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East Punjab

(Redirected from East Punjab Province)
This article is about a former state of India. For the current state, see Punjab, India. For other uses, see Punjab (disambiguation).

East Punjab was a province of India from 1947 until 1950. It consisted parts of the Punjab province that remained in India following the partition of the province between the new dominions of Pakistan and the Indian Union by the Radcliffe Commission in 1947. The mostly Muslim western parts of the old Punjab became Pakistan's West Punjab, later renamed as Punjab Province, while the mostly Hindu and Sikh eastern parts remained with India.

Province of East Punjab
Former Province of India
1947–1950
Flag of East Punjab
Flag

East Punjab, 1950
CapitalShimla[1]
Historical era20th century
• Established
15 August 1947
• PEPSU formed
1948
26 January 1950
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Punjab Province
Punjab
PEPSU
Today part ofPunjab
Chandigarh
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh

History

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See also: History of the Punjab

Partition of India

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Main article: Partition of India

With the partition of India, the Punjab province was to be divided in two as per the Indian Independence Act 1947, passed by the parliament of the United Kingdom. The province was to cease to exist, and two new provinces were to be constituted, to be known respectively as West Punjab & East Punjab.[2] All the princely states of the Punjab States Agency, except Bahawalpur, which acceded to the Dominion of Pakistan, acceded to the new Union of India and were combined into the Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU). The northeast Hill States of the Punjab Province banded together and were declared a union territory in 1950 as Himachal Pradesh.

Renaming of the state

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Administrative divisions of India in 1951

The Constitution of India, which came into effect in 1950, renamed the province of "East Punjab" as the state of "Punjab".[citation needed]

Reorganisation of Indian States

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Main article: States Reorganisation Act, 1956

In 1956, the PEPSU was merged into an expanded Punjab state.

Punjabi Suba movement

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Main article: Punjabi Suba movement
 
A map of the distribution of native Punjabi speakers in India and Pakistan

With effect from 1 November 1966, there was yet another reorganisation, this time on linguistic lines, when the state of Punjab as constituted in 1956 was divided into three: the mostly Hindi-speaking part became the present-day Indian state of Haryana and the mostly Punjabi-speaking part became the present-day Punjab,[3][4] while a new union territory (Chandigarh) was also created, to serve as a capital to both states. At the same time, some parts of the former territory of Patiala and East Punjab States Union, including Solan and Nalagarh, were transferred to Himachal Pradesh.

Demography

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1901 census

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Religions in East Punjab, India region (1901)[5]: 34 [6]: 62 [a]

  Hinduism (58.63%)
  Islam (29.54%)
  Sikhism (11.30%)
  Jainism (0.31%)
  Christianity (0.17%)
  Others[b] (0.05%)

Prior to partition, the eastern portion of Punjab that was ultimately awarded to India following the demarcation of the Radcliffe Line was made into a new province – East Punjab. The area includes the contemporary states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. Below is the religious demographics of this region broken down by district and princely state with an overall total as per the 1901 Indian census.

