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List of Mongol rulers

(Redirected from Great Khans)

The following is a list of Mongol rulers.

8 of 15 khagans of the Mongol Empire.
Mongol Empire and its fragmentation
Imperial Seal of the Mongols
Imperial Seal of Bogd Khan

The list of states is chronological but follows the development of different dynasties.

Mongol Empire (1206–1368)

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Further information: Mongol Empire

Great Khans and Yuan dynasty

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For a more comprehensive list, see List of Yuan emperors.

Before Kublai Khan announced the dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271, Khagans (Great Khans) of the Mongol Empire (Ikh Mongol Uls) already started to use the Chinese title of Emperor (Chinese: 皇帝; pinyin: Huángdì) practically in the Chinese language since Genghis Khan (as 成吉思皇帝; 'Genghis Emperor').

With the establishment of the Yuan dynasty in 1271, the Kublaids became Yuan emperors, who took on a dual identity of Khagan for the Mongols and Huangdi for ethnic Han.

Ruler Reign Information
Genghis Khan 1206 - 1227 The first Khan of the Mongol Empire.
Tolui Khan 1227 - 1229 Regent of the Mongol Empire until his brother, Ögedei became Khan.
Ögedei Khan September 13, 1229 - December 11, 1241 The second Khan of the Mongol Empire.
Töregene Khatun 1242 - 1246 Regent of the Mongol Empire until the election of her son, Güyük Khan.
Güyük Khan August 24, 1246 - April 20, 1248 The third Khan of the Mongol Empire.
Oghul Qaimish 1248 - 1251 Regent of the Mongol Empire until her death in 1251.
Möngke Khan July 1, 1251 - August 11, 1259 The fourth Khan of the Mongol Empire.
Ariq Böke August 11, 1259 - August 12, 1264 Claimed the title of Great Khan and fought against Kublai in the Toluid Civil War.
Kublai Khan December 18, 1271 - February 18, 1294 The first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Temür Khan May 10, 1294 - February 10, 1307 The second emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Külüg Khan June 21, 1307 - January 27, 1311 The third emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan April 7, 1311 - March 1, 1320 The fourth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Gegeen Khan April 19, 1320 - September 4, 1323 The fifth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Yesün Temür October 4, 1323 - August 15, 1328 The sixth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Ragibagh Khan October 1328 - November 14, 1328 The seventh emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür October 16, 1328 - February 26, 1329.[1] (first reign)
September 8, 1329 – September 2, 1332 (second reign) 		The eighth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Khutughtu Khan Kusala February 27, 1329 - August 30, 1329 The ninth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Seized the throne from Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür.
Rinchinbal Khan October 23, 1332 – December 14, 1332 The tenth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Toghon Temür July 19, 1333 – September 10, 1368[1] The eleventh emperor and last emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Also the first emperor of the Northern Yuan Dynasty.

Golden Horde

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For a more comprehensive list, see List of khans of the Golden Horde.
See also: Wings of the Golden Horde

Left wing (White Horde)

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Further information: White Horde

Ögedei Khanete

Kaydu Ulus

Yenisei Kingdom

Right wing (Blue Horde)

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Further information: Blue Horde

Actual rulers of the Golden Horde (Jochid Ulus, Kipchak Khanate) were members of the House of Batu until 1361.

Ruler Reign Information
Batu Khan 1227 - 1255 The first Khan of the Golden Horde and the first Khan of its Western Half (the Blue Horde).
Sartaq Khan 1256 - 1257 The second Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Ulaghchi 1257 The third Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. The last Khan of the Golden Horde that believed in Tengrism.
Berke Khan 1257 - 1266 The fourth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. The first Islamic Khan of the Golden Horde and supporter of Ariq Böke in the Toluid Civil War.
Mengu-Timur 1266 - 1280 The fifth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Tode Mongke 1280 - 1287 The sixth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Talabuga 1287 - 1291 The seventh Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Toqta 1291 - 1312 The eighth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Özbeg Khan 1313 - 1341 The ninth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Tini Beg 1341 - 1342 The tenth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Jani Beg 1342 - 1357 The eleventh Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Berdi Beg 1357 - 1359 The twelve Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Qulpa August 1359 - February 1360 The thirteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Nawruz Beg 1360 The fourteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Khiḍr Khan 1360 - 1361 The fifteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Timur Khwaja 1361 The sixteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Ordu Malik 1361 The seventeenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Kildi Beg 1361 - 1362 The eighteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Abdallāh 1361 - 1370 The nineteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai.
Tulun Beg Khanum 1370 - 1371 The first Queen of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Muhammad Sultan 1370/1371 - 1379 The twentieth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai.
Tulak 1379 - 1380 The twenty-first Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai.

Great Horde (1466–1502)

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Main article: Great Horde

Ilkhanate

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Further information: Ilkhanate

After the murder of Arpa, the regional states established during the disintegration of the Ilkhanate raised their own candidates as claimants.

