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{{see also|Scientific misconceptions|Superseded theories in science|List of topics characterized as pseudoscience}}
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[[File:Great Wall of China, Satellite image.jpeg|thumb|A satellite image of a section of the [[Great Wall of China]], running diagonally from lower left to upper right (not to be confused with the much more prominent river running from upper left to lower right). The region pictured is {{Convert|12|×|12|km|abbr=|sp=us}}.]]
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* The phrase "dark side of the Moon" does not refer to [[Darkness|"dark" as in the absence of light]], but rather [[Open problem|"dark" as in unknown]]: until humans [[Luna 3|were able to send spacecraft around the Moon]], this area had never been seen. [[Tidal force]]s from [[Earth]] have slowed the [[Moon|Moon's]] rotation to the point where the same side is always facing the Earth, a phenomenon called [[tidal locking]]. While many misconstrue this to mean that the "dark side" receives little to no [[sunlight]], in reality, both the [[Near side of the Moon|near]] and [[Far side of the Moon|far sides]] receive (on average) almost equal amounts of light directly from the [[Sun]].<ref name="Etymology-Sigurdsson">{{cite web|last=Sigurdsson|first=Steinn|date=2014-06-09|title=The Dark Side of the Moon: a Short History|url=http://scienceblogs.com/catdynamics/2014/06/09/the-dark-side-of-the-moon-a-short-history/|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref><ref name="Etymology-O'Conner">{{cite web|last1=O'Conner|first1=Patricia T.|last2=Kellerman|first2=Stewart|date=2011-09-06|title=The Dark Side of the Moon|url=https://www.grammarphobia.com/blog/2011/09/dark-side-of-the-moon.html|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref><ref name="Etymology-Messer">{{cite news|last=Messer|first=A'ndrea Elyse|date=2014-06-09|title=55-year-old dark side of the moon mystery solved|publisher=Penn State News|url=http://news.psu.edu/story/317841/2014/06/09/research/55-year-old-dark-side-moon-mystery-solved|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref><ref name="Etymology-Falin">{{cite web|last=Falin|first=Lee|date=2015-01-05|title=What's on the Dark Side of the Moon?|url=http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/science/what%E2%80%99s-on-the-dark-side-of-the-moon|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref><ref name="hop">{{cite web|date=18 January 2013|title=The Dark Side of the Moon|url=http://hopsblog-hop.blogspot.com/2013/01/the-dark-side-of-moon.html}}</ref>
* [[Black hole]]s have the same gravitational effects as any other equal mass in their place. They will draw objects nearby towards them, just as any other planetary body does, except at very close distances to the black hole—comparable to its [[Schwarzschild radius]].<ref>
{{cite book|last=Wolfson|first=Richard|title=Simply Einstein: relativity demystified|publisher=W.W. Norton & Co.|date=2002|page=261|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OUJWKdlFKeQC&pg=PA219|isbn=978-0393051544}}</ref> If, for example, the Sun were replaced by a black hole of equal mass, the orbits of the planets would be essentially unaffected. A black hole ''can''
{{cite web|url=http://oyc.yale.edu/astronomy/astr-160/lecture-9#transcript |title=Frontiers And Controversies In Astrophysics Lecture 9 |publisher=[[Yale University]] |access-date=April 26, 2011 }}</ref>
[[File:Earth seasons seen as terminator motion.gif|thumb|The Earth's [[equator]] does not line up with the [[Orbital plane (astronomy)|plane of the Earth's orbit]], meaning that for half of the year the [[Northern Hemisphere]] is tilted more towards the [[Sun]] and for the other half of the year the Northern Hemisphere is tilted more away from the Sun. This is the dominant cause of seasonal temperature variation, not the [[Orbital eccentricity#Examples|distance of the Earth from the Sun in its orbit]].]]
* [[Season]]s are not predominantly caused by the [[Earth]] being closer to the [[Sun]] in the summer than in the winter, but by the [[Effect of Sun angle on climate|effects of Earth's 23.4-degree axial tilt]]. Earth reaches [[perihelion]] (the point in its orbit closest to the Sun) in January, and it reaches [[aphelion]] (the point farthest from the Sun) in July, so the slight contribution of [[orbital eccentricity]] opposes the temperature trends of the seasons in the Northern Hemisphere.<ref name="Science@NASA">{{cite web|last=Phillips|first=Tony|date=July 4, 2003|title=The Distant Sun|url=http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2002/02jul_aphelion|access-date=April 21, 2021|website=[[NASA]]}}</ref> In general, the effect of orbital eccentricity on Earth's seasons is a 7% variation in sunlight received. Each hemisphere is [[axial tilt|tilted]] towards the Sun in its respective summer (July in the [[Northern Hemisphere]] and January in the [[Southern Hemisphere]]), resulting in longer days and more direct sunlight, with the opposite being true in the winter. Orbital eccentricity can influence temperatures, but on Earth, this effect is small and is more than counteracted by other factors.<ref>
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