Religion in the Districts & Princely States of East Punjab, India region (1901)[5]: 34 [6]: 62 [a]
District/
Princely state 		Hinduism   Islam   Sikhism   Jainism   Christianity   Others[b] Total
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Patiala State 880,490 55.14% 357,334 22.38% 355,649 22.27% 2,877 0.18% 316 0.02% 26 0% 1,596,692 100%
Amritsar district 280,985 27.44% 474,976 46.39% 264,329 25.82% 1,439 0.14% 2,078 0.2% 21 0% 1,023,828 100%
Hoshiarpur district 603,710 60.99% 312,958 31.62% 71,126 7.19% 1,173 0.12% 813 0.08% 2 0% 989,782 100%
Firozpur district 279,099 29.13% 447,615 46.72% 228,355 23.83% 1,090 0.11% 1,908 0.2% 5 0% 958,072 100%
Jalandhar district 368,051 40.11% 421,011 45.88% 125,817 13.71% 969 0.11% 1,713 0.19% 26 0% 917,587 100%
Karnal district 623,597 70.6% 241,412 27.33% 12,294 1.39% 4,739 0.54% 1,179 0.13% 4 0% 883,225 100%
Ambala district 510,105 62.52% 240,710 29.5% 58,073 7.12% 2,614 0.32% 4,362 0.53% 16 0% 815,880 100%
Hisar district 544,799 69.69% 202,009 25.84% 28,642 3.66% 6,003 0.77% 253 0.03% 11 0% 781,717 100%
Kangra district 722,554 94.07% 39,672 5.16% 1,220 0.16% 113 0.01% 385 0.05% 4,180 0.54% 768,124 100%
Gurgaon district 499,373 66.92% 242,548 32.5% 99 0.01% 3,909 0.52% 278 0.04% 1 0% 746,208 100%
Gurdaspur district[c] 268,817 38.08% 348,182 49.33% 85,199 12.07% 72 0.01% 3,571 0.51% 28 0% 705,869 100%
Delhi District 510,532 74.09% 167,290 24.28% 294 0.04% 7,726 1.12% 3,158 0.46% 39 0.01% 689,039 100%
Ludhiana district 269,076 39.98% 235,937 35.05% 164,919 24.5% 2,217 0.33% 947 0.14% 1 0% 673,097 100%
Rohtak district 533,723 84.63% 91,687 14.54% 94 0.01% 5,087 0.81% 80 0.01% 1 0% 630,672 100%
Simla Hill States 373,886 96.03% 11,535 2.96% 1,318 0.34% 274 0.07% 113 0.03% 2,223 0.57% 389,349 100%
Kapurthala State 93,652 29.79% 178,326 56.73% 42,101 13.39% 226 0.07% 39 0.01% 7 0% 314,351 100%
Nabha State 160,553 53.89% 58,550 19.65% 78,361 26.3% 476 0.16% 7 0% 2 0% 297,949 100%
Jind State 211,963 75.16% 38,717 13.73% 29,975 10.63% 1,258 0.45% 80 0.03% 10 0% 282,003 100%
Mandi State 170,304 97.85% 3,187 1.83% 41 0.02% 0 0% 3 0% 510 0.29% 174,045 100%
Nahan State 128,478 94.69% 6,414 4.73% 688 0.51% 61 0.04% 46 0.03% 0 0% 135,687 100%
Chamba State 119,327 93.35% 8,332 6.52% 80 0.06% 3 0% 70 0.05% 22 0.02% 127,834 100%
Faridkot State 35,778 28.64% 35,996 28.82% 52,721 42.21% 406 0.33% 11 0.01% 0 0% 124,912 100%
Malerkotla State 38,409 49.56% 27,229 35.13% 10,495 13.54% 1,361 1.76% 12 0.02% 0 0% 77,506 100%
Kalsia State 38,626 57.5% 21,921 32.63% 6,453 9.61% 181 0.27% 0 0% 0 0% 67,181 100%
Suket State 54,005 98.77% 665 1.22% 6 0.01% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 54,676 100%
Simla District 30,299 75.09% 6,675 16.54% 544 1.35% 32 0.08% 2,798 6.93% 3 0.01% 40,351 100%
Dujana State 18,380 76.03% 5,790 23.95% 4 0.02% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 24,174 100%
Pataudi State 18,281 83.35% 3,549 16.18% 0 0% 103 0.47% 0 0% 0 0% 21,933 100%
Loharu State 13,254 87.03% 1,963 12.89% 0 0% 12 0.08% 0 0% 0 0% 15,229 100%
Total 8,400,106 58.63% 4,232,190 29.54% 1,618,897 11.3% 44,421 0.31% 24,220 0.17% 7,138 0.05% 14,326,972 100%
Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.

1911 census

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Religions in East Punjab, India region (1911)[7]: 27 [8]: 27 [d]

  Hinduism (54.48%)
  Islam (28.90%)
  Sikhism (15.82%)
  Christianity (0.42%)
  Jainism (0.31%)
  Others[b] (0.06%)

Prior to partition, the eastern portion of Punjab that was ultimately awarded to India following the demarcation of the Radcliffe Line was made into a new province – East Punjab. The area includes the contemporary states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. Below is the religious demographics of this region broken down by district and princely state with an overall total as per the 1911 Indian census.

