the historic Hundred of Chafford, which covered a much larger area including parts of present-day Thurrock in Essex and the London Borough of Havering in Greater London.[29]

The area has seen large growth since its inception, with many City workers living there due to the relatively easy commute into central London. In 2012, it was reported in the national press, that more than half the flats (in the estate) were repossessed during the early 1990s housing slump, impacting it so significantly that prices fell by half.[30] Housing ranges from one or two bedroom apartments up to five / six bedroom large houses and therefore the area caters for many, although property prices grew rapidly during the late 1990s – The Evening Standard article, "the most coveted address in Britain" by Nick Curtis in 2001 included properties in the new village.[31] This is not due to the architecture of the houses (mostly all very similar starter homes), but because it provides relatively affordable housing with public and recreation areas, as well as generally large private gardens, well connected to many jobs.[32]

There are four elected councillors representing Chafford Hundred, currently Cllr Mark Coxshall and Cllr Garry Hague for Chafford and North Stifford Ward, and Cllr Abbie Akinbohun and Cllr Suzanne Hooper for South Chafford Ward.[33] The area's Member of Parliament is Jen Craft. Although there were initially no facilities, they managed to raise funds to build a youth park which was launched last year.[34] The area is also served by multiple churches.[35]

Schools

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Chafford Hundred currently has four primary schools and one secondary school.

  • Tudor Court Primary School
  • Warren Primary School
  • Harris Primary Academy Chafford Hundred
  • Harris Primary Academy Mayflower
  • Harris Academy Chafford Hundred (secondary, formerly Chafford Hundred Campus Business and Enterprise College)[36]

Geography

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The land is on very gentle slopes (ranging from 18 to 34m AOD) and the area also has included a number of park and recreational areas. The largest area is of special environmental and scientific interest, Chafford Gorges Nature Park; its management was taken over by Essex Wildlife Trust on 9 June 2005.

Politics and governance

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Chafford Hundred is in the parliamentary constituency of Thurrock.[37] The local member of Parliament (MP) is Jen Craft of the Labour Party, who was first elected at the 2024 general election.[38] As one of the more affluent areas in the constituency, Chafford Hundred was traditionally more supportive of the Conservative Party until the 2010s, when demographic changes in the area and its growing popularity with commuters led to a shift in favour of the Labour Party.[37][39] The local authority is Thurrock Council which has held unitary authority status since 1998. As such, the council is responsible for all local government services in the area.[15] Chafford Hundred also falls under the jurisdiction of Essex Police and the Essex County Fire and Rescue Service which are overseen by the elected Police, Fire and Crime Commissioner for Essex.[40][41] Since 2016, the police, fire and crime commissioner has been Roger Hirst of the Conservative Party.[42]

For the purposes of local elections to Thurrock Council, Chafford Hundred is divided between the two electoral wards of South Chafford and Chafford and North Stifford, with the latter also including the separate community of North Stifford.[43] Both wards elect two councillors each who serve for a term of four years.[44][45] In the early years of the development, Chafford Hundred was split between the wards of West Thurrock, Stifford, Grays Thurrock Town and Grays Thurrock North. As the development continued to grow into the 1990s, the Local Government Commission for England split off parts of these wards to form a new separate ward for Chafford Hundred in 1997, which elected two councillors.[46][47] Continued population growth into the 2000s led the commission to reorganise Chafford Hundred and its neighbouring wards into the current wards of South Chafford and Chafford and North Stifford in 2004.[48][46] Former Conservative council leader Mark Coxshall represented Chafford and North Stifford until he lost his seat to the Labour Party at the 2023 Thurrock Council election.[49][50] As of 2024, all four councillors for Chafford Hundred are from the Labour Party.[51]

Notable people

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Singer Louisa Johnson is from Chafford Hundred and attended Harris Academy Chafford Hundred.[52][53] Television personalities Chloe Brockett[54][55] and Toby Aromolaran[56][57] also come from the area, as does footballer Elliot Omozusi.[58] Chafford Hundred Athletic Club, a sports marketing club in Chafford Hundred, is managed by retired javelin thrower Fatima Whitbread, who founded it after her retirement in 1991.[59][60] Notable members of the club have included Yvonne Murray, Tom McKean, Jonathan Edwards, Kelly Holmes, Linford Christie, Iwan Thomas and Steve Backley.[59][60]

