Schenectady County, New York

Schenectady County (/skəˈnɛktədi/) is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 158,061. The county seat is Schenectady. The name is from a Mohawk language word meaning "on the other side of the pine lands," a term that originally applied to Albany. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.

Schenectady County
County
The Nott Memorial
Flag Seal
Location within the U.S. state of New York
New York's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 42°49′N 74°04′W
Country	United States
State	New York
Founded	1809
Named for	Mohawk skahn-éht-ati, "beyond the pines"
Seat	Schenectady
Largest city	Schenectady
Area
• Total	209 sq mi (540 km2)
• Land	205 sq mi (530 km2)
• Water	4.9 sq mi (13 km2)  2.3%
Population  (2020)
• Total	158,061
• Density	772.3/sq mi (298.2/km2)
Time zone	UTC−5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district	20th
Website	www.schenectadycounty.com

Schenectady County is part of the Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is west of the confluence of the Mohawk with the Hudson River. It includes territory on the north and the south sides of the Mohawk River.

History

This area of the river valley was historically occupied by the Mohawk people, the easternmost of the Five Nations comprising the Iroquois Confederacy or Haudenosaunee. They cultivated maize fields in the flats along the Mohawk River and had villages in the hills.

European settlement started in the present-day county by Dutch colonists in the 17th century; the village of Schenectady was founded in 1661. The fur traders in Albany kept a monopoly and prohibited settlers in Schenectady from the trade; those residents mostly became farmers. Other areas of the county were also developed for farming. The English enforced the Albany monopoly on the fur trade when they took over the New Netherland colony in 1664.

The English organized counties in the Province of New York in 1683; the area of the present-day Schenectady County was included in Albany County. Albany County contained an enormous area, including the northern part of New York State as well as all of the present State of Vermont and, in theory, extending westward to the Pacific Ocean. This county was reduced in size on July 3, 1766, by the creation of Cumberland County, and further on March 16, 1770, by the creation of Gloucester County, both containing territory now within the state of Vermont.

On March 12, 1772, Albany County was divided to form two other counties. The area of Schenectady County was still within the reduced Albany.

From 1772 to 1786 Albany County included, besides the present territory of Albany County, all of the present Columbia, Rensselaer, Saratoga, and Schenectady counties, parts of the present Greene and Washington counties, and a piece of what is now southwestern Vermont.

In 1786 Albany County was reduced in size when Columbia County was organized; and again in 1791 by the splitting off of Rensselaer and Saratoga counties and the transfer of the Town of Cambridge to Washington County. It was further reduced in size in 1795 by the splitting off of a part that was combined with a portion of Otsego County to create Schoharie County. It was further reduced in size in 1800 by the splitting off of a part that was combined with a portion of Ulster County to create Greene County.

In 1809, Schenectady County was split from Albany County and has kept its current borders. The city of Schenectady was designated as the county seat and is the only city in the county. Major European immigration began in the mid-19th century, with the arrival of Irish refugees from the Great Famine. More immigrants were attracted to the city for its industrial jobs, including those from Italy and Poland. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the city became an industrial powerhouse and center of innovation, the headquarters of General Electric and other national corporations.

The city of Schenectady reached its peak of population in 1930 but the county reached its peak in 1970, according to US Census data (see table below for county data.) These differences reflect different settlement patterns and the development of suburban housing outside the city limits. The city of Schenectady lost many jobs and population in the late 20th century due to industrial and railroad restructuring; some people stayed in the county working at alternative positions, including commuting to the capital of Albany.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 209 square miles (540 km²), of which 205 square miles (530 km²) is land and 4.9 square miles (13 km²) (2.3%) is water.

Schenectady County is located in east central New York State, northwest of Albany, an area usually considered "Upstate".