Religion in the Districts & Princely States of East Punjab, India region (1911)[7]: 27 [8]: 27 [d]
District/
Princely state 		Hinduism   Islam   Sikhism   Christianity   Jainism   Others[b] Total
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Patiala State 563,940 40.06% 307,384 21.84% 532,292 37.81% 739 0.05% 3,282 0.23% 22 0% 1,407,659 100%
Firozpur district 273,832 28.53% 418,553 43.61% 262,511 27.35% 3,342 0.35% 1,401 0.15% 18 0% 959,657 100%
Hoshiarpur district 498,642 54.28% 281,805 30.68% 134,146 14.6% 2,978 0.32% 998 0.11% 0 0% 918,569 100%
Amritsar district 211,708 24.04% 408,882 46.43% 253,941 28.83% 4,763 0.54% 1,386 0.16% 48 0.01% 880,728 100%
Hisar district 541,720 67.3% 218,600 27.16% 38,508 4.78% 273 0.03% 5,767 0.72% 21 0% 804,889 100%
Jalandhar district 265,378 33.09% 357,051 44.52% 176,227 21.98% 2,404 0.3% 842 0.1% 18 0% 801,920 100%
Karnal district 556,203 69.54% 224,920 28.12% 13,531 1.69% 920 0.12% 4,213 0.53% 0 0% 799,787 100%
Kangra district 725,156 94.13% 38,859 5.04% 1,910 0.25% 386 0.05% 81 0.01% 3,994 0.52% 770,386 100%
Rohtak district 450,549 83.21% 86,076 15.9% 161 0.03% 334 0.06% 4,369 0.81% 0 0% 541,489 100%
Ambala district 380,592 55.16% 205,203 29.74% 94,471 13.69% 7,483 1.08% 2,187 0.32% 34 0% 689,970 100%
Delhi District 469,561 71.4% 171,745 26.12% 2,985 0.45% 5,693 0.87% 7,539 1.15% 81 0.01% 657,604 100%
Gurgaon district 421,885 65.59% 217,237 33.78% 342 0.05% 782 0.12% 2,921 0.45% 10 0% 643,177 100%
Gurdaspur district[c] 190,965 30.49% 304,860 48.67% 110,525 17.65% 19,879 3.17% 73 0.01% 22 0% 626,324 100%
Ludhiana district 131,370 25.4% 176,043 34.04% 207,042 40.03% 888 0.17% 1,849 0.36% 0 0% 517,192 100%
Simla Hill States 386,953 95.7% 11,374 2.81% 2,911 0.72% 224 0.06% 172 0.04% 2,709 0.67% 404,343 100%
Jind State 210,222 77.36% 37,520 13.81% 22,566 8.3% 187 0.07% 1,233 0.45% 0 0% 271,728 100%
Kapurthala State 61,426 22.91% 152,117 56.73% 54,275 20.24% 107 0.04% 205 0.08% 3 0% 268,133 100%
Nabha State 126,414 50.79% 46,032 18.5% 76,198 30.62% 5 0% 238 0.1% 0 0% 248,887 100%
Mandi State 178,115 98.35% 2,799 1.55% 26 0.01% 4 0% 2 0% 164 0.09% 181,110 100%
Nahan State 130,276 94.05% 6,016 4.34% 2,142 1.55% 37 0.03% 49 0.04% 0 0% 138,520 100%
Chamba State 126,269 92.93% 8,750 6.44% 141 0.1% 81 0.06% 5 0% 627 0.46% 135,873 100%
Faridkot State 37,377 28.69% 37,105 28.48% 55,397 42.52% 6 0% 409 0.31% 0 0% 130,294 100%
Malerkotla State 22,902 32.19% 25,942 36.46% 21,018 29.54% 14 0.02% 1,268 1.78% 0 0% 71,144 100%
Kalsia State 30,640 54.8% 18,820 33.66% 6,258 11.19% 31 0.06% 160 0.29% 0 0% 55,909 100%
Suket State 54,268 98.8% 587 1.07% 71 0.13% 2 0% 0 0% 0 0% 54,928 100%
Simla District 29,047 73.87% 5,820 14.8% 693 1.76% 3,666 9.32% 49 0.12% 45 0.11% 39,320 100%
Dujana State 20,161 79.11% 5,324 20.89% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 25,485 100%
Pataudi State 16,114 82.45% 3,338 17.08% 0 0% 9 0.05% 82 0.42% 0 0% 19,543 100%
Loharu State 16,178 86.99% 2,401 12.91% 0 0% 0 0% 18 0.1% 0 0% 18,597 100%
Total 7,127,863 54.48% 3,781,163 28.9% 2,070,288 15.82% 55,237 0.42% 40,798 0.31% 7,816 0.06% 13,083,165 100%
Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.

