Parablepharismea is a class of free-living marine and brackish anaerobic ciliates[1] that form a major clade of obligate anaerobes within the SAL group (Spirotrichea, Armophorea, and Litostomatea), together with the classes Muranotrichea and Armophorea.
| Parablepharismea | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Clade: | Diaphoretickes |
| Clade: | SAR |
| Clade: | Alveolata |
| Phylum: | Ciliophora |
| Subphylum: | Intramacronucleata |
| Class: | Parablepharismea Rotterová et al., 2020 |
| Order: | Parablepharismida Rotterová et al., 2020 |
| Family: | Parablepharismidae Campello-Nunes et al., 2020 |
| Genera | |
Parablepharismea are medium to large, elongated ciliates with navicular outline and holotrichous somatic ciliature composed of dikinetids without postciliodesmata.[2][1] Their oral ciliature is composed of bipartite paroral membrane and adoral zone of membranelles. They host a thick coat of prokaryotic ectosymbionts and cytoplasmic endosymbionts. They are found in micro-oxic marine to brackish habitats.
Parablepharismea may be related to the deep sea Cariacotrichea ciliates.[3][2][1]
This class contains a single order, Parablepharismida,[1] and family Parablepharismidae.[2] The genus Parablepharisma[4][5] includes five species. The genus Kahlium includes a single species K. chlamydophorum with segmented paroral area and a twisted posterior.[2]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Rotterová, Johana; Salomaki, Eric; Pánek, Tomáš; Bourland, William; Žihala, David; Táborský, Petr; Edgcomb, Virginia P.; Beinart, Roxanne A.; Kolísko, Martin; Čepička, Ivan (April 2020). "Genomics of New Ciliate Lineages Provides Insight into the Evolution of Obligate Anaerobiosis". Current Biology. 30 (11): 2037–2050.e6. Bibcode:2020CBio...30E2037R. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.03.064. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 32330419. S2CID 216095971.
- ^ a b c d Campello-Nunes, Pedro H.; Fernandes, Noemi M.; Szokoli, Franziska; Fokin, Sergei I.; Serra, Valentina; Modeo, Letizia; Petroni, Giulio; Soares, Carlos A. G.; Paiva, Thiago da S.; Silva-Neto, Inácio D. da (2020-04-01). "Parablepharisma (Ciliophora) is not a Heterotrich: A Phylogenetic and Morphological Study with the Proposal of New Taxa". Protist. 171 (2): 125716. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2020.125716. ISSN 1434-4610. PMID 32086115. S2CID 211246127.
- ^ Orsi, William; Edgcomb, Virginia; Faria, Jose; Foissner, Wilhelm; Fowle, William H.; Hohmann, Tine; Suarez, Paula; Taylor, Craig; Taylor, Gordon T.; Vd'ačný, Peter; Epstein, Slava S. (2012). "Class Cariacotrichea, a novel ciliate taxon from the anoxic Cariaco Basin, Venezuela". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 62 (6): 1425–1433. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.034710-0. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 21841005.
- ^ Kahl, Alfred (1932). Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria). Tierwelt. Die Tierwelt und der angrenzenden Meeresteile. Jena, Germany: Fischer. pp. 398 pages.
- ^ Jankowski, A. W. (2007). Handbook on Zoology, Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901 Alimov, AF, editor. Protista, Part 2. St. Petersburg, Russia: Nauka. pp. 415–993.
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