Adjacent counties

• Saratoga County - northeast
• Albany County - southeast
• Schoharie County - southwest
• Montgomery County - west

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1810	10,201		—
1820	13,081		28.2%
1830	12,347		−5.6%
1840	17,387		40.8%
1850	20,054		15.3%
1860	20,002		−0.3%
1870	21,347		6.7%
1880	23,538		10.3%
1890	29,797		26.6%
1900	46,852		57.2%
1910	88,235		88.3%
1920	109,363		23.9%
1930	125,021		14.3%
1940	122,494		−2.0%
1950	142,497		16.3%
1960	152,896		7.3%
1970	160,979		5.3%
1980	149,946		−6.9%
1990	149,285		−0.4%
2000	146,555		−1.8%
2010	154,727		5.6%
2020	158,061		2.2%
U.S. Decennial Census 1790-1960 1900-1990 1990-2000 2010-2020

As of the census of 2010, there were 154,727 people, 60,684 households, and 39,918 families residing in the county. The population density was 275/km² (710/sq mi). There were 68,032 housing units at an average density of 122/km² (320/sq mi). The racial makeup of the county was 79.77% White, 9.79% Black or African American, 0.23% Native American, 3.97% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.21% from other races, and 2.00% from two or more races. 6.17% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 24.3% were of Italian, 14.7% Irish, 8.7% German, 6.4% Polish, 4.0 Puerto Rican, 3.9% English ancestry according to Census 2010. 87.6% spoke English, 4.7% Spanish and 1.1% Italian as their first language.

There were 60,684 households, out of which 30.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.50% were married couples living together, 14.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.30% were non-families. 30.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.30% under the age of 18, 7.90% from 18 to 24, 28.10% from 25 to 44, 23.00% from 45 to 64, and 16.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 92.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.30 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $53,399 ($41,739-2000), and the median income for a family was $57,670. Males had a median income of $41,840 versus $29,339 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,992. About 7.80% of families and 11.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.70% of those under age 18 and 5.50% of those age 65 or over.

2020 census

Schenectady County racial composition

Race	Num.	Perc.
White (NH)	104,878	66.4%
Black or African American (NH)	15,943	10.1%
Native American (NH)	930	0.6%
Asian (NH)	8,281	5.23%
Pacific Islander (NH)	130	0.08%
Other/Mixed (NH)	15,394	9.8%
Hispanic or Latino	12,505	7.9%

Government and politics

United States presidential election results for Schenectady County, New York

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	30,741	40.96%	42,465	56.58%	1,841	2.45%
2016	28,953	43.03%	33,747	50.16%	4,580	6.81%
2012	26,568	40.92%	36,844	56.74%	1,521	2.34%
2008	29,758	42.61%	38,611	55.28%	1,473	2.11%
2004	32,066	46.16%	35,971	51.78%	1,432	2.06%
2000	27,961	41.76%	35,534	53.07%	3,459	5.17%
1996	22,106	33.14%	35,404	53.07%	9,199	13.79%
1992	26,258	35.55%	32,335	43.77%	15,277	20.68%
1988	33,364	47.40%	36,483	51.83%	539	0.77%
1984	42,808	58.09%	30,612	41.54%	277	0.38%
1980	32,003	45.37%	29,932	42.44%	8,599	12.19%
1976	40,789	54.58%	31,838	42.60%	2,105	2.82%
1972	47,529	61.46%	29,619	38.30%	191	0.25%
1968	33,687	46.79%	34,786	48.31%	3,529	4.90%
1964	21,848	29.60%	51,892	70.30%	80	0.11%
1960	40,180	52.01%	37,003	47.90%	70	0.09%
1956	58,540	72.98%	21,673	27.02%	0	0.00%
1952	54,272	66.48%	27,157	33.27%	208	0.25%
1948	35,495	52.60%	28,225	41.82%	3,765	5.58%
1944	35,178	51.08%	33,397	48.49%	294	0.43%
1940	34,101	51.30%	32,041	48.20%	334	0.50%
1936	26,914	45.30%	31,027	52.23%	1,466	2.47%
1932	28,187	52.81%	22,230	41.65%	2,954	5.53%
1928	29,428	56.58%	21,277	40.91%	1,304	2.51%
1924	24,514	61.75%	9,167	23.09%	6,018	15.16%
1920	19,208	57.20%	8,741	26.03%	5,633	16.77%
1916	9,759	47.45%	8,962	43.58%	1,845	8.97%
1912	5,230	31.49%	5,345	32.19%	6,032	36.32%
1908	9,944	52.72%	7,129	37.80%	1,789	9.48%
1904	9,535	59.04%	5,981	37.03%	634	3.93%
1900	6,769	56.48%	4,783	39.91%	432	3.60%
1896	4,903	55.05%	3,711	41.66%	293	3.29%
1892	3,481	43.22%	4,081	50.66%	493	6.12%
1888	3,633	51.03%	3,328	46.75%	158	2.22%
1884	3,260	51.07%	2,977	46.64%	146	2.29%