References

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  1. ^ Combined population of the electoral wards of South Chafford and Chafford and North Stifford. Also includes the settlement of North Stifford.[1]
  1. ^ "East of England: Local Authority Districts and Wards". City Population. 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  2. ^ 2010 post-revision map non-metropolitan areas and unitary authorities of England Archived 3 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ "Parishes: West Thurrock | British History Online".
  4. ^ a b c d "Chafford Hundred – prehistoric and modern". Brentwood Gazette. 6 July 1990. p. 50.
  5. ^ a b "Chafford Gorges Nature Park". Thurrock Council. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013.
  6. ^ a b c d e Essex, John (20 August 1982). "Why Thurrock welcomes a new Derelict Land Survey". Municipal Journal. pp. 1, 265–1, 267. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
  7. ^ a b c d Booth, Philip (2 September 2003). Planning by Consent: The Origins and Nature of British Development Control. Routledge. pp. 260–268. ISBN 978-1-135-92058-6. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
  8. ^ a b Hanson, M. (27 June 1992). "Blue skies over Grays at Chafford Hundred". Estates Gazette. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  9. ^ a b Ward, Stephen V. (January 2005). "Consortium Developments Ltd and the failure of 'new country towns' in Mrs Thatcher's Britain". Planning Perspectives. 20 (3): 329–359. doi:10.1080/02665430500130290. ISSN 0266-5433. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  10. ^ Bill, Peter; Sadek, Jackie (3 November 2020). Broken Homes: Britain's Housing Crisis: Facts, Factoids and Fixes. Troubador Publishing Ltd. p. 109. ISBN 978-1-80046-760-6.
  11. ^ Morris, Eleanor Smith (1997). British Town Planning and Urban Design: Principles and Policies. Longman. p. 247. ISBN 978-0-582-23496-3. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  12. ^ a b c d e Jones, Graham (28 August 1985). "Chalkpit plan eases threat to Green Belt". The Daily Telegraph. No. 40, 493. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^ "Tillingham Hall – the new country town proposal". The Planner. Vol. 71. Royal Town Planning Institute. May 1985. pp. 6–7. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  14. ^ "Reclaimed land". New Society. Vol. 75, no. 1213. 28 March 1986. pp. 548–549 – via Google Books.
  15. ^ a b "Borough and council history: From Turroc to modern Thurrock". Thurrock Council. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  16. ^ a b c "Community Needs and Open Spaces Study – Thurrock Council" (PDF). Thurrock Council. September 2005. pp. 105–106. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  17. ^ a b c "Chafford Hundred Station Travel Plan" (PDF). Government of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  18. ^ "Builders press for more than 30,000 homes on eight sites". The Guardian. 7 January 1986. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  19. ^ "The cement maker's blues". Manchester Evening News. No. 36, 448. 27 August 1986. p. 17 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. ^ a b Dineen, Michael (31 July 1988). "Thoroughly Thurrock". The Observer. No. 10269. p. 51 – via Newspapers.com.
  21. ^ "Premier's £200m loan facility hangs in balance". The Daily Telegraph. No. 41, 333. 16 May 1988. p. 22 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ^ a b Dineen, Michael (6 March 1988). "Bargains in Liverpool". The Observer. No. 10248. p. 51 – via Newspapers.com.
  23. ^ a b Taylor, Cheryl (22 November 1989). "The bridge to higher places". The Daily Telegraph. No. 41, 808. p. 30 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. ^ "Boardroom briefs". Manchester Evening News. No. 36, 192. 3 March 1988. p. 21 – via Newspaper.com.
  25. ^ "New town for Essex". Burton Trader. No. 873. 23 March 1988. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. ^ Whetnall, Norman (3 March 1988). "Soaring Footsie cheers chartists". The Daily Telegraph. No. 41, 270. p. 20 – via Newspapers.com.
  27. ^ Department of the Environment; Breheny, Michael J.; Gent, Tim; Lock, David (1993). Alternative Development Patterns: New Settlements. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-11-752784-3.
  28. ^ "Network Rail Winter 2016/7 Working Timetable" (PDF). p. 28. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  29. ^ "Chafford hundred: Introduction | British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
  30. ^ Clark, Ross (11 December 2002). "Who will survive a crash?". The telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 21 April 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
  31. ^ Curtis, Nick (11 December 2002). "The Most Coveted Address in Britain". The telegraph. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