1921 census

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Religions in East Punjab, India region (1921)[9]: 29 [e]

  Hinduism (53.00%)
  Islam (29.05%)
  Sikhism (16.99%)
  Christianity (0.65%)
  Jainism (0.27%)
  Others[b] (0.05%)

Prior to partition, the eastern portion of Punjab that was ultimately awarded to India following the demarcation of the Radcliffe Line was made into a new province – East Punjab. The area includes the contemporary states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. Below is the religious demographics of this region broken down by district and princely state with an overall total as per the 1921 Indian census.

Religion in the Districts & Princely States of East Punjab, India region (1921)[9]: 29 [e]
District/
Princely state 		Hinduism   Islam   Sikhism   Christianity   Jainism   Others[b] Total
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Patiala State 642,055 42.81% 330,341 22.03% 522,675 34.85% 1,395 0.09% 3,249 0.22% 24 0% 1,499,739 100%
Firozpur district 306,350 27.89% 482,540 43.94% 302,761 27.57% 5,365 0.49% 1,211 0.11% 21 0% 1,098,248 100%
Amritsar district 204,435 22% 423,724 45.59% 287,004 30.88% 12,773 1.37% 1,375 0.15% 63 0.01% 929,374 100%
Hoshiarpur district 500,339 53.95% 289,298 31.19% 132,958 14.34% 3,745 0.4% 1,079 0.12% 0 0% 927,419 100%
Karnal district 573,224 69.17% 235,618 28.43% 12,280 1.48% 3,382 0.41% 4,222 0.51% 0 0% 828,726 100%
Jalandhar district 244,995 29.79% 366,586 44.57% 206,130 25.06% 4,088 0.5% 736 0.09% 9 0% 822,544 100%
Hisar district 548,351 67.13% 215,943 26.44% 45,615 5.58% 1,024 0.13% 5,874 0.72% 3 0% 816,810 100%
Rohtak district 629,592 81.52% 125,035 16.19% 602 0.08% 10,033 1.3% 7,010 0.91% 0 0% 772,272 100%
Kangra district 722,277 94.28% 38,263 4.99% 2,083 0.27% 363 0.05% 56 0.01% 3,023 0.39% 766,065 100%
Gurgaon district 460,134 67.47% 216,860 31.8% 924 0.14% 1,316 0.19% 2,762 0.4% 7 0% 682,003 100%
Ambala district 370,125 54.31% 205,750 30.19% 97,614 14.32% 5,679 0.83% 2,272 0.33% 37 0.01% 681,477 100%
Gurdaspur district[c] 168,178 26.3% 316,709 49.54% 125,322 19.6% 29,099 4.55% 20 0% 15 0% 639,343 100%
Ludhiana district 135,512 23.87% 192,961 33.99% 235,721 41.53% 1,613 0.28% 1,796 0.32% 19 0% 567,622 100%
Jind State 234,721 76.16% 43,251 14.03% 28,026 9.09% 637 0.21% 1,548 0.5% 0 0% 308,183 100%
Simla Hill States 292,768 95.45% 9,551 3.11% 2,040 0.67% 164 0.05% 142 0.05% 2,053 0.67% 306,718 100%
Kapurthala State 58,412 20.55% 160,457 56.44% 64,074 22.54% 1,100 0.39% 228 0.08% 4 0% 284,275 100%
Nabha State 133,870 50.84% 50,756 19.27% 78,389 29.77% 41 0.02% 278 0.11% 0 0% 263,334 100%
Mandi State 181,358 98.01% 3,462 1.87% 142 0.08% 10 0.01% 0 0% 76 0.04% 185,048 100%
Faridkot State 38,610 25.63% 44,813 29.74% 66,658 44.24% 107 0.07% 473 0.31% 0 0% 150,661 100%
Chamba State 130,489 91.98% 10,529 7.42% 242 0.17% 63 0.04% 3 0% 541 0.38% 141,867 100%
Nahan State 132,431 94.29% 6,449 4.59% 1,449 1.03% 44 0.03% 65 0.05% 10 0.01% 140,448 100%
Bilaspur State 96,000 97.96% 1,559 1.59% 437 0.45% 4 0% 0 0% 0 0% 98,000 100%
Malerkotla State 29,459 36.68% 28,413 35.37% 21,828 27.18% 37 0.05% 585 0.73% 0 0% 80,322 100%
Kalsia State 28,769 50.15% 20,394 35.55% 8,014 13.97% 4 0.01% 190 0.33% 0 0% 57,371 100%
Suket State 53,625 98.71% 659 1.21% 44 0.08% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 54,328 100%
Simla District 33,228 73.31% 6,953 15.34% 1,173 2.59% 3,823 8.43% 90 0.2% 60 0.13% 45,327 100%
Dujana State 20,135 77.94% 5,698 22.06% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 25,833 100%
Loharu State 17,978 87.18% 2,625 12.73% 0 0% 0 0% 18 0.09% 0 0% 20,621 100%
Pataudi State 15,090 83.38% 2,898 16.01% 0 0% 0 0% 109 0.6% 0 0% 18,097 100%
Total 7,002,510 53% 3,838,095 29.05% 2,244,205 16.99% 85,909 0.65% 35,391 0.27% 5,965 0.05% 13,212,075 100%
Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.

