Wikipedia

Penny Marshall

For the British journalist, see Penny Marshall (journalist).

Carole Penny Marshall[1] (October 15, 1943 – December 17, 2018)[1][2] was an American actress, film director, and producer. She is best known for her role as Laverne DeFazio on the television sitcom Laverne & Shirley (1976–1983), receiving three nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy for her portrayal.

Penny Marshall
Publicity photo for Laverne & Shirley (1976)
Born
Carole Penny Marshall

(1943-10-15)October 15, 1943
New York City, U.S.
DiedDecember 17, 2018(2018-12-17) (aged 75)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Resting placeForest Lawn Memorial Park
EducationWalton High School
Occupations
  • Actress
  • director
  • producer
Years active1968–2018
Spouses
  • Mike Henry
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1963; div. 1966)​
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 1971; div. 1981)​
ChildrenTracy Reiner
FatherAnthony W. Marshall
Relatives

Marshall made her directorial debut with Jumpin' Jack Flash (1986) before directing Big (1988), which became the first film directed by a woman to gross more than $100 million at the U.S. box office. Her subsequent directing credits included Awakenings (1990), which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, A League of Their Own (1992), Renaissance Man (1994), The Preacher's Wife (1996), and Riding in Cars with Boys (2001). She also produced Cinderella Man and Bewitched (both 2005), and directed episodes of the television series According to Jim and United States of Tara.

Early life

edit

Carole Penny Marshall was born in Manhattan[3] on October 15, 1943,[4] to Marjorie Irene (née Ward), a tap dance teacher who ran the Marjorie Marshall Dance School, and Anthony W. Marshall (né Masciarelli), a director of industrial films and later a producer.[5] She had a brother, actor/director/TV producer Garry Marshall; and a sister, television producer Ronny Hallin. Penny's birth name, Carole, was selected because her mother's favorite actress was Carole Lombard. Her middle name was selected because her older sister Ronny, wanting a horse, was saving pennies; their mother chose the middle name in an attempt to console Ronny.[6]

Penny's father was of Italian descent, his family having come from Abruzzo,[7] and her mother was of German, English, and Scottish descent;[8][9] Marshall's father changed his surname from Masciarelli to Marshall before she was born.[10][11] Religion played an odd role in the Marshall children's lives. Garry was christened Episcopalian, Ronny was Lutheran, and Penny was confirmed in a Congregational Church, because "[Mother] sent us anyplace that had a hall where she could put on a recital. If she hadn't needed performance space, we wouldn't have bothered."[12]

She grew up at 3235 Grand Concourse, the Bronx, in a building which was also the childhood home of Neil Simon, Paddy Chayefsky, Calvin Klein, and Ralph Lauren.[13] She began her career as a tap dancer at age three, and later taught tap at her mother's dance school. She graduated from Walton High School, a public girls' high school in New York and then went to University of New Mexico for 21⁄2 years where she studied math and psychology. While at UNM, Marshall became pregnant with daughter Tracy Reiner (née Tracy Henry), and soon after married the father, Michael Henry, in 1963. The couple divorced three years later in 1966.[14] During this period, Marshall worked various jobs to support herself, including working as a choreographer for the Albuquerque Civic Light Opera Association.[15] In 1967,[16] she moved to Los Angeles to join her older brother Garry, a writer whose credits at the time included TV's The Dick Van Dyke Show (1961–1966).

Career

edit
 
Marshall (right) with Cindy Williams in a publicity photo for Laverne & Shirley, 1976

Marshall first appeared on a television commercial for Head and Shoulders beautifying shampoo. She was hired to play a girl with stringy, unattractive hair, and Farrah Fawcett was hired to play a girl with thick, bouncy hair. As the crew was lighting the set, Marshall's stand-in wore a placard that read "Homely Girl" and Fawcett's stand-in wore a placard that said "Pretty Girl". Fawcett, sensing Marshall's insecurity about her looks, crossed out "Homely" on the Marshall stand-in placard and wrote "Plain".[17]

Marshall and Billie Hayes were the only actresses to audition for the role of Witchiepoo for H.R. Pufnstuf, produced by Sid and Marty Krofft. Marshall thought that she was not right for the part, and Hayes got the role.[18]

