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A raised tower on top of a submarine accommodates the length of the [[periscope]] and electronics masts, which can include radio, [[radar]], [[electronic warfare]], and other systems including the snorkel mast. In many early classes of submarines (see history), the Control Room, or "Conn", was located inside this tower, which was known as the "[[conning tower]]". Since that time, however, the Conn has been located within the hull of the submarine, and the tower is more commonly called the "sail" today. The Conn should not be confused with the "bridge", which is a small, open platform set into the top of the sail used for visual observation while operating on the surface.
Bathtubs are related to conning towers but are only for smaller submarines. A bathtub, in the context of smaller submarines, is a metal cylinder attached to the hull which surrounds the hatch and prevents waves from breaking directly into the cabin. It is needed because submarines on the surface don't have a lot of [[freeboard]]; they lie very low in the water. A [[Classification society]] issues the vessel class and has rules that must be followed to remain 'in class'. Vessels with no class have basically no chance at being insured.
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==== Double hull ====
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