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Qazax District

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Qazax District (Gazakh District; Azerbaijani: Qazax rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. Located in the northwest of the country, it belongs to the Gazakh-Tovuz Economic Region. The district borders the district of Aghstafa, and the Tavush Province of Armenia. Its capital and largest city is Gazakh. As of 2020, the district had a population of 98,400.[2]

Gazakh District
District
Azerbaijani: Qazax rayonu
Map of Azerbaijan showing Gazakh District
Map of Azerbaijan showing Gazakh District
Country Azerbaijan
RegionGazakh-Tovuz
Established8 August 1930
CapitalGazakh
Settlements[1]35
Government
 • GovernorRajab Babashov
Area
 • Total700 km2 (300 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)[2]
 • Total98,400
 • Density140/km2 (360/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+4 (AZT)
Postal code
3500
Websiteqazax-ih.gov.az

It has two exclaves inside Armenia, which include the villages of Yukhari Askipara, Barkhudarly, Sofulu. Both of the exclaves and parts of mainland Qazax District (the villages of Baghanis Ayrum, Ashaghi Eskipara, Gyzylhajily, and Kheyrimli) were captured by Armenian forces during the First Nagorno-Karabakh war.

History

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Situation in western Gazakh following the First Nagorno-Karabakh war

The region was conquered by a succession of neighboring powers or invaders, including Armenians, Sassanid Persians, the Byzantine Empire, the Arabs, the Seljuq Turks, the Georgians, the Mongols, the Timurids, the Qara Qoyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu Turkoman tribes, and finally Safavid Iran. It was also ruled by Ottoman Empire between 1578 and 1607 and again 1722 and 1735.

By the end of the XV century, the Kazakh Sultanate was established as a sovereign geopolitical entity in the region. Though it was part of the Karabakh principality during the Safavid Empire, Sultan Shamsaddin of Gazakh was given the rank of Khan by the decree of Abbas the Great in 1605.

After the Russo-Persian War (1804–1813), the Russian Empire gained control of the area by virtue of the Treaty of Gulistan. Under Russian rule, it was part of Tiflis Governorate before forming the northeastern part of the Kazakh Uyezd of the Elisabethpol Governorate in 1868. A contemporary military historian noted the following ethnographic detail: "Abbas Mirza's route lay through the country of the great tribe of the Casaks, which is extremely strong and thickly wooded." He further notes that: "These have no connection with the Russian Cossacks. They are descended from men of the Kirgis Casaks, left by Genghis Khan. They are frequently called Karapapakh, from wearing black sheep-skin caps."[3]

When the South Caucasus came under British occupation, Sir John Oliver Wardrop, British Chief Commissioner in the South Caucasus, decided that assigning the Erivan Governorate and the Kars Oblast to Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA) and the Elisabethpol and Baku Governorates to the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) would solve the region's outstanding disputes. However, this proposal was rejected by both Armenians (who did not wish to give up their claims to Gazakh, Zangezur (today Syunik), and Nagorno-Karabakh) and Azerbaijanis (who did not wish to give up their claims to Nakhchivan). As conflict broke out between the two groups, the British left the region in mid-1919.

Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

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During the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Armenian troops took control of several villages of the Gazakh District. Several Azerbaijani inhabitants were killed during the war although some of them were able to flee.[4]

In July 2020, Gazakh became a site for clashes with Armenia.[5]

In April 2024, Armenia and Azerbaijan reached an agreement whereby Armenia handed over four abandoned villages within Qazax District to Azerbaijan: Bağanis Ayrum, Aşağı Əskipara, Xeyrimli, and Qızılhacılı.[6]

Population

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Population by towns and regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan (at the beginning of the years, thsd. persons)[7]
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Gazakh region 89,9 90,8 91,4 92,0 92,7 93,7 94,7 95,8 96,7 97,6 98,4 98,9
Urban population 20,8 21,0 21,0 21,0 21,0 21,2 21,4 21,6 21,8 21,9 22,0 22,0
Rural population 69,1 69,8 70,4 71,0 71,7 72,5 73,3 74,2 74,9 75,7 76,4 76,9

List of historic and tourist sites

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There are 112 protected monuments in the region of Gazakh, of which 54 are archaeological, 46 are architectural, 7 are historical, and 5 are of artistic significance. Historic and tourist sites in this region include:

