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Saint Francis Xavier Mission (Lewis County, Washington)

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Not to be confused with Saint Francis Xavier Mission (De Pere, Wisconsin).

The Saint Francis Xavier Mission, in Lewis County, Washington three miles north of present-day Toledo,[1][2] was the first Catholic mission in what is now the U.S. state of Washington.[3][4] As of 2019, the Saint Francis Xavier Mission is the oldest Catholic church in the state.[5]

Saint Francis Xavier Mission
Saint Francis Xavier Mission, 2019
Map
46°28′05″N 122°49′25″W / 46.4681634°N 122.8237273°W / 46.4681634; -122.8237273
CountryUnited States
DenominationCatholic Church
History
Founded16 December 1838 (1838-12-16)

History

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Church interior (2019).

The first recorded Mass held at the site was on December 16, 1838, by François Norbert Blanchet, who co-founded the mission with Modeste Demers.[1][a][3][6] Although considered the founding date,[4] the mission cemetery predates the mission, having been started by the Hudson's Bay Company approximately in 1831.[5] The mission, which originally occupied 640 acres of Cowlitz Prairie,[6] is also known as the Cowlitz Mission[5] and as Saint Mary's by members of the Cowlitz Indian Tribe,[7] after a girl's boarding school that operated there from 1911 to 1973.[2]

Here and elsewhere, Blanchet used a visual device known as the "Catholic Ladder" as a means of instruction about the history of Christianity and the Catholic Church. There is a wooden reproduction of the Catholic ladder as part of the present-day mission.[1][8]

One of the largest changes that has impacted the Church of Saint Francis Xavier since the departure of the Franscscian Friars is the lack of clergy. The parish, once the hub of several other Southwest Washington missions has been reduced to one. Its former parishes included Sacred Heart in Winlock (closed 2016), Morton's Sacred Heart (closed 2018), Saint Agnes in Napavine (closed 1980), and St. Urban's Our Lady of the Assumption which closed in 1965. The Church of Saint Yves, located in Harmony, and the church of Saint Mary in Kelso are all that remain from the once large mission.[7] Since 2009 the former St. Mary's has served as senior housing for the tribe.[9]

Building history

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In foreground, St. Joseph Hall (church hall); in background at left, the former St. Mary's Academy, now property of the Cowlitz Indian Tribe and used mainly as senior housing (2019).

There have been a series of buildings on the site. The first chapel was a log building erected no later than July 1839.[6][4] It was replaced by a larger church in 1879 which was destroyed by fire in 1901. The blaze resulted in the loss of the parish records as well as the death of a priest, Father Van Holdebeke, who died of injuries sustained trying to salvage those records.[4] A rebuilt church was destroyed by fire in 1916. A new brick church was built in 1917, but its interior burned in 1932;[4] the present-day church is a rebuilt version of the 1917 brick church.[10] There have also been several church halls, friaries, and rectories existing on the grounds since its inception.[4]

Education

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The Sisters of Providence operated a convent and the Providence of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart School from November 13, 1876, through the school year of 1897–1898, teaching both boys and girls, separately from one another. Most of their students were French Canadian Catholics. The school failed financially owing in part to the Depression of 1893 and the increased availability of public schools in nearby towns.[11] Later, Franciscan friars served at the mission from 1908 to 1996, and Franciscan Sisters (Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Charity[11]) operated a boarding school for girls, St. Mary's Academy, 1911 to 1973;[2] the buildings for this school are distinct from those of the old Sisters of Providence school.[11] The former St. Mary's buildings are now owned by Cowlitz Tribal Housing, associated with the Cowlitz Indian Tribe.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The source gives a founding date of 1839, contradicting most others.[1]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Kirk, Ruth; Alexander, Carmela (1990). Exploring Washington's Past: A Road Guide to History. University of Washington Press. p. 396. ISBN 0295968443.
  2. ^ a b c Jenkins, Don (1996-06-17). "Western Washington To Lose Last Friar, Franciscan Mission". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
  3. ^ a b Pearson, Arnold; Pearson, Esther (1980). Early Churches of Washington State. University of Washington Press. p. 3. ISBN 0295957131.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Jones, Pat (2007-03-03). "Toledo's St. Francis Catholic Mission Burned Three Times". Centralia, Washington: The Daily Chronicle. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
  5. ^ a b c "The Story of the Historic Cowlitz Mission". discoverlewiscounty.com. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
  6. ^ a b c "St. Francis Xavier Mission". wlpcatholic.org. Chehalis, Washington: St Joseph Parish Office. 2015. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
  7. ^ a b Dupres, Christine (2014-12-14). Being Cowlitz: How One Tribe Renewed and Sustained Its Identity. University of Washington Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-0295805399.
  8. ^ Parietti, Jean (2013-04-24). "Remembering early missionaries". Northwest Catholic. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
  9. ^ Allen, Marqise (2009-12-04). "Cowlitz Tribe Unveils New Toledo Senior Living Center; Toledo: Former Catholic Mission Continues to Expand as Tribal Center". Centralia, Washington: The Daily Chronicle. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
  10. ^ Keaton, Nancy (2017-03-21). "These Walls Do Talk – Old Churches Tell the History of Lewis County". lewistalk.com. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
  11. ^ a b c "Providence of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart(Cowlitz, Washington) records" (PDF). providence.org. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
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