Sirikit[a][1] (born Mom Rajawongse Sirikit Kitiyakara[b]; 12 August 1932) is a member of the Thai royal family who was Queen of Thailand from 28 April 1950 to 13 October 2016 as the widow of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX). She is the mother of King Vajiralongkorn (Rama X).
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|---|---|
| Queen Mother of Thailand | |
 Queen Sirikit in 2007 | |
| Queen consort of Thailand | |
| Tenure | 28 April 1950 – 13 October 2016 |
| Coronation | 5 May 1950 |
| Born | Sirikit Kitiyakara 12 August 1932 Bangkok, Siam |
| Spouse | |
| Issue Detail |
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| House |
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| Father | Nakkhatra Mangala |
| Mother | Bua Snidvongs |
| Religion | Theravada Buddhism |
| Signature |  |
She met Bhumibol in Paris, where her father was Thai ambassador. They married in 1950, shortly before Bhumibol's coronation. Sirikit was appointed queen regent in 1956, when the king entered the Buddhist monkhood for a period of time. Sirikit has one son and three daughters with the king. Consort of the monarch who was, at the time the world's longest-reigning head of state, she was also the world's longest-serving queen consort. Sirikit suffered a stroke in 2012 and has since refrained from public appearances.
Early life and family
editSirikit was born on 12 August 1932, at the home of Lord Vongsanuprabhand, her maternal grandfather. She is the eldest daughter and the third child of Prince Nakkhatra Mangkala Kitiyakara, the son of Prince Kitiyakara Voralaksana, and Mom Luang Bua Snidvongs (1909–1999). Her name, which was given by Queen Rambai Barni, means "the greatness of Kitiyakara".[2]
She had three siblings, two elder brothers and a younger sister:
- Prince Kalyanakit Kitiyakara, M.D. (20 September 1929 – 15 May 1987)
- Prince Adulakit Kitiyakara (2 November 1930 – 5 May 2004)
- Princess Busba Kitiyakara (born 2 August 1934)
Sirikit was raised by her maternal grandparents for a year after her birth, since her father was in the United States to work as the secretary of the Siamese Embassy at Washington, D.C. Her mother joined her husband three months later. When she was one year old, her parents returned to Thailand. Sirikit lived together with her family in Deves Palace, near the Chao Phraya River, Bangkok.[3]
As a child, Sirikit often visited her paternal grandmother. Once in 1933, she travelled with Princess Absornsaman Devakula following King Prajadhipok's tour in Songkhla.[4]
Education
editAt age four, Sirikit attended the Kindergarten College at Rajini School (sometimes called the Queen's College), where she studied at the primary level. During that time the Pacific War was being fought. Bangkok was bombed many times, especially the rail lines, making travel unsafe. She therefore moved to Saint Francis Xavier Convent School, since it was near the palace. She studied at Saint Francis Xavier from her second primary year through the early secondary level.[5][6]
In 1946, with the war now over, her father moved to the United Kingdom as the ambassador to the Court of St James's, taking his family with him. Sirikit was then 13 and completed her secondary education. While in England she learned to play the piano and became fluent in English and French. Because of her father's work as a diplomat, the family moved to other countries, including Denmark and France. While in France, she studied at a music academy in Paris.
Also in France, Sirikit met King Bhumibol Adulyadej, who was related to her, since both were descendants of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V). At that time, Bhumibol had ascended to the throne and was studying in Switzerland. Bhumibol and Sirikit (as well as a few other students) were staying at the Royal Thai Embassy in Paris. Sirikit accompanied the king as he visited various tourist attractions, and they found that they had much in common.
Marriage
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On 4 October 1948, while Bhumibol was driving a Fiat Topolino on the Geneva-Lausanne road, he collided into the rear of a braking truck 10 km outside of Lausanne. He injured his back and incurred cuts on his face that cost him most of the sight in one eye.[7] He subsequently wore an ocular prosthetic. While he was hospitalised in Lausanne, Sirikit visited him frequently. She met his mother, The Princess Mother Sangwan, who asked her to continue her studies nearby so that the king could get to know her better. Bhumibol selected a boarding school for her in Lausanne, Riante Rive. A quiet engagement in Lausanne followed on 19 July 1949,[7] and the couple married on 28 April 1950, just a week before his coronation. The royal pair had four children, through whom they had twelve grandchildren and six great-grandchildren.
Establishment of the Queen
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The marriage took place at Srapathum Palace. Queen Sri Savarindira, the Queen Grandmother presided over the marriage ceremony. Both the king and Sirikit signed on line 11 of their certificate of marriage. As she was not yet 18, her parents also signed, on line 12 directly under her signature. She later received the Order of the Royal House of Chakri, and became queen. After the coronation ceremony on 5 May 1950, both went back to Switzerland to continue their studies, and returned to Bangkok in 1952.