In 1968 Marshall accepted an offer from her brother to appear in a movie he had written and was producing, a comedy called How Sweet It Is! (1968). She landed another small role in the biker film The Savage Seven (1968), as well as a guest appearance on the hit television series That Girl, starring Marlo Thomas.[19] Marshall was considered for the role of Gloria Bunker Stivic on All in the Family, but lost the part to Sally Struthers.[20]

In 1970, Garry Marshall became the executive producer of the television series The Odd Couple. The following year, Marshall was added to the permanent cast to play a secretary, Myrna, and held the role for four years. In Marshall's final appearance on The Odd Couple, her character married her boyfriend, Sheldn ("they left the "o" off the birth certificate", she explains), played by Rob Reiner, her real-life husband.[19] The episode included Marshall's real-life siblings, Garry and Ronny, as Myrna's brother and sister.[21]

While she was on The Odd Couple, Marshall played small roles in TV movies such as Evil Roy Slade (1972), starring John Astin and Mickey Rooney (and produced by brother Garry); The Crooked Hearts (1972) starring Douglas Fairbanks Jr. and Rosalind Russell, in which she played a waitress; The Couple Takes a Wife, starring Bill Bixby; and Wacky Zoo of Morgan City (1972).

In 1974, James L. Brooks and Allan Burns cast Marshall as Janice Dreyfuss, sister-in-law to Paul Dreyfuss (played by actor Paul Sand) in the series Paul Sand in Friends and Lovers. It aired on CBS-TV Saturday nights beginning September 14, 1974. Despite good reviews and decent ratings, it was canceled mid-season. Brooks and Burns, along with studio head Grant Tinker, were so impressed with Marshall's comedic talent that the following season, they hired Marshall and actress Mary Kay Place to play Mary Richards' new neighbors (Paula and Sally Jo) on The Mary Tyler Moore Show.[22]

Garry Marshall, creator and then part-time writer for Happy Days, cast Marshall and Cindy Williams to guest appear on an episode of the show. The installment, titled "A Date with Fonzie",[23] aired on November 11, 1975, and introduced the characters Laverne DeFazio and Shirley Feeney (played by Marshall and Williams, respectively). In that episode, Laverne and Shirley were a pair of wisecracking brewery workers who were dates for Fonzie (Henry Winkler) and Richie (Ron Howard). The pair were such a hit with the studio audience that Garry Marshall decided to co-create and star them in a successful spinoff, Laverne & Shirley (1976–1983).[24]

The characters of Laverne and Shirley appeared in five more episodes of Happy Days. In 1982 at the beginning of Laverne & Shirley's eighth season, Williams left the show due to her pregnancy. Marshall continued with the show, but it was canceled after that season's final episode aired in May 1983.[25]

In 1983, while still filming Laverne & Shirley, Marshall resumed working with James L. Brooks when she guest starred on Taxi in a cameo appearance as herself. In the Taxi episode "Louie Moves Uptown,"[citation needed] Marshall is turned down for residency in a new high-rise condominium in Manhattan. The Laverne & Shirley episode "Lost in Spacesuits"[citation needed] is referred to in the scene.

Marshall would again work with Brooks, now a co-producer for the animated series The Simpsons, when she lent her voice to Ms. Botz, a.k.a. Ms. Botzcowski, the "babysitter bandit," on the first produced episode of The Simpsons,[26] making her the first official guest star to appear on the show.

Marshall also played a cameo role as herself on the HBO series Entourage. She also made a cameo appearance alongside her brother Garry in the Disney Halloween-themed movie Hocus Pocus as husband and wife. She was reunited with her Laverne & Shirley co-star, Cindy Williams, on a November 2013 episode of Sam & Cat.[27][28][29]

Directing career

edit
 
Marshall at the 1988 Emmy Awards

With the encouragement of her brother, Marshall became interested in directing.[30] While starring on Laverne and Shirley, she began her directing career with four episodes of that show.[31]

In 1979, she directed several episodes of the short-lived sitcom Working Stiffs, starring Michael Keaton and James Belushi. She soon moved on to theatrical films; her first film was going to be Peggy Sue Got Married (which at that point was scheduled to star Debra Winger in the leading role). Marshall and the writers of the film, however, had creative differences, and Marshall left the project, with Winger also leaving out of loyalty to Marshall.[32]

Marshall was soon given the directorial job of the crime comedy Jumpin' Jack Flash (1986) starring Whoopi Goldberg after the original director dropped out of the project.[30] She also gave her daughter Tracy and her brother Garry roles in the film. Marshall described her leap into directing feature films as very hard to learn, likening it to "cramming four years of college into one semester."