1931 census

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Religions in East Punjab, India region (1931)[10]: 277 [f]

  Hinduism[g] (48.86%)
  Islam (30.17%)
  Sikhism (20.01%)
  Christianity (0.65%)
  Jainism (0.25%)
  Others[b] (0.05%)

Prior to partition, the eastern portion of Punjab that was ultimately awarded to India following the demarcation of the Radcliffe Line was made into a new province – East Punjab. The area includes the contemporary states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. Below is the religious demographics of this region broken down by district and princely state with an overall total as per the 1931 Indian census.

Religion in the Districts & Princely States of East Punjab, India region (1931)[10]: 277 [f]
District/
Princely state 		Hinduism  [g] Islam   Sikhism   Christianity   Jainism   Others[b] Total
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Patiala State 623,597 38.36% 363,920 22.39% 632,972 38.94% 1,449 0.09% 3,578 0.22% 4 0% 1,625,520 100%
Firozpur district 244,688 21.15% 515,430 44.56% 388,108 33.55% 7,070 0.61% 1,411 0.12% 25 0% 1,156,732 100%
Amritsar district 174,556 15.63% 524,676 46.97% 399,951 35.8% 16,619 1.49% 1,272 0.11% 46 0% 1,117,120 100%
Hoshiarpur district 526,182 50.98% 328,078 31.78% 173,147 16.77% 3,764 0.36% 1,016 0.1% 0 0% 1,032,187 100%
Jalandhar district 268,822 28.49% 419,556 44.46% 249,571 26.45% 4,323 0.46% 1,379 0.15% 70 0.01% 943,721 100%
Hisar district 583,429 64.86% 253,784 28.21% 55,169 6.13% 1,107 0.12% 5,988 0.67% 2 0% 899,479 100%
Karnal district 570,297 66.89% 259,730 30.46% 16,928 1.99% 1,469 0.17% 4,190 0.49% 0 0% 852,614 100%
Rohtak district 655,963 81.42% 137,880 17.11% 596 0.07% 4,807 0.6% 6,375 0.79% 0 0% 805,621 100%
Kangra district 752,098 93.86% 40,483 5.05% 2,396 0.3% 576 0.07% 94 0.01% 5,665 0.71% 801,312 100%
Ambala district 346,809 46.68% 230,837 31.07% 155,555 20.94% 7,141 0.96% 2,550 0.34% 10 0% 742,902 100%
Gurgaon district 493,174 66.63% 242,357 32.74% 500 0.07% 1,463 0.2% 2,665 0.36% 4 0% 740,163 100%
Gurdaspur district[c] 154,631 21.37% 367,388 50.78% 162,741 22.49% 38,756 5.36% 15 0% 4 0% 723,535 100%
Ludhiana district 120,161 17.87% 235,598 35.03% 312,829 46.52% 2,477 0.37% 1,419 0.21% 10 0% 672,494 100%
Simla Hill States 317,390 95.93% 10,017 3.03% 1,817 0.55% 176 0.05% 141 0.04% 1,309 0.4% 330,850 100%
Jind State 243,561 75.02% 46,002 14.17% 33,290 10.25% 210 0.06% 1,613 0.5% 0 0% 324,676 100%
Kapurthala State 64,319 20.31% 179,251 56.59% 72,177 22.79% 983 0.31% 27 0.01% 0 0% 316,757 100%
Nabha State 132,354 46.02% 57,393 19.96% 97,452 33.89% 66 0.02% 309 0.11% 0 0% 287,574 100%
Mandi State 199,935 96.37% 6,351 3.06% 899 0.43% 141 0.07% 0 0% 139 0.07% 207,465 100%
Faridkot State 20,855 12.69% 49,912 30.37% 92,880 56.51% 167 0.1% 550 0.33% 0 0% 164,364 100%
Sirmoor State 139,031 93.58% 7,020 4.73% 2,413 1.62% 52 0.04% 52 0.04% 0 0% 148,568 100%
Chamba State 135,254 92.09% 10,839 7.38% 112 0.08% 94 0.06% 3 0% 568 0.39% 146,870 100%
Bilaspur State 99,023 98.05% 1,458 1.44% 507 0.5% 6 0.01% 0 0% 0 0% 100,994 100%
Malerkotla State 21,252 25.58% 31,417 37.82% 28,982 34.89% 135 0.16% 1,286 1.55% 0 0% 83,072 100%
Kalsia State 28,832 48.18% 21,797 36.42% 9,035 15.1% 22 0.04% 162 0.27% 0 0% 59,848 100%
Suket State 57,616 98.64% 733 1.25% 44 0.08% 1 0% 0 0% 14 0.02% 58,408 100%
Simla District 28,661 77.91% 5,810 15.79% 760 2.07% 1,540 4.19% 1 0% 14 0.04% 36,786 100%
Dujana State 22,347 79.2% 5,863 20.78% 1 0% 5 0.02% 0 0% 0 0% 28,216 100%
Loharu State 20,198 86.55% 3,119 13.36% 2 0.01% 1 0% 18 0.08% 0 0% 23,338 100%
Pataudi State 15,596 82.64% 3,168 16.79% 1 0.01% 3 0.02% 105 0.56% 0 0% 18,873 100%
Total 7,060,631 48.86% 4,359,867 30.17% 2,890,835 20.01% 94,623 0.65% 36,219 0.25% 7,884 0.05% 14,450,059 100%
Note: Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.