  • The House of the Poet Samad Vurgun in Yukhari Salahli village, since 1976.
  • The Museum of History and Ethnography, since 1984.
  • The Gazakh State Picture Gallery by the Ministry of Culture of Azerbaijan, since 1986.
  • The Memorial museum of Molla Panah Vagif and Molla Vali Vidadi, since 1970.
  • The House of Teachers Seminary of Gazakh, built in 1910, functioned between 1918 and 1959.
  • The Bath House of Israfil Agha, built in the first decade of the 20th century by Israfil Agha Kerbelayev from the village of Kasaman.
  • The Damjili Caves, in the village of Dash Salahli, south-east of the mount Avey, cover an area of 360 km2 and refer to Middle and Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic eras.
  • Sining Korpu (The Broken Bridge) (Azerbaijani: Sınıq körpü), a 12th-century bridge built over the Ehram (Khram) river in the village Ikinji Shikhli.
  • Didevan Castle (Azerbaijani: Didəvan qalası), a 6th-7th century monument in the village of Khanliglar.
  • Mount Goyazan (Azerbaijani: Göyəzən dağı), a rare archaeological monument in the village of Abbasbeyli, rises 857.9 metres above sea level.
  • The Baba-Dervish settlement, an archaeological site in the village Demirchiler.
  • The Kazim Bridge in the village of Yukhari Askipara, allegedly built during the reign of Shamsi Khan.
  • The Juma Mosque of Qazakh, built in 1902 by Akhund Haji Zeynalabdin Mahammadli oghlu from the village of Kasaman.
  • The Aslanbeyli Mosque built in 1909 by Hamid Efendi, the native of village Aslanbeyli.
  • Santepe, an archaeological site dating to the 9th-8th centuries B.C. and the Iron Age.
  • The Gazakhbeyli Hills, an archaeological site dating from the 8th-6th centuries B.C. near the village of Gazakhbeyli.
  • The Shikhli Human Camp, an archaeological site near the village of Birinji Shikhli.
  • Shakargala, in the Gazakh region.

Prominent people from Gazakh

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Name of Villages Name of Villages Name of Villages
1-I Shikhli 16-Khanliglar 31-Ashaghi Eskipara
2-II Shikhli 17-Jafarli 32-Yukhari Eskipara
3-Yukhari Salahli 18-Bala Jafarli 33-Aghkoynak
4-Aslanbeyli 19-Barkhudarli 34-Garapapaq
6-Kamarli 21-Demirchiler
7-Ashaghi Salahli 22-Alpout
8-Orta Salahli 23-Urkmazli
9-Gazaxbeyli 24-Abbasbeyli
10-Kosalar 25-Gyzyl Hajili
11-Janalli 26-Farahli
12-Huseynbeyli 27-Mazam
13-Dash Salahli 28-Gushchu Ayrim
14-Chayli 29-Baghanis Ayrim
15-Kommuna 30-Kheyrimli

References

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  1. ^ "İnzibati-ərazi vahidləri" (PDF). preslib.az. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Population of Azerbaijan". stat.gov.az. State Statistics Committee. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  3. ^ Lt-Gen. William Monteith, Kars and Erzeroum: With the Campaigns of Prince Paskiewitch, in 1828 and 1829; and an Account of the conquests of Russia beyond the Caucasus, from the time of Peter the Great to the Treaty of Turcoman Chie and Adrianople, London: Longman, 1856, p. 60
  4. ^ "Ermənistan-Azərbaycan, Dağlıq Qarabağ münaqişəsi nəticəsində Qazax rayonunda hərbi təcavüzün nəticələri barədə MƏLUMAT". www.qazax-ih.gov.az. KAZAKH DISTRICT EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN. 3 December 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020. Xocalı soyqırımında olduğu kimi Qazax rayonunun Bağanıs Ayrım kəndində Dədəş Əsliyevin 4 nəfərdən ibarət ailə üzvü və 3 nəfər kənd sakini ermənilər tərəfindən diri-diri yandırılmışdır.
  5. ^ Harutyunyan, Sargis; Danielyan, Emil. "Armenia-Azerbaijan Border 'Calm' After Deadly Clashes". azatutyun.am. RFE/RL. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020. ...the border between Armenia's northern Tavush province and the Tovuz district in Azerbaijan, the scene of the clashes.
  6. ^ Hayden, Jones (2024-04-20). "Armenia agrees to return 4 villages to Azerbaijan". Politico Europe. Axel Springer SE. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
  7. ^ Samadov (www.anarsamadov.net), Anar. "Population". The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
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41°05′36″N 45°21′58″E / 41.0933°N 45.3661°E / 41.0933; 45.3661

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