While on set all day, she spent her nights planning out the rest of the film, trying to get it finished on time. Marshall also added that Whoopi Goldberg would take her aside and calm her down if she was looking exhausted that day.[33]

In 1999, Marshall's Parkaway Productions company was transferred from Universal to Sony. Jessica Cox was hired to run the company in 2000.[34]

Marshall directed several successful feature films from the mid-1980s onwards, including Big (1988) starring Tom Hanks (the first film directed by a woman to gross over US$100 million), Awakenings (1990) starring Robin Williams and Robert De Niro, A League of Their Own (1992) with Geena Davis, Tom Hanks, Madonna and Rosie O'Donnell, and The Preacher's Wife (1996) starring Denzel Washington and Whitney Houston. In 1991, she was awarded the Women in Film Crystal Award.[35]

In 1990, Jake Eberts hired her to direct Super Mario Bros. (1993), but she was replaced by Rocky Morton and Annabel Jankel after Roland Joffé replaced Eberts as producer.[36]

In 2010 and 2011, Marshall directed two episodes of the Showtime series United States of Tara. Women in Film and Video presented her with the Women of Vision Award in 2013.[37] Marshall planned on developing a biopic on Effa Manley, but it never materialized.[38]

Personal life

edit

While at college, Marshall met Michael Henry, a football player, and left school at age twenty to marry him in 1963.[39] They had one daughter named Tracy in 1964 (now Tracy Reiner). The marriage lasted three years.[16]

On April 10, 1971,[40] Marshall married actor and director Rob Reiner, who later adopted Tracy. Her marriage to Reiner ended in 1981. The couple had five grandchildren.[41]

Following her divorce from Reiner, Marshall dated actor Larry Breeding, who had made guest appearances on Laverne & Shirley. Marshall suffered a personal loss when Breeding was killed in a car accident in 1982. [42]

Marshall had a brief relationship with singer Art Garfunkel in the mid-1980s, and he credits her with helping him through his depression.[43]

In 2010, it was reported that Marshall had been diagnosed with lung cancer that had metastasized to her brain, but two years later she was "fine now".[44] Following her recovery she published a memoir, My Mother Was Nuts.[19]

Death

edit

Marshall died in Los Angeles on December 17, 2018, at the age of 75. According to her death certificate, her death was attributed to cardiopulmonary failure, cardiac arrest, and Type 1 diabetes.[45][46][47]

Marshall was cremated and her ashes are interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles. An 'L', like those her Laverne character wore, is emblazoned at the bottom of her headstone.[48]

Awards

edit

Works

edit

Central themes in Marshall's films

edit

Marshall's films tend to address contemporary issues in society such as coming of age, women’s accomplishments, and oppression of the mentally disabled.[54] For instance, the oppression of the mentally disabled is well elaborated in the film Awakenings. The film unites two big stars in a story about the plight of mentally disabled individuals and how a person who is not living with any life-threatening condition gets to learn a lesson about humanity after spending time with a mentally disabled person.[55][56] Achievement of women has been elaborated well in the film A League of Their Own, a film that stars two blood sisters joining the women’s baseball league during World War II. In that time, many men in professional leagues joined the armed forces.[57] The movie exposes exciting victories and personal conflicts on the field, while, at the same time, building sisterhood and strong bonds among teammates.

Film

edit
Year Title Director Executive
Producer
1986 Jumpin' Jack Flash Yes No
1988 Big Yes No
1990 Awakenings Yes Yes
1992 A League of Their Own Yes Yes
1994 Renaissance Man Yes Yes
1996 The Preacher's Wife Yes No
2001 Riding in Cars with Boys Yes No

