Examine individual changes

[ 0 => '{{italic title}}{{selfref|"Passionfruit" and "Passion fruit" redirect here. For other uses, see [[Passion fruit (disambiguation)]]}}', 1 => '{{Taxobox', 2 => '| name = Passion fruit, Maracujá', 3 => '| image = Passiflora edulis forma flavicarpa.jpg', 4 => '| image_caption = Flowers', 5 => '| image2 = Passionfruit and cross section.jpg', 6 => '| image2_caption = Ripe purple type from Australia and its cross section', 7 => '| regnum = [[Plant]]ae', 8 => '| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]', 9 => '| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]', 10 => '| unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]', 11 => '| ordo = [[Malpighiales]]', 12 => '| familia = [[Passifloraceae]]', 13 => '| genus = ''[[Passion flower|Passiflora]]''', 14 => '| species = '''''P. edulis'''''', 15 => '| binomial = ''Passiflora edulis''', 16 => '| binomial_authority = [[John Sims (taxonomist)|Sims]], 1818', 17 => '}}', 18 => ''''''Passiflora edulis''''' is a [[vine]] species of [[passion flower]] that is native to [[Brazil]], [[Paraguay]], [[Uruguay]] and northern [[Argentina]] ([[Corrientes Province|Corrientes]] and [[Misiones Province|Misiones]] provinces, among others). Its common names include '''passion fruit''' (US), '''passionfruit''' (UK and Commonwealth), and '''purple granadilla''' (South Africa).', 19 => 'It is cultivated commercially in warmer, [[frost]]-free areas for its fruit and is widely grown in [[Antigua]], [[Argentina]], [[Australia]], [[Bolivia]], [[Brazil]], the [[Caribbean]], [[Colombia]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Dominican Republic]], [[East Africa]], [[Ecuador]], [[Haiti]], [[India]], [[Indonesia]], [[Israel]], [[Mexico]], [[New Zealand]], [[Panama]], [[Peru]], [[Portugal]] ([[Madeira]]), [[Puerto Rico]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[South Africa]], [[United States]] ([[California]], [[Florida]], and [[Hawaii]]), [[Venezuela]] and [[Philippines]].', 20 => 'The passion fruit is round to oval, either yellow or dark purple at maturity, with a soft to firm, juicy interior filled with numerous seeds.<ref>{{cite book|last=Boning|first=Charles R.|title=Florida's Best Fruiting Plants: Native and Exotic Trees, Shrubs, and Vines|year=2006|publisher=Pineapple Press, Inc.|location=Sarasota, Florida|page=168-171}}</ref> The fruit is both eaten and juiced; passion fruit juice is often added to other fruit juices to enhance the aroma.<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?26962 |title=''Passiflora edulis'' Sims |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2007-06-25 |accessdate=2010-01-07}}</ref>', 21 => '==Varieties==', 22 => 'Several distinct varieties of passion fruit with clearly differing exterior appearances exist. The bright yellow ''flavicarpa'' variety, also known as the Golden Passion Fruit, can grow up to the size of a [[grapefruit]], has a smooth, glossy, light and airy rind, and has been used as a [[rootstock]] for the Purple Passion Fruit in Australia.<ref name="garden">{{cite news | last = Reynhardt | first = Debbie | title = Gardening with Debbie Reynhardt | work = Dispatch Online | publisher = Dispatch Media (Pty) Ltd | date = 8 February 2003 | url = http://www.dispatch.co.za/2003/02/08/features/GARDEN.HTM | accessdate = 2006-11-20 }}</ref> The dark purple ''edulis'' variety is smaller than a [[lemon]], though it is less acidic than the yellow passion fruit, and has a richer aroma and flavour.', 23 => false, 24 => 'The purple varieties of the fruit have been found to contain traces of [[cyanogenic]] [[glycoside]]s in the skin.