Claimants from eastern Persia (Khurasan):

  • Togha Temür (c. 1338–1353) (recognized by the Kartids 1338–1349; by the Jalayirids 1338–1339, 1340–1344; by the Sarbadars 1338–1341, 1344, 1353)
  • Luqman (1353–1388) (son of Togha Temür)

Chobanids (1335–1357)

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Main article: Chobanids

Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432)

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Main article: Jalayirid Sultanate

Injuids (1335–1357)

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Main article: Injuids

Arghun dynasty (1479?–1599?)

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Main article: Arghun dynasty

Chagatai Khanate

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For a more comprehensive list, see List of Chagatai khans.

The Chagatai Khanate was split into two parts, the Western Chagatai Khanate and the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan).

Western Chagatai Khanate

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From 1370 on, the Western Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur.

Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan)

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Further information: Moghulistan

Moghulistan was split into the Turpan Khanate and Yarkent Khanate in the late 15th century.

See also: List of khans of the Yarkent and Turpan khanates

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Turpan Khanate
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Further information: Turpan Khanate
Yarkent Khanate
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Further information: Yarkent Khanate

Kara Del (1383–1513)

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Main article: Kara Del

Northern Yuan dynasty (1368–1635)

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For a more comprehensive list, see List of Northern Yuan khans.

Khagans of the Mongols or Northern Yuan dynasty (rump state of Yuan dynasty until 1388):

Genghisid Khalkha Khans (1600s–1691)

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Independent Khalkha Mongol Khans (before Outer Mongolia merged into the Manchu Qing dynasty):

Tüsheet Khans

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See also: Tüsheet Khan
  • Abtai Sain Khan (1567–1588)
  • Eriyekhei Mergen Khan (1589–?)
  • Gombodorji Khan (d. 1655)
  • Chakhun Dorji Khan (1654–1698)

Jasagtu Khans

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  • Laikhur Khan
  • Subandai Khan
  • Norbu Bisireltü Khan (d. 1661)
  • Chambun Khan (1670?–)
  • Zenggün
  • Shara (d. 1687)

Sechen Khans

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  • Sholoi (1627–1652), son of Morbuim, succeeded his brother Khar Zagal in 1627. First with the title of Setsen Khan.
  • Babu (1652–1683), fifth son of Sholoi.
  • Norov (1683–1688), third son of Babu.
  • Navaanneren (1910–1922), eldest son of Tserendondov, who was the son of Orjinjav the son of Artased.

Altan Khan of the Khalkha

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See also: Altan Khan of the Khalkha

Oirats

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Four Oirat (1399–1634)

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Further information: Four Oirat
  • Khuuhai Dayuu (c. 1399)
  • Ugetchi Khashikha (Mongolian: Ögöchi Khashikha; Mönkhtömör)
  • Batula Chinsan (Bahamu, Mahamud) (1399–1408)
  • Togoon Tayisi (Toghan) (1408–1438)
  • Esen (1438–1454)
  • Amasanj (1454–1455)
  • Ush-Temür (Ish-Temür) (1455–1469)
  • Khishig Urlugh
  • Arkhan Chingsang

Dzungar Khanate

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Further information: Dzungar Khanate

Khans of Khoshut Khanate

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Further information: Khoshut Khanate

Khotgoid Khanate (late 16th century – late 17th century)

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Main articles: Altan Khan of Khalkha and Khotogoid

Torghud khans of the Kalmyk Khanate

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Further information: Kalmyk Khanate
  • Kho Orluk (d. 1644)
  • Shukhur Daichin (1644–1661)
  • Puntsuk (1661–1669)
  • Ayuka Khan (1669–1724)
  • Tseren Donduk Khan (1724–1735)
  • Donduk Ombo Khan (1735–1741)
  • Donduk Dashi Khan (1741–1761)
  • Ubashi Khan (1762–1771)

Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1924)

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Main article: Bogd Khanate of Mongolia
Ruler Photo Seal Reign Information
Bogd Khan     December 29, 1911 - May 20, 1924 The first and only Khan of the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia. Also the eighth Jebtsundamba Khutuktu.

See also

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^ a b Moule 1957, p. 104.

Sources

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  • Dughlát Muhammad Haidar, Norbert Elias, Edward Denison Ross – The Tarikh-i-rashidi
  • Henry Hoyle Howorth-History of the Mongols
  • Herbert Franke, Denis Twitchett, John King Fairbank -The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368
  • William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Laurence Lockhart, J. A. Boyle – The Cambridge history of Iran, 5
  • Konstantin Nikolaevich Maksimov – Kalmykia in Russia's past and present national policies and administrative system
  • Moule, Arthur C. (1957). The Rulers of China, 221 BC – AD 1949. London: Routledge. OCLC 223359908.
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