Producer

Acting roles

edit
Year Film Role Notes
1968 The Savage Seven Tina [61]
1968 How Sweet It Is! Tour Girl [61]
1970 The Grasshopper Plaster Caster [61]
Where's Poppa? Courtroom Spectator Uncredited
1975 How Come Nobody's on Our Side? Theresa aka Capers[62]
1979 1941 Miss Fitzroy Uncredited[63]
1985 Movers & Shakers Reva Cameo[64]
1988 She's Having a Baby Herself Uncredited
1991 The Hard Way Angie [65]
1993 Hocus Pocus The Master's Wife Uncredited[66]
1995 Get Shorty Herself Cameo[67]
1998 The Emperor's New Clothes:
An All-Star Illustrated Retelling of the Classic Fairy Tale		 The Imperial Lady-in-Waiting #2 Voice[68]
1999 Special Delivery
2000 High Fidelity Funeral Attendee Uncredited
2004 Stateside Lt. Chevetone Uncredited[63]
2005 Looking for Comedy in the Muslim World Herself Cameo[69]
2007 Everybody Wants to Be Italian Teresa the Florist [70]
Alice Upside Down Mrs. Plotkin Direct-to-video film[71]
Blonde Ambition Bolo Executive [67]
2011 New Year's Eve Herself (segment "Ahern Party")
2014 Going to America Herself – Famous Director
2015 Staten Island Summer Dolores
Scooby-Doo! and Kiss: Rock and Roll Mystery The Elder Voice, Direct-to-video film[72]
2016 Mother's Day Narrator Voice[73]

Television

edit

Director

Year Title Notes
1979 Working Stiffs 1 episode: "The Preview Presentation"
1979–1981 Laverne & Shirley 4 episodes: "Squiggy in Love", "The Duke of Squigman", "The Dating Game", "But Seriously, Folks"[61]
1987 The Tracey Ullman Show 1 episode
1993 A League of Their Own 1 episode: "Dottie's Back"[74]
2009 According to Jim 2 episodes: "The Yoga Bear", "Physical Therapy"[61]
2010–2011 United States of Tara 2 episodes: "Explosive Diorama", "Wheels"[61]

Acting roles

edit
Year Title Role Notes
1968–1969 That Girl Assistant Librarian / Joan Episodes: "Secret Ballot", "Fix My Screen & Bug Out"[61]
1969 My Friend Tony Janet Episode: "Computer Murder"
Then Came Bronson Claire Episode: "The Runner"[75]
1970 Love, American Style Mary Agnes Episode: "Love and the Pick-Up" segment[61]
Barefoot in the Park Episode: "In Sickness and in Health"
The Wonderful World of Disney Mayor's Secretary Episodes: "The Wacky Zoo of Morgan City" (Parts 1 & 2)
1971 The Feminist and the Fuzz Liberation Lady Television film[76]
Getting Together Mona Episode: "Those Oldies But Goodies Remind Me of You"[77]
1972–1974 The Odd Couple Myrna Turner 27 episodes[63]
1972 Evil Roy Slade Bank Teller Television film[78]
The Super Janice Episode: "The Matchmaker"[79]
The Bob Newhart Show Stewardess Episode: "Fly the Unfriendly Skies"[61]
The Crooked Hearts Waitress Television film[79]
The Couple Takes a Wife Paula Television film[79]
1973 Banacek Receptionist Episode: "The Greatest Collection of Them All"
1974–1975 Paul Sand in Friends and Lovers Janice Dreyfuss 14 episodes[61]
1974–1976 The Mary Tyler Moore Show Toni / Paula Kovacs Episodes: "I Was a Single for WJM", "Murray in Love", "Menage-a-Lou"[61]
1975 Let's Switch! Alice Wright Television film[80]
Wives Connie Television film
Chico and the Man Anita Cappuccino Episode: "Chico and the Van"[79]
Saturday Night Live Herself Episode: "Rob Reiner"[63]
1975–1979 Happy Days Laverne DeFazio 5 episodes[61]
1976 Good Heavens Episode: "Take Me Out to the Ball Game"[81]
1976–1983 Laverne & Shirley Laverne DeFazio 178 episodes[61]
1977 Saturday Night Live Herself Episode: "Live from Mardi Gras"[63]
Blansky's Beauties Laverne DeFazio Episode: "Nancy Remembers Laverne"[82]
1978 Mork & Mindy Laverne DeFazio Episode: "Pilot"[63]
More Than Friends Matty Perlman Television film[79]
1979 Carol Burnett & Company Herself Episode #1.3[83]
1981–1982 Laverne & Shirley in the Army Laverne DeFazio Voice, 13 episodes[82]
1982 Mork & Mindy/Laverne & Shirley/Fonz Hour Laverne DeFazio Voice, 8 episodes (Laverne & Shirley with the Fonz segment)[63]
1983 Taxi Herself Episode: "Louie Moves Uptown"[63]
1984 The New Show Various Characters Episode #1.4[84]
Love Thy Neighbor Linda Wilson Television film[85]
1985 Challenge of a Lifetime Nora Schoonover Television film[86]
1990 The Simpsons Ms. Botz Voice, Episode: "Some Enchanted Evening"[63]
1993 The Odd Couple Together Again Myrna Television film[75]
1996 Saturday Night Live Various Characters Episode: "Rosie O'Donnell/Whitney Houston"[63]
1998 Tracey Takes On... Herself Episode: "Hollywood"
Nash Bridges Iris Heller Episode: "Skin Deep"
1999 Jackie's Back! Herself Cameo
2004 Frasier Celeste Voice, Episode: "Frasier-Lite"
2006 Campus Ladies Episode: "Webcam"[63]
Bones Herself Episode: "The Woman at the Airport"[63]
2008 The Game Doris Fox Episode: "A Delectable Basket of Treats"[63]
2012 The Life & Times of Tim PR Executive Voice, Episode: "The Smug Chiropractor/Corporate Disaster"
Portlandia Barbara Episode: "Feminist Book Store 10th Anniversary"[63]
2013 Sam & Cat Sylvia Burke Episode: "#SalmonCat"[27]
2014 Mulaney Tutti Episode: "Sweet Jane"[87]
2016 The Odd Couple Patty Dombrowski Episode: "Taffy Days", (final appearance)[60]