<ref>{{Cite journal', 25 => ' | last1=Chassagne', 26 => ' | first1=David', 27 => ' | last2=Crouzet', 28 => ' | first2=Jean C.', 29 => ' | last3=Bayonove', 30 => ' | first3=Claude L.', 31 => ' | last4=Baumes', 32 => ' | first4=Raymond L.', 33 => ' |date=18 December 1996| title= Identification and Quantification of Passion Fruit Cyanogenic Glycosides', 34 => ' | journal = Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry', 35 => ' | volume = 44', 36 => ' | issue = 12', 37 => ' | page=3817', 38 => ' | publisher = American Chemical Society', 39 => ' | doi=10.1021/jf960381t', 40 => '}}</ref>', 41 => false, 42 => '==Uses==', 43 => '{{Nutritional value', 44 => '| name=Passion-fruit, (granadilla), purple, raw per 100 g', 45 => '| image=[[File:Purple passionfruit.jpg|220px]]', 46 => '| caption=A purple passion fruit', 47 => '| kJ=406', 48 => '| protein=2.2 g', 49 => '| fat=0.7 g', 50 => '| carbs=23.38 g', 51 => '| fiber=10.4 g', 52 => '| sugars=11.2 g', 53 => '| calcium_mg=12', 54 => '| iron_mg=1.6', 55 => '| magnesium_mg=29', 56 => '| phosphorus_mg=68', 57 => '| potassium_mg=348', 58 => '| sodium_mg=28', 59 => '| zinc_mg=0.1', 60 => '| vitC_mg=30', 61 => '| riboflavin_mg=0.13', 62 => '| niacin_mg=1.5', 63 => '| vitB6_mg=0.1', 64 => '| folate_ug=14', 65 => '| choline_mg=7.6', 66 => '| vitA_ug=64', 67 => '| betacarotene_ug=743', 68 => '| vitK_ug=0.7', 69 => '| copper=0.086 mg', 70 => '| selenium=0.06 mg', 71 => '| source_usda=1', 72 => '| note=[http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=09231&format=Full Link to USDA Database entry]', 73 => '}}', 74 => false, 75 => '* In [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]], where it is called "passionfruit", it is available commercially both fresh and tinned. It is added to fruit salads, and fresh fruit pulp or passion fruit sauce is commonly used in [[dessert]]s, including as a topping for [[Pavlova (food)|pavlova]] (a regional [[meringue]] cake) and [[ice cream]], a flavouring for [[cheesecake]], and in the icing of [[Mille-feuille|vanilla slice]]s. A passionfruit-flavoured soft drink called [[Passiona]] has also been manufactured in Australia since the 1920s.', 76 => '* In [[Brazil]] passion fruit [[mousse]] is a common dessert, and passion fruit seeds are routinely used to decorate the tops of cakes. Passion fruit juice is also widely used. When making [[Caipirinha]], it is usual to use passion fruit instead of [[Lime (fruit)|lime]]; it is then called "caipicujá". It is used also as a mild [[sedative]], and its active ingredient is commercialized under several brands, most notably [[:pt:Maracugina|Maracugina]].', 77 => '* In [[Colombia]] it is one of the most important fruits, especially for juices and desserts. It is widely available all over the country and three kinds of "Maracuyá" fruit may be found.', 78 => '* In the [[Dominican Republic]], where it is locally called ''chinola'', it is used to make juice and [[Fruit preserves]]. Passion fruit-flavoured [[syrup]] is used on [[shaved ice]], and the fruit is also eaten raw, sprinkled with sugar.', 79 => '* In [[Hawaii]] passion fruit is called ''lilikoi'' and comes in yellow and purple varieties.', 80 => ': Passion fruit can be cut in half and the seeds scooped out with a spoon. Lilikoi-flavoured syrup is a popular topping for [[shave ice]]. It is used as a desert flavouring for [[malasada]]s, cheesecakes, cookies, [[ice cream]] and [[mochi]]. Passion fruit is also favoured as a jam or jelly, as well as a butter. Lilikoi syrup can also be used to glaze or marinade meat and vegetables.<ref>The Lilikoilicious Cookbook [http://www.lilikoicookbook.com]</ref> Most passion fruit comes from backyard gardens or is collected from the wild. While it may be found at [[farmers' market]]s throughout the islands, fruits are seldom sold in grocery stores.', 81 => '* In [[Indonesia]] there are two types of passionfruit (local name: 'markisa'), white flesh and yellow flesh. The white one is normally eaten straight as a fruit, while the yellow variety is commonly strained to obtain its juice, which is cooked with sugar to make thick syrup. Bottles or plastic jugs of concentrated syrup (generally produced in [[Sumatra]] from fruit grown in the [[Lake Toba]] region{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}}) are sold in many supermarkets. Dilution of one part syrup to four (or more) parts water is recommended.', 82 => '* In [[Israel]] passion fruit is used to make [[fruit wine]].', 83 => '* In [[Mexico]] passion fruit is used to make juice or is eaten raw with [[chili powder|chilli powder]] and lime.', 84 => '* In [[Paraguay]] passion fruit is used principally for its juice, to prepare desserts such as passion fruit mousse, cheesecake, ice cream, and to flavour yogurts and cocktails.', 85 => '* In [[Peru]] passion fruit is