Issue
edit| Name | Birth | Marriage | Their children | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Spouse | |||
| Princess Ubolratana | 5 April 1951 | 25 July 1972 Divorced 1998 |
Peter Ladd Jensen | Ploypailin Jensen |
| Poom Jensen | ||||
| Sirikitiya Jensen | ||||
| Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) | 28 July 1952 | 3 January 1977 Divorced 12 August 1991 |
Soamsawali Kitiyakara | Bajrakitiyabha, Princess Rajasarini Siribajra |
| February 1994 Divorced 1996 |
Yuvadhida Polpraserth | Juthavachara Vivacharawongse | ||
| Vacharaesorn Vivacharawongse | ||||
| Chakriwat Vivacharawongse | ||||
| Vatchrawee Vivacharawongse | ||||
| Princess Sirivannavari | ||||
| 10 February 2001 Divorced 11 December 2014 |
Srirasmi Suwadee | Prince Dipangkorn Rasmijoti | ||
| 1 May 2019 | Suthida Tidjai | None | ||
| Sirindhorn, Princess Royal | 2 April 1955 | None | None | |
| Chulabhorn, Princess Srisavangavadhana | 4 July 1957 | 7 January 1982 Divorced 1996 |
Virayudh Tishyasarin | Princess Siribha Chudabhorn |
| Princess Aditayadorn Kitikhun | ||||
Regency
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When the king undertook the traditional period as a Buddhist monk in 1956, Queen Sirikit acted as regent.[8] She performed her duties so well that she was officially named the Regent of Thailand and the King gave her the title 'Somdet Phra Nang Chao Sirikit Phra Borommarachininat' on his birthday, 5 December 1956. She became the second Siamese queen regent in Thai history. The first was Queen Saovabha Phongsri of Siam, who served as regent when her husband King Chulalongkorn travelled to Europe, and later became Queen Sri Patcharindra.[citation needed]
Health
editAt dawn on 21 July 2012, Queen Sirikit felt unsteady and staggered while exercising at Siriraj Hospital, where King Bhumibol Adulyadej resided. After performing magnetic resonance imaging, a team of physicians determined that she had suffered an ischemic stroke.[9]
The queen was treated and has refrained from public appearances since, including the grand audience granted by her husband on his 85th birthday from the Ananta Samakhom Hall on 5 December 2012.[10]
On 29 November 2016, the palace announced that the queen had been discharged from the hospital and has returned to the Chitralada Royal Villa due to her recovery.[11]
Cultural status
editQueen Sirikit's birthday, like the king's, is a national holiday, and is also Mothers' Day in Thailand. She is particularly revered in the more remote and traditional parts of the country, where the monarchy is regarded as semi-divine.[citation needed] Her work in promoting tolerance and understanding for the Muslim minorities in the southernmost provinces of Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat have made her especially popular amongst Thai Muslims.[citation needed] The queen has a strong bond with southern Thailand, and she formerly spent months in the Muslim-majority provinces every year. She is considered to be one of the more quiet diplomats.[12]
Books and writing
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Queen Sirikit published In Memory of my European Trip in 1964, which described her time in Europe with the king. She has also composed songs for performance by The Handsome Band, the band of the palace.
The songs she composed were:
- Chao Chom Khwan (เจ้าจอมขวัญ)
- That Thoe (ทาสเธอ)
- Sai Yut (สายหยุด)
- Nang Yaem (นางแย้ม)
Honours and awards
editIn 1976, the Thai government honored the queen by declaring her birthday a national holiday. The Queen's birthday is celebrated on 12 August each year.[13]
Volunteer Defense Corps of Thailand Rank
edit- Volunteer Defense Corps General[14]
Foreign honours
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Austria: Grand Star of the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria[15]
Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold
Brunei: Member of the Family Order of Laila Utama
Denmark: Knight of the Order of the Elephant
Ethiopian Empire: Collar of the Order of the Queen of Sheba
Germany: Grand Cross Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Kingdom of Greece: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Beneficence
Indonesia: Star of Mahaputera, 1st Class
Imperial Iran: Dame of the Order of the Pleiades
Italy: Dame Grand Cross of The Order of Merit of the Italian Republic[16]
Japan: Paulownia Grand Cordon of the Order of the Precious Crown
Kingdom of Laos: Grand Cross of the Order of the Million Elephants and the White Parasol
Laos: Medal of the Order of Phoxay Lane Xang
Luxembourg: Knight of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau
Malaysia: Recipient of the Order of the Crown of the Realm
Selangor: First Class of the Royal Family Order of Selangor
Terengganu: First Class of the Family Order of Terengganu
Kelantan: Recipient of the Royal Family Order of Kelantan
Kingdom of Nepal: Member of the Nepal Pratap Bhaskara
Netherlands: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Norway: Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav
Philippines: Grand Collar of the Order of the Golden Heart
Portugal: Grand Cross of the Military Order of Saint James of the Sword
Romania: Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania
Spain :
- Dame Grand Cross of the Royal and Distinguished Spanish Order of Charles III (13 November 1987)[17]
- Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (3 November 1960)[18]
Sweden: Member of the Order of the Seraphim
Taiwan: Special Grand Cordon of the Order of Propitious Clouds (1963)[19]
Eponyms
editQueen Sirikit is well known for her charitable work, where she is the honorary president of the Thai Red Cross, a post she has held since 1956. She gained new prominence in this role in the aftermath of the tsunami disaster in southern Thailand in December 2004. She has also been active in relief work for the many refugees from Cambodia and Myanmar in Thailand.