References

edit
  1. ^ a b Born Carole Penny Marshall in 1943, as per My Mother Was Nuts, a Memoir, p. 10; ISBN 978-0-547-89262-7. Copyright 2012
  2. ^ Gates, Anita (December 18, 2018). "Penny Marshall, 'Laverne & Shirley' Star and Movie Director, Dies at 75". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  3. ^ Penny Marshall birth registration in the New York City birth index at Ancestry.com
  4. ^ Gates, Anita (December 18, 2018). "Penny Marshall, 'Laverne & Shirley' Star and Movie Director, Dies at 75". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
  5. ^ "Garry Marshall Interview". comedyontap.com. Archived from the original on October 26, 2013.
  6. ^ "A Penny for your Horsey?". Kentucky New Era. June 24, 1977. p. 10.
  7. ^ LaSalle, Mick (May 26, 2006). "This Jewish boy's life will make you laugh (and get a bit verklempt?)". The San Francisco Chronicle.
  8. ^ "An Interview with the Cast of Keeping up with the Steins". movieweb.com. Archived from the original on April 18, 2007.
  9. ^ "Penny Marshall". chicagotribune.com. August 19, 2005.
  10. ^ Canavese, Peter (May 5, 2006). "Groucho Reviews: Interview: Garry Marshall—Keeping Up With the Steins". GrouchoReviews.com.
  11. ^ "...Anthony "Tony" Masciarelli", a handsome, athletic young man majoring in advertising at New York University ... To better his chances, he changed his last name from Masciarelli to Marshall and forevermore denied that he was both Italian and Catholic". My Mother Was Nuts, a Memoir, p. 4; ISBN 978-0-547-89262-7. 2012.
  12. ^ My Mother Was Nuts, a Memoir, p. 18.
  13. ^ Abramowitz, Rachel (2000). Is That a Gun in Your Pocket? Women's Experience of Power in Hollywood. New York: Random House, ISBN 0-679-43754-1, p. 289
  14. ^ Kalogerakis, George (December 23, 1996). "Penny Marshall". People. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
  15. ^ Barnes, Mike (December 18, 2018). "Penny Marshall, 'Laverne & Shirley' Star Turned Director, Dies at 75". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
  16. ^ a b Abramowitz, p. 290
  17. ^ Abramowitz, pp. 290–91
  18. ^ Hurwitz, Matt (February 13, 2020). "The Craft of the Kroffts: Sid & Marty's Road to Hollywood's Walk of Fame". Variety. Retrieved February 13, 2020.
  19. ^ a b c Gilbey, Ryan (December 19, 2018). "Penny Marshall obituary". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
  20. ^ "Penny Marshall's Ex-Husband Rob Reiner Reacts To Death Of Former Wife". The Inquisitr. December 18, 2018. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
  21. ^ Leszczak, Bob (2014). The Odd Couple on Stage and Screen: A History with Cast and Crew Profiles and an Episode Guide. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. pp. 82–83, 207. ISBN 978-0-7864-7790-6.
  22. ^ "Penny Marshall's Most Memorable TV Roles, from Laverne & Shirley to Portlandia". Peoplemag. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
  23. ^ Kaimal, Vishnu (December 19, 2018). "Penny Marshall passes away; a look back at Laverne's contributions to TV and films". www.ibtimes.co.in. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
  24. ^ Pedersen, Erik (December 18, 2018). "Penny Marshall Dies: 'Laverne & Shirley' Star And 'Big', 'League Of Their Own' Helmer Was 75". Deadline. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
  25. ^ "'Laverne & Shirley' Star Cindy Williams Spills Show Secrets in New Tell-All | Entertainment Tonight". www.etonline.com. June 9, 2015. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
  26. ^ Kurp, Josh (December 17, 2019). "'The Simpsons' Debuted 30 Years Ago Today With An Episode That Wasn't Supposed To Be The Premiere". Uproxx. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
  27. ^ a b Bibel, Sara (June 26, 2013). "Penny Marshall and Cindy Williams to Reunite on Nickelodeon's 'Sam & Cat'". TVbytheNumbers. Archived from the original on June 28, 2013. Retrieved June 26, 2013.
  28. ^ "'Laverne & Shirley' stars reunite on Nick comedy". Yahoo.com. June 26, 2013.