  32. ^ Moran, Joe (2005). Reading the Everyday. Routledge. p. 207. ISBN 978-1-134-37215-7.
  33. ^ "Current councillors | Thurrock Council". Government of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
  34. ^ "The Enquirer :: First anniversary for Chafford Hundred youth park". Archived from the original on 28 August 2013.
  35. ^ "All Saints Church". Archived from the original on 7 October 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
  36. ^ Shepherd, Jessica (13 January 2010). "School created five years ago is 'most improved'". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  37. ^ a b Baston, Lewis (15 May 2018). "Is demography destiny? How population shift can recast the political map". Prospect Magazine. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  38. ^ "Labour take Thurrock – but it's too close to call in South Basildon and East Thurrock and a recount will follow". Thurrock Nub News. 5 July 2024. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  39. ^ "Thurrock". The Times Guide to the House of Commons. Times Newspapers Limited. 2015. p. 358. ISBN 978-0-00-812631-5. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  40. ^ "Essex Police, Fire and Crime Panel". Thurrock Council. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  41. ^ "What does the Police, Fire and Crime Commissioner do for Essex?". Police, Fire and Crime Commissioner for Essex. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  42. ^ "Election 2021: Conservative Roger Hirst is new Essex PFCC". BBC News. 8 May 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  43. ^ "Final recommendations on the future electoral arrangements for Thurrock" (PDF). Local Government Boundary Commission. December 2001. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  44. ^ "Wards and polling stations". Thurrock Council. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  45. ^ Boakye, Kwame (19 June 2023). "McArdle: Thurrock looked for 'exotic solutions' over 'hard graft'". Local Government Chronicle. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  46. ^ a b "Final recommendations on the future electoral arrangements for Thurrock in Essex" (PDF). Local Government Commission for England. December 1996. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  47. ^ The Borough of Thurrock (Electoral Changes) Order 1997 (Order). Secretary of State for Transport, Local Government and the Regions. 21 February 1997. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  48. ^ The Borough of Thurrock (Electoral Changes) Order 2002 (Order). Local Government Commission for England. 29 August 2002.
  49. ^ "Thurrock elections 2023: Tory leader of council loses seat". Basildon Canvey Southend Echo. 8 May 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  50. ^ Boakye, Kwame (5 May 2023). "Thurrock leader loses seat but Tories retain control". Local Government Chronicle. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  51. ^ "Council and democracy: Your Councillors by Ward". Thurrock Council. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
  52. ^ Rice, Emma (8 December 2015). "Louisa comes home to Chafford Hundred ahead of X Factor final". Romford Recorder. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  53. ^ Hodgkinson, Will (15 December 2015). "Can 17 year old Essex girl Louisa Johnson save the ailing X Factor?". The Times. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  54. ^ Idris, Arike (12 September 2023). "TOWIE star Chloe Brockett shares comeback to show after suspension following heated row with Roman Hackett". EssexLive. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  55. ^ Youell, Clare (15 March 2019). "TOWIE cast including Chloe Brockett, Kelsey Stratford, Ella Rae Wise and Joey Turner filming at four different locations around Essex". EssexLive. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  56. ^ Mellin, Hannah (9 January 2024). "Love Island's Toby Aromolaran: his age, friendship with Tyrique Hyde and Chloe Burrows split". Heat World. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  57. ^ Idris, Arike (12 July 2021). "Love Island 2021: The Essex football club Love Island's semi-pro footballer Toby plays for". EssexLive. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  58. ^ Coleman, Jasmine (24 November 2011). "Leyton Orient defender sacked following jail sentence for intimidating witness in Hackney schoolgirl murder trial". Hackney Gazette. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  59. ^ a b "Birthdays: 3 March 2004". The Times. 3 March 2004. Fatima Whitbread. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
  60. ^ a b Sage, Ivan (2 September 1999). "Athletics: Fatima looks to the future". Daily Colchester Gazette and Essex County Standard. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
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