Voters in Schenectady County have typically leaned Democratic since the mid-20th century. They have given small to moderate leads to Democrats since 1988 in presidential elections. The congressman Paul Tonko is a Democrat. Schenectady County is a statewide bellwether in presidential elections, as it has voted for the statewide presidential winner in every presidential election since 1980. This is the longest such streak of any county in the state. Legislative authority is vested in the County Legislature, which consists of 15 members representing 8 communities, separated into four districts. The current composition of the Legislature is as follows (10 Democrats, 2 Republicans, and 3 Conservatives who caucus with the Democrats):

District 1 - Schenectady:

•    Richard Patierne (D)
•    Richard Ruzzo (D)
•    Margaret King (D)

District 2 - Schenectady:

•    Philip Fields (D), deputy chair
•    Gary Hughes (D), majority leader
•    Jeffrey M. McDonald (D), vice chair

District 3 - Glenville, Niskayuna, and Scotia:

•    Thomas Constantine (D)
•    Cathy Gatta (D)
•    Grant Socha (C)
•    Sara Mae Pratt (D)
•    Michelle Ostrelich (D)

District 4 - Duanesburg, Princetown, and Rotterdam:

•    Anthony Jasenski (D), chair
•    Brian McGarry (R), minority leader
•    Randy Pascarella (C)
•    Holly Vellano (C)

County government

Schenectady County was governed by an elected board of supervisors until 1966, after voters approved a new county charter under New York's home rule law.

On January 2, 1966, a board of representatives replaced the county supervisors. In 1987, a 15-member legislature replaced the board of representatives. The legislature hires a county manager to oversee day-to-day government operations.

Schenectady County managers

Name	Term
Theodore Birbilis	January 2, 1966 – December 31, 1967
Robert W. Williams	January 1, 1968 – June 30, 1968 (interim)
Carl F. Sanford	July 1, 1968 – November 30, 1977
Robert D. McEvoy	1978 – December 31, 2000
George A. Davidson	January 1, 2001 – February 10, 2002 (interim)
Kevin D. DeFebbo	February 11, 2002 – December 31, 2005
Kathleen A. Rooney	January 1, 2006 – June 6, 2019
Dr. Rory L. Fluman	June 7, 2019 – present

County services

The county operates the Schenectady County Public Library (SCPL), which consists of a central library and eight branches.

Communities

Larger settlements

#	Location	Population	Type	Sector
1	†Schenectady	66,135	City	East
2	Niskayuna	23,278	CDP	East
3	Rotterdam	20,652	CDP	East
4	Scotia	7,729	Village	East
5	East Glenville	6,616	CDP	East
6	Mariaville Lake	722	CDP	West
7	Duanesburg	391	CDP	West
8	Delanson	377	Village	West
9	Duane Lake	323	CDP	West

† - County seat

Towns

• Duanesburg
• Glenville
• Niskayuna
• Princetown
• Rotterdam

Hamlets

• Alplaus
• Aqueduct
• Quaker Street

See also

• List of counties in New York
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Schenectady County, New York

Further reading

• Lockhart, Charlotte (1921). Family Bible Records of Schenectady County. Unknown.
• Sullivan, James; Williams, Melvin E.; Conklin, Edwin P.; Fitzpatrick, Benedict, eds. (1927), "Chapter I. Schenectady County.", History of New York State, 1523–1927 (PDF), vol. 2, New York, Chicago: Lewis Historical Publishing Co., p. 703-08, hdl:2027/mdp.39015019994048, Wikidata Q114149636
• Yates, Austin A. (1902). Schenectady County, New York: Its History to the Close of the Nineteenth Century. the New York History Company., selected chapters available online in transcribed version, including one on genealogy

External links

• Official Schenectady County government site
• Schenectady County Historical Society
• Schenectady County Public Library