Robert Lincoln McNeil Jr. (July 13, 1915 – May 20, 2010) was an American chemist and pharmaceutical industry executive. He was responsible for, among other things, the commercial development, naming, and introduction of the pain reliever Tylenol.[1][2]
Robert L. McNeil Jr. | |
|---|---|
 With AIC Gold Medal, 2005 | |
| Born | July 13, 1915 |
| Died | May 20, 2010 (aged 94) |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Yale University, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science |
| Spouse | Nancy McKinney Jones |
| Awards | American Institute of Chemists Gold Medal |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Chemist |
McNeil was born in Bethel, Connecticut, on July 13, 1915, and was raised in the Germantown neighborhood of Philadelphia. He earned two undergraduate degrees, the first in 1936 from Yale University, where he majored in physiological chemistry and bacteriology, after which he started working part-time at the family's pharmaceutical business, McNeil Laboratories, Inc., which was run by his father, R. Lincoln McNeil. He earned a second bachelor's degree in 1938, this from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science.[1]
After completing college in 1938, he joined McNeil Laboratories full-time, coming on board to what had been the family business for three generations having been founded in 1879.[1] The company had been founded as a corner drug store and had grown into selling medicines on a commercial basis.[3] He began the process of transforming the company, adding a research and development group to develop new prescription medications and restructuring the array of products being offered for sale.[1]
To compete with the aspirin products sold by his company's competitors and having heard of work being done on the chemical by researchers, McNeil started in 1951 pursuing the development of what he named "acetaminophen", a chemical that had been discovered decades earlier but was little tested at the time as a pain reliever.[1] The chemical's name N-acetyl-p-aminophenol was the source for the generic name "acetaminophen" (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol) coined by McNeil, as well as of the brand name "Tylenol" (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol), which was coined by a colleague.[3] McNeil recognized that high production costs would mean that the product would have to sell at a higher price than the commonly available aspirin, but that it would have the benefit of not causing stomach irritation.[1][4] Tylenol was initially approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 1955 for sale on a prescription basis, and became available for sale to consumers over the counter in 1960. Elixir Tylenol, a liquid medicine advertised "for little hotheads" went on sale as the first product bearing the Tylenol brand name. McNeil was named chairman of McNeil in 1956 and he remained as chairman of the company after it was purchased in 1960 by Johnson & Johnson for $30 million in stock and was operated as a subsidiary of that firm.[1][3][5]
On September 11, 2001, McNeil donated an original copy of the first public print of the Constitution, published in the Pennsylvania Packet on September 19, 1787, to the National Constitution Center.[6]
In 2006, the Philadelphia Museum of Art exhibited 50 pieces of presidential china that McNeil donated to the museum, part of a collection of 450 pieces that ranged from the presidencies of George Washington through Ronald Reagan. The collection includes a large number of pieces of the rare Lincoln china service.[7] The collection was described by The New York Times as being "considered one of the most important outside the White House".[8]
McNeil also created the Barra Foundation, dedicating to helping non-profits to improve life in the greater Philadelphia area.[9][10]
McNeil died of heart failure at age 94 on May 20, 2010, at his Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, home. He was survived by his wife, the former Nancy McKinney Jones, as well as by two daughters, two sons and 11 grandchildren.[1]
Awards
edit- 2005 Membership to the American Philosophical Society[11]
- 2005 American Institute of Chemists Gold Medal[12]
External links
edit- Center for Oral History. "Robert L. McNeil, Jr". Science History Institute.
- Bowden, Mary Ellen; Thackray, Arnold (15 August 2002). Robert L. McNeil, Jr., Transcript of Interviews Conducted by Mary Ellen Bowden and Arnold Thackray at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania on 13 and 30 August 2001, and 15 August 2002 (PDF). Philadelphia, PA: Chemical Heritage Foundation.
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h Singer, Natasha. "Robert L. McNeil Jr., Chemist Who Introduced Tylenol, Dies at 94", The New York Times, June 3, 2010. Accessed June 4, 2010.
- ^ Bowden, Mary Ellen; Thackray, Arnold (15 August 2002). Robert L. McNeil, Jr., Transcript of Interviews Conducted by Mary Ellen Bowden and Arnold Thackray at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania on 13 and 30 August 2001, and 15 August 2002 (PDF). Philadelphia, PA: Chemical Heritage Foundation.
- ^ a b c Brown, Emma. "Robert L. McNeil Jr., 94, dies; third-generation pharmacist marketed Tylenol", The Washington Post, May 26, 2010. Accessed June 4, 2010.
- ^ "Robert McNeil, Jr". Chemical Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on July 12, 2016. "Presented with a proposal to put N-acetyl p-aminophenol on the market, the marketing and sales executives on the New Products Committee raised the obvious question: why try to sell a drug to compete with aspirin that would cost more than aspirin?"
- ^ Domush, Hilary (2010). "The Philanthropist in the Pharmacy". Chemical Heritage Magazine. Fall. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
- ^ "Constitution Printing - National Constitution Center". 2017-07-16. Archived from the original on 16 July 2017. Retrieved 2023-12-27.
- ^ Detweiler, Susan G. (2008). American Presidential China: The Robert L. McNeil, Jr., Collection at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. New Haven, Conn.: Philadelphia Museum of Art and Yale University Press. p. 48. ISBN 9780876331927.
- ^ Moonan, Wendy. "Presidential China on View at Philadelphia Museum ", The New York Times, July 7, 2006. Accessed June 4, 2010.
- ^ Moss, Roger W. (2014). Athenaeum Profiles: A Not-for-Profit Education. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Press. ISBN 978-1-58456-328-0.
- ^ "History". The Barra Foundation. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-06-15.
- ^ "Gold Medal Awards". American Institute of Chemists. Retrieved 27 October 2014.