used in several desserts, especially [[cheesecake]]s. Passion fruit juice is also drunk on its own and is used in [[ceviche]] variations and in [[cocktail]]s, including the ''Maracuyá Sour'', a variation of the [[Pisco Sour]].', 86 => '* In the [[Philippines]] passion fruit is commonly sold in public markets and in public schools. Some vendors sell the fruit with a straw to enable sucking out the seeds and juices inside. It is not very popular because of its sour flavour, and the fruit is very seasonal.', 87 => '* In [[Portugal]], especially the [[Azores]] and [[Madeira]], passion fruit is used as a base for a variety of [[liqueur]]s and [[mousse]]s.', 88 => '* In [[Puerto Rico]], where the fruit is known as "Parcha", it is widely believed to lower [[blood pressure]],<ref>{{cite news', 89 => ' | last =', 90 => ' | first =', 91 => ' | title = Make Choosing Good Food for High Blood Pressure an Easy and Exciting Experience', 92 => ' | work = highbloodpressureinfo.org', 93 => ' | publisher = Site Build It!', 94 => ' | date =', 95 => ' | url = http://www.highbloodpressureinfo.org/food-for-high-blood-pressure.html', 96 => ' | accessdate = 2010-08-13 }}</ref> probably because it contains [[harmala alkaloid]]s and is a mild [[Reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A|RIMA]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Passion fruit juice is also very common there and is used in juices, ice cream or pastries.', 97 => '* In [[South Africa]] passion fruit, known locally as Granadilla (the yellow variety as Guavadilla), is used to flavour [[yogurt]]. It is also used to flavour [[soft drink]]s such as [[Schweppes]]' "Sparkling Granadilla" and numerous [[Squash (drink)|cordial drinks]]. It is often eaten raw or used as a topping for cakes and tarts. Granadilla juice is commonly available in restaurants. The yellow variety is used for juice processing, while the purple variety is sold in fresh-fruit markets.', 98 => '* In [[Sri Lanka]] passion fruit juice, along with [[faluda]], is one of the most popular refreshments. Passion fruit [[Squash (drink)|cordial]] is manufactured both at home as well as industrially by mixing the pulp with sugar. There are many cordial manufacturers, suppliers and exporters in the country.<ref>[http://www.tastespotting.com/detail/10971 Passion fruit cordial Faluda and Sri Lankan food - TasteSpotting]</ref>', 99 => '* In [[Thailand]] passion fruit is called "Saowarot" ({{lang-th|เสาวรส}}). The fruit is eaten whole and is also commonly juiced and drunk. Young shoots are cooked in [[curry|curries]] or eaten with [[nam phrik]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2012}}', 100 => '* In the [[United States]] it is often used as an ingredient in juice mixes.', 101 => '* In [[Vietnam]] passion fruit is blended with honey and ice to create refreshing [[smoothies]].', 102 => '* In [[Cambodia]] passion fruit is called "Machu Bey-darch", and the plant vine grows in the wild. Bushes hang with green to yellow round fruits, measuring from 2.5&nbsp;cm to 4&nbsp;cm when ripe. This wild variety of passion fruit tastes slightly different but is still quite sour.', 103 => '* In [[India]] the government of Andhra Pradesh started growing passion fruits in the Chintapalli (Vizag) region forests to make them available to the local people. However, the fruit is found in the jungles of [[Assam]] and is known to local people as "Lota Bel."', 104 => '* In Costa Rica it is known as "Estococa". The fruit grows in the wild, and it is commonly used for juice, it is considerably smaller than the Maracuyá.', 105 => false, 106 => '==Nutrition==', 107 => false, 108 => 'Fresh passion fruit contains [[provitamin A]] [[beta carotene]], [[vitamin C]] (36%), [[dietary fiber]] (42%) and [[iron]] (12%) in significant quantities as percent of the [[Daily Value]]; the [[vitamin A]] content converted from provitamin A sources is 25%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/fruits-and-fruit-juices/1987/2 |title=Nutrition facts for Passion-fruit, (granadilla), purple, raw, 100 g |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |work=USDA Nutrient Data, SR-21 |publisher=Conde Nast |accessdate=April 2, 2013}}</ref> Passion fruit juice is