1941 census

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Religions in East Punjab, India region (1941)[11]: 42 [h]

  Hinduism[g] (46.95%)
  Islam (30.88%)
  Sikhism (21.14%)
  Christianity (0.69%)
  Jainism (0.21%)
  Others[b] (0.12%)

Prior to partition, the eastern portion of Punjab that was ultimately awarded to India following the demarcation of the Radcliffe Line was made into a new province – East Punjab. The area includes the contemporary states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. Below is the religious demographics of this region broken down by district and princely state with an overall total as per the 1941 Indian census.

Religion in the Districts & Princely States of East Punjab, India region (1941)[11]: 42 [h]
District/
Princely state 		Hinduism  [g] Islam   Sikhism   Christianity   Jainism   Others[b] Total
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Patiala State 597,488 30.86% 436,539 22.55% 896,021 46.28% 1,592 0.08% 3,101 0.16% 1,518 0.08% 1,936,259 100%
Firozpur district 287,733 20.22% 641,448 45.07% 479,486 33.69% 12,607 0.89% 1,674 0.12% 128 0.01% 1,423,076 100%
Amritsar district 217,431 15.38% 657,695 46.52% 510,845 36.13% 25,973 1.84% 1,911 0.14% 21 0% 1,413,876 100%
Hoshiarpur district 584,080 49.91% 380,759 32.53% 198,194 16.93% 6,165 0.53% 1,125 0.1% 0 0% 1,170,323 100%
Jalandhar district 311,010 27.59% 509,804 45.23% 298,741 26.5% 6,233 0.55% 1,395 0.12% 7 0% 1,127,190 100%
Hisar district 652,842 64.85% 285,208 28.33% 60,731 6.03% 1,292 0.13% 6,126 0.61% 510 0.05% 1,006,709 100%
Karnal district 666,301 66.99% 304,346 30.6% 19,887 2% 1,249 0.13% 2,789 0.28% 3 0% 994,575 100%
Rohtak district 780,474 81.61% 166,569 17.42% 1,466 0.15% 1,043 0.11% 6,847 0.72% 0 0% 956,399 100%
Kangra district 846,531 94.12% 43,249 4.81% 4,809 0.53% 788 0.09% 101 0.01% 3,899 0.43% 899,377 100%
Gurdaspur district[c] 174,221 20.21% 440,323 51.08% 200,688 23.28% 46,743 5.42% 25 0% 6 0% 862,006 100%
Gurgaon district 560,537 65.83% 285,992 33.59% 637 0.07% 1,673 0.2% 2,613 0.31% 6 0% 851,458 100%
Ambala district 412,658 48.68% 268,999 31.73% 156,543 18.47% 6,065 0.72% 3,065 0.36% 415 0.05% 847,745 100%
Ludhiana district 171,715 20.98% 302,482 36.95% 341,175 41.68% 1,913 0.23% 1,279 0.16% 51 0.01% 818,615 100%
Kapurthala State 61,546 16.27% 213,754 56.49% 88,350 23.35% 1,667 0.44% 380 0.1% 12,683 3.35% 378,380 100%
Jind State 268,355 74.17% 50,972 14.09% 40,981 11.33% 161 0.04% 1,294 0.36% 49 0.01% 361,812 100%
Simla Hill States 345,716 96.16% 10,812 3.01% 2,693 0.75% 161 0.04% 126 0.04% 12 0% 359,520 100%
Nabha State 146,518 42.59% 70,373 20.45% 122,451 35.59% 221 0.06% 480 0.14% 1 0% 344,044 100%
Mandi State 227,463 97.79% 4,328 1.86% 583 0.25% 11 0% 0 0% 208 0.09% 232,593 100%