  29. ^ "Laverne & Shirley Stars Penny Marshall, Cindy Williams To Reunite on Nickelodeon's Sam & Cat". Yahoo!TV. June 26, 2013.
  30. ^ a b "Penny Marshall—Director, Producer—Biography". Tribute.ca.
  31. ^ Abramowitz, p. 295
  32. ^ London, Michael. "IS 'PEGGY SUE' NEAR THE ALTAR WITH COPPOLA?," Los Angeles Times (Nov 28, 1984), p. h1.
  33. ^ Mills, Nancy (October 28, 1986). "From the Archives: Penny Marshall on making the leap to directing with 'Jumpin' Jack Flash': 'I was scared stiff'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  34. ^ Brodesser, Claude (June 7, 2000). "Cox to drive to Parkway in veep seat". Variety. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  35. ^ "Past Recipients: Crystal Award". Women in Film. Archived from the original on June 30, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
  36. ^ "Super Mario Bros". AFI Catalog. Retrieved April 27, 2024.
  37. ^ "Women of Vision Awards". Women in Film & Video. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
  38. ^ Yamato, Jen (December 11, 2014). "Penny Marshall Back To Baseball With Biographical picture Of First Female Hall Of Famer". Archived from the original on December 13, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  39. ^ "PENNY MARSHALL'S FAVORITE MISTAKE: GETTING PREGNANT AT 19". Newsweek. September 17, 2012.
  40. ^ California Marriage Index, 1960–1985, marriage of Carole P. Marshall and Robert Reiner, Los Angeles
  41. ^ Abramowitz, p. 291
  42. ^ Brant, Marley (March 26, 2006). Happier Days: Paramount Television's Classic Sitcoms, 1974-1984. Billboard Books. ISBN 9780823089338. Retrieved March 26, 2023 – via Google Books.
  43. ^ "Artgarfunkel.com". Artgarfunkel.com. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
  44. ^ Gostin, Nicki (October 4, 2012). "Penny Marshall talks cancer, abortion, reconciling with 'Laverne & Shirley co-star in new memoir". Fox. Retrieved September 20, 2015.
  45. ^ "Death Certificate" (PDF). Tmz.vo.llnwd.net. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
  46. ^ Dennis McClellan (December 18, 2018). "Penny Marshall, who played feisty Laverne in 'Laverne & Shirley' before directing movies, dies at 75". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
  47. ^ "Penny Marshall's cause of death revealed". Fox News. December 31, 2018. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
  48. ^ Snyder, Molly (December 17, 2019). "From an "L" on her shirt to an A-list director: Penny Marshall lives on with her female fans". OnMilwaukee. Retrieved October 24, 2022.
  49. ^ "Penny Marshall". TV Guide. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
  50. ^ "Billy Crystal Receives Two Comedy Awards". AP News. March 29, 1992. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  51. ^ "Television Hall of Fame: Actors". Online Film & Television Association. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  52. ^ "Penny Marshall". Hollywood Walk of Fame. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  53. ^ Fitz-Gerald, Sean (February 14, 2013). "Society of Camera Operators to honor Penny Marshall". Variety. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  54. ^ “Big’: THR’s 1988 Review” The Hollywood Reporter, June 3, 2016, accessed November 2, 2021,
  55. ^ Emanuel Levy, “Awakenings (1990): De Niro as Patient in Penny Marshall’s Oscar-Nominated Medlodrama, Co-Starring Robin Williams” Emanuel Levy Cinema, February 1, 2007, accessed November 2, 2021.
  56. ^ Keltner, Norman L. "Real Reels (Movie Review) Awakenings Penny Marshall (Director)." Perspectives in Psychiatric Care 42, no. 2 (2006): 156-157.
  57. ^ Peter Brandshaw, “Penny Marshall: a Hollywood power player and comedy connoisseur,” The Guardian, December 19, 2018, accessed November 2, 2021.
  58. ^ "Getting Away With Murder | TV Guide". TVGuide.com. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  59. ^ "With Friends Like These... | TV Guide". TVGuide.com. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  60. ^ a b c Grow, Kory (December 18, 2018). "Penny Marshall, Director and 'Laverne & Shirley' Actress, Dead at 75". Rolling Stone. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