a good source of [[potassium]], possibly making the fruit relevant as a nutrient source for lowering risk of [[high blood pressure]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irl.cri.nz/oral-administration-purple-passion-fruit-peel-extract-attenuates-blood-pressure-female-spontaneously |title=Oral administration of purple passion fruit peel extract attenuates blood pressure in female spontaneously hypertensive rats and humans &#124; Industrial Research Ltd |doi=10.1016/j.nutres.2007.05.004 |publisher=Irl.cri.nz |date=2012-07-23 |accessdate=2012-08-13}}</ref> Preliminary research indicated that consuming passion fruit peel may relieve asthma symptoms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhs.uk/news/2008/05May/Pages/Passionfruitpeelreliefforasthmatics.aspx |title=Passion fruit peel ‘relief’ for asthmatics - Health news - NHS Choices |publisher=Nhs.uk |date=2008-05-15 |accessdate=2012-08-13}}</ref> One report showed that the fruit [[pericarp]] contains [[lycopene]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Mourvaki E, Gizzi E, Rossi R, Rufini S |year=2005 |title=Passionflower fruit — a "new" source of lycopene? |journal=J Med Food |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=104–106 |publisher= |doi= 10.1089/jmf.2005.8.104|pmid=15857218 |pmc= |url= |accessdate=2 April 2013}}</ref>', 109 => false, 110 => '==Culture==', 111 => '[[File:Passionfruit flower (Hato Mayor, Dominican Republic - January 2012).jpg|thumb|left|180px|Passion fruit Flower - the national flower of [[Paraguay]]]]', 112 => 'The Passion fruit is so called because it is one of the many species of [[Passion Flower]]. ("Passion Flower" being the literal English translation of the Latin genus name, ''Passiflora''). The name was given by Spanish missionaries to South America as an expository aid while trying to convert the indigenous inhabitants to Christianity.', 113 => false, 114 => 'The flower of the passion fruit is the national flower of [[Paraguay]].', 115 => false, 116 => '==See also==', 117 => '* [[Giant granadilla]]', 118 => '* [[Granadilla]]', 119 => '* [[Passiflora incarnata|Maypop]]', 120 => '* [[Sweet granadilla]]', 121 => false, 122 => '==Gallery==', 123 => '<gallery>', 124 => 'File:Passiflora Edulis Open Fruit2.jpg|Cross-section of a purple passion fruit', 125 => 'File:Maracuyá stand.jpg|Yellow maracuya harvested (''P. edulis var. flavicarpa'')', 126 => 'File:Passiflora edulis dsc07776.jpg|Purple passion fruits harvested', 127 => 'File:Passionfruit comparison.jpg|Size difference between yellow and purple passion fruits', 128 => 'File:Traffic-light Passion Fruit.jpg|Red, yellow, and green fruits lined up like a traffic light', 129 => 'File:Passionfruitvine.jpg|Passion fruit on the vine', 130 => 'File:Passiflora edulis forma flavicarpa.jpg|Flower of ''Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa''', 131 => '</gallery>', 132 => false, 133 => '==References==', 134 => '{{Reflist}}', 135 => false, 136 => '==External links==', 137 => '{{Wikispecies}}', 138 => '{{Commons|Passiflora edulis}}', 139 => '* [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/passionfruit.html Purdue.edu], Fruits of Warm Climates: Passionfruit', 140 => '* [http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/passionfruit.html CRFG.org], California Rare Fruit Growers: Passion Fruit Fruit Facts', 141 => '* [http://www.daleysfruit.com.au/fruit%20pages/passionfruit.htm DaleysFruit.com.au], Australian Passionfruit Varieties', 142 => '* [http://www.phytochemicals.info/passion-fruit.php Phytochemicals.info], [[phytochemical]]s in Passion Fruit', 143 => false, 144 => '{{Passiflora}}', 145 => false, 146 => '{{DEFAULTSORT:Passiflora Edulis}}', 147 => '[[Category:Passiflora|edulis]]', 148 => '[[Category:Plants described in 1818]]', 149 => '[[Category:Tropical fruit]]', 150 => '[[Category:Invasive plant species]]', 151 => '[[Category:Flora of Argentina]]', 152 => '[[Category:Flora naturalised in Australia]]', 153 => '[[Category:Crops originating from Argentina]]', 154 => '[[Category:Crops originating from Brazil]]', 155 => '[[Category:Crops originating from Paraguay]]', 156 => '[[Category:Flora of Nepal]]', 157 => '[[Category:Crops originating from the Americas]]' ]