Faridkot State 21,814 10.95% 61,352 30.79% 115,070 57.74% 247 0.12% 800 0.4% 0 0% 199,283 100%
Chamba State 155,910 92.3% 12,318 7.29% 107 0.06% 190 0.11% 0 0% 383 0.23% 168,908 100%
Sirmoor State 146,199 93.7% 7,374 4.73% 2,334 1.5% 38 0.02% 81 0.05% 0 0% 156,026 100%
Bilaspur State 108,375 98.22% 1,498 1.36% 453 0.41% 7 0.01% 3 0% 0 0% 110,336 100%
Malerkotla State 23,482 26.65% 33,881 38.45% 30,320 34.41% 116 0.13% 310 0.35% 0 0% 88,109 100%
Suket State 69,974 98.43% 884 1.24% 234 0.33% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 71,092 100%
Kalsia State 29,866 44.32% 25,049 37.17% 12,235 18.15% 55 0.08% 188 0.28% 0 0% 67,393 100%
Simla District 29,466 76.38% 7,022 18.2% 1,032 2.68% 934 2.42% 114 0.3% 8 0.02% 38,576 100%
Dujana State 23,727 77.37% 6,939 22.63% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 30,666 100%
Loharu State 23,923 85.77% 3,960 14.2% 7 0.03% 2 0.01% 0 0% 0 0% 27,892 100%
Pataudi State 17,728 82.38% 3,655 16.98% 0 0% 9 0.04% 128 0.59% 0 0% 21,520 100%
Total 7,963,083 46.95% 5,237,584 30.88% 3,586,073 21.14% 117,155 0.69% 35,955 0.21% 19,908 0.12% 16,959,758 100%
Note: Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.

2011 census

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Religion

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Religion in East Punjab (2011)[12]

  Hinduism (65.94%)
  Sikhism (28.63%)
  Islam (4.13%)
  Others (1.3%)

East Punjab comprising the states of (Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Union territory of Chandigarh) had a population of 61,014,852 people as of 2011 census report of India. The Hindus form a majority in East Punjab region with 40,234,605 adherents comprising (65.94%), Sikhs are 17,466,731 comprising (28.62%) of the region, Muslims are 2,518,159 comprising (4.12%) of the region and others are 795,357 including Christians, Buddhists, Jains, and atheists together comprising remaining (1.3%) of the region.

Sikhs are the majority in Punjab, while Hindus form the majority in Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, and Chandigarh. Muslims survived in districts of Malerkotla and Nuh. Christians have dominance in Punjab while Bhuddhist dominate Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh. [13]

Language

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Languages spoken in East Punjab (2011)[14]

  Punjabi (46.16%)
  Hindi (26.64%)
  Haryanvi (15.44%)
  Pahari languages (7.53%)
  Others (4.23%)

As per 2011 census, Punjabi is the most spoken language and is spoken by 28,166,306 people, followed by Hindi which is spoken by 16,259,205 people, Haryanvi by 9,423,138 people and Western Pahari language by 4,599,283 people. While 2,580,928 people speaks other languages like Nepali.[15]