Many things in Thailand have been named after the Queen:
- the Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, children's hospital
- the Queen Sirikit Medical Center building, Ramathibodi Hospital
- the Queen Sirikit Centre for Breast Cancer, a new 10-storey hospital in Bangkok
- the Queen Sirikit National Convention Center in Bangkok
- the Queen Sirikit Park in Bangkok
- the Sirikit Dam on the Nan River, Uttaradit Province
- the Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Chiang Mai Province[20]
- the Queen Sirikit Arboretum Garden, Pathum Thani Province
- the Queen Sirikit Cup, an annual Asian-Pacific golfing event
- the Queen Sirikit Crab (Thaiphusa sirikit)
- the Queen Sirikit Rose
- the Queen's Cup, annual football competition
The queen is also active in promoting Thai culture and history, mainly through her initiative in the making of the Thai movie The Legend of Suriyothai, one of the most lavish and expensive Thai movies ever made.[21]
Genealogical table
edit| Relationship with Bhumibol Adulyadej and Sirikit[22] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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See also
editNotes
editReferences
edit- ^ "Rare royal photos of Queen Sirikit released for 90th birthday". nationthailand. 13 August 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
- ^ https://www.silpa-mag.com/club/art-and-culture/article_19343[not specific enough to verify]
- ^ "พระราชประวัติการศึกษา สมเด็จพระนางเจ้าสิริกิติ์ฯ | รอยยิ้มของในหลวง ร.9". 18 October 2017.
- ^ "สมเด็จพระนางเจ้าสิริกิติ์ฯ - แขกเลี้ยงวัวทำนาย เด็กผู้หญิงคนนี้มีบุญวาสนาเป็นราชินี". 11 August 2018.
- ^ พระราชประวัติการศึกษา สมเด็จพระนางเจ้าสิริกิติ์ฯ | รอยยิ้มของในหลวง ร.9
- ^ สมาคมศิษย์เซนต์ฟรังฯ จัดพิธีบูชาขอบพระคุณ ถวายพระพรแด่ สมเด็จพระบรมราชชนนีพันปีหลวง
- ^ a b Handley, Paul M. (2006). The King Never Smiles: A Biography of Thailand's Bhumibol Adulyadej, pp. 103–4. Yale University Press.
- ^ Handley (2006), p. 131-32.
- ^ "Statement of the Bureau of the Royal Household, Re: Her Majesty the Queen falls ill at Siriraj Hospital, dated 21 July 2012" (PDF) (in Thai). Bureau of the Royal Household. 21 July 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
- ^ "Statement of the Bureau of the Royal Household, Re: Her Majesty the Queen falls ill at Siriraj Hospital, No. 12, dated 4 December 2012" (PDF) (in Thai). Bureau of the Royal Household. 4 December 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "แถลงการณ์สำนักพระราชวัง "พระราชินี" พระอาการทั่วไปดีขึ้นมาก เสด็จกลับประทับพระตำหนักจิตรลดาฯ". Matichon Online (in Thai). Bangkok: Matichon. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
- ^ Morris, Kylie (16 November 2004), "Thai Queen's plea to end violence", News, UK: BBC, retrieved 7 July 2008.
- ^ Forbes, Andrew (2010). DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Thailand's Beaches & Islands, p. 35. Dorling Kindersley Limited.
- ^ [1] [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "Reply to a parliamentary question" (PDF) (in German). p. 171. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
- ^ "S.M. Sirikit Regina di Tailandia, Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana" (in Italian). Retrieved 8 May 2013.
- ^ "Boletín Oficial del Estado" (PDF). boe.es. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ "Boletín Oficial del Estado" (PDF). boe.es. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ "Two Ancient Lands Strengthen Their Ties". Taiwan Today. 1 July 1963. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
President Chiang decorated King Bhumibol with the Special Grand Cordon of the Order of Brilliant Jade and Queen Sirikit with the Special Grand Cordon of the Order of Propitious Clouds.
- ^ Ridout, Lucy (2009). The Rough Guide to Thailand, p. 357. Penguin.
- ^ "Thailand's Suriyothai beats Titanic", News, UK: BBC, 23 November 2001, retrieved 7 July 2008.
- ^ Finestone, Jeffrey (1989). The Royal Family of Thailand: The Descendants of King Chulalongkorn. New Cavendish Books. ISBN 978-09-04568-88-2.
External links
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