  61. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Dagan, Carmel (December 18, 2018). "Penny Marshall, 'Laverne & Shirley' Star, Director, Dies at 75". Variety. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
  62. ^ "How Come Nobody's On Our Side?". www.shockcinemamagazine.com. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  63. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Penny Marshall | TV Guide". TVGuide.com. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  64. ^ Maltin, L. (2014). Leonard Maltin's 2015 Movie Guide. Penguin Publishing Group. p. pt1612. ISBN 978-0-698-18361-2. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  65. ^ Frame by Frame II: A Filmography of the African American Image, 1978-1994. Indiana University Press. 1997. p. 214. ISBN 978-0-253-21120-0. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  66. ^ "Look Back on 'Hocus Pocus' Scene Starring Siblings Penny and Garry Marshall as Bickering Couple". People. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  67. ^ a b "Laverne and Shirley star Penny Marshall dies at 75". Stuff. December 18, 2018. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
  68. ^ "Audio Special: Celebrity Readings From 'The Emperor's New Clothes'". archive.nytimes.com. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  69. ^ Hoberman, J. (2012). Film After Film: (Or, What Became of 21st Century Cinema?). Verso. p. 124. ISBN 978-1-84467-751-1. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  70. ^ The Hollywood Reporter. Hollywood Reporter. 2008. p. 4. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  71. ^ "Alice Upside Down". The Hollywood Reporter. February 11, 2008. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  72. ^ Milligan, Mercedes (April 20, 2015). "Scooby-Doo Meets KISS in 'Rock and Roll Mystery'". Animation Magazine. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
  73. ^ Barker, Andrew (April 28, 2016). "Film Review: 'Mother's Day'". Variety. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
  74. ^ "A League of Their Own | TV Guide". TVGuide.com. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  75. ^ a b Leszczak, Bob (2014). The Odd Couple on Stage and Screen: A History with Cast and Crew Profiles and an Episode Guide. p. 83.
  76. ^ Andrews, Travis M. (December 18, 2018). "Doing it her way: Penny Marshall broke barriers for women — but rejected the 'feminism' label". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  77. ^ "Penny Marshall, in pictures". CNN. December 18, 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  78. ^ White, Mike. "Cashiers du Cinemart - Issue 11 - Evil Roy Slade". Cashiers du Cinemart Magazine. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  79. ^ a b c d e Marshall, Penny (2012). My Mother was Nuts: A Memoir. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 103–109. ISBN 9780547892627.
  80. ^ New York Magazine. April 22, 1985.
  81. ^ Leszczak, Bob (2012). Single Season Sitcoms, 1948-1979: A Complete Guide. McFarland. p. 59.
  82. ^ a b "Penny Marshall, 'Laverne & Shirley' star, director, dies at 75". celebrity.nine.com.au. December 18, 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  83. ^ "The Paley Center for Media". The Paley Center for Media. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  84. ^ "SCTV Guide - After SCTV - The New Show". www.sctvguide.ca. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  85. ^ Snauffer, Douglas (2015). The Show Must Go On: How the Deaths of Lead Actors Have Affected Television Series. McFarland. p. 10.
  86. ^ Corry, John (February 14, 1985). "'Challenge of a Lifetime,' with Penny Marshall". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  87. ^ Guide, T. V. "Penny Marshall and Lorraine Bracco to Play Lesbian Couple on Fox's Mulaney". Uticaod. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Penny Marshall.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penny_Marshall&oldid=1258093395"