Modern usage

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Since it ceased to be the name of a state, "East Punjab" has been used in India to refer to the eastern part of the present Punjab state, while in Pakistan it means the eastern part of Pakistan's Punjab province, although Pakistanis also sometimes refer to the current Indian Punjab as "East Punjab".[16] Terms East and West Punjab are also often used in modern India and Pakistan when making a comparison between the two territories.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b 1901 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Hisar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Delhi, Karnal, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Firozpur, Amritsar, Simla, Kangra, Ambala, Hoshiarpur, and Gurdaspur (minus Shakargarh Tehsil)), and princely states (Loharu, Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Kapurthala, Malerkotla, Faridkot, Patiala, Jind, Nabha, Nahan, Simla Hill, Mandi, Suket, and Chamba) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the Radcliffe Line. See 1901 census data here: [5]: 34 
    Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included Patiala and East Punjab States Union, Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh, and Bilaspur State. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Including Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated
  3. ^ a b c d e Does not include Shakargarh Tehsil, which was awarded to Pakistan as part of the Radcliffe Line.
  4. ^ a b 1911 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Hisar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Delhi, Karnal, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Firozpur, Amritsar, Simla, Kangra, Ambala, Hoshiarpur, and Gurdaspur (minus Shakargarh Tehsil)), and princely states (Loharu, Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Kapurthala, Malerkotla, Faridkot, Patiala, Jind, Nabha, Nahan, Simla Hill, Mandi, Suket, and Chamba) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the Radcliffe Line. See 1911 census data here: [7]: 27 [8]: 27 
    Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included Patiala and East Punjab States Union, Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh, and Bilaspur State. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.
  5. ^ a b 1921 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Hisar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Karnal, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Firozpur, Amritsar, Simla, Kangra, Ambala, Hoshiarpur, and Gurdaspur (minus Shakargarh Tehsil)), and princely states (Loharu, Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Kapurthala, Malerkotla, Faridkot, Patiala, Jind, Nabha, Nahan, Simla Hill, Bilaspur, Mandi, Suket, and Chamba) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the Radcliffe Line. See 1921 census data here:[9]: 29 
    Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included Patiala and East Punjab States Union, Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh, and Bilaspur State. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.
  6. ^ a b 1931 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Hisar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Karnal, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Firozpur, Amritsar, Simla, Kangra, Ambala, Hoshiarpur, and Gurdaspur (minus Shakargarh Tehsil)), and princely states (Loharu, Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Kapurthala, Malerkotla, Faridkot, Patiala, Jind, Nabha, Sirmoor, Simla Hill, Bilaspur, Mandi, Suket, and Chamba) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the Radcliffe Line. See 1931 census data here:[10]: 277 
    Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included Patiala and East Punjab States Union, Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh, and Bilaspur State. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.
  7. ^ a b c d Including Ad-Dharmis
  8. ^ a b 1941 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Hisar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Karnal, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Firozpur, Amritsar, Simla, Kangra, Ambala, Hoshiarpur, and Gurdaspur (minus Shakargarh Tehsil)), and princely states (Loharu, Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Kapurthala, Malerkotla, Faridkot, Patiala, Jind, Nabha, Sirmoor, Simla Hill, Bilaspur, Mandi, Suket, and Chamba) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the Radcliffe Line. See 1941 census data here:[11]: 42 
    Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included Patiala and East Punjab States Union, Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh, and Bilaspur State. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.

References

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  1. ^ Shimla Then & Now. Indus Publishing. 1 January 1996. ISBN 9788173870460 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ "Salient features of the act" (PDF). Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  3. ^ S. Gajrani, History, Religion and Culture of India (2004), p. 217
  4. ^ "Punjab Legislative Assembly". Archived from the original on 13 January 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
  5. ^ a b c "Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province". 1901. JSTOR saoa.crl.25363739. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  6. ^ a b "Punjab District Gazetteers Gurdaspur District Vol.21 Statistical Tables". 1913. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  7. ^ a b c "Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1911. JSTOR saoa.crl.25393788. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  8. ^ a b c Kaul, Harikishan (1911). "Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II". Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  9. ^ a b c "Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables". 1921. JSTOR saoa.crl.25430165. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  10. ^ a b c "Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1931. JSTOR saoa.crl.25793242. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  11. ^ a b c India Census Commissioner (1941). "Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab". JSTOR saoa.crl.28215541. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  12. ^ https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11361 [bare URL]
  13. ^ https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11361 [bare URL]
  14. ^ https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10191 [bare URL]
  15. ^ https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10191 [bare URL]
  16. ^ "Ties will grow, says Indian Punjab CM". 31 January 2004.


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