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Tropical night

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A tropical night is a term used in many European countries to describe days when the temperature does not fall below 20 °C (68.0 °F) during the nighttime.[1] This definition is in use in countries including the Austria, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Republic of Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. In the United States, by contrast, the term sultry nights is used when the temperature does not fall below 27 °C (80.6 °F) in the Gulf and Atlantic states.[citation needed]

Tropical nights are common during heat waves and occur mostly over seas, coasts, and lakes. Heat gets stored in the water during periods of sunny and warm weather during the day, which is then emitted during the night and keeps the night temperatures up.[2]

Greece

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South Greece records very high spring, summer, autumn and occasionally winter minimum temperatures due to its geographical proximity to the Middle East, Minor Asia and the Sahara but also due to foehn winds especially in Crete and Rhodes. The World Meteorological Organization station in Kastellorizo registers on average 156 tropical nights per year, while Crete routinely records tropical nights even in January.[3] Downtown Athens records 107 tropical nights per year for the period 1991-2020. In 2018, Lindos registered a record high of 178 tropical nights. On average Lindos records 4 days each year with minimum temperatures over 30.0 °C.[3]

On the night between 25 and 26 of June 2007 the temperature did not drop below 38.0°C in the Palaiochora World Meteorological Organization station. [4] On the night of the 11th of January 2021 the World Meteorological Organization station in Falasarna recorded a stunning temperature of 28.3 °C due to strong foehn winds while the minimum temperature for that day was 22.6 °C marking both the highest January temperature during a night and the highest January minimum temperature ever recorded in Greece.[5] [6][7]

On the 27th of June 2007 Monemvasia registered a staggering minimum temperature of 35.9 °C which is the highest minimum temperature ever recorded in mainland Greece.[8] Monemvasia records 133 tropical nights per year which is unique for a location in mainland Europe.[6]

During July 2024 minimum temperatures remained over 30 °C (86 °F) for 12 consecutive days in metropolitan Athens, breaking all known records for any area in the country. [9] [10]

On 4 July 1998, Kythira recorded an astonishing minimum temperature of 37.0 °C.[11][12]

United Kingdom

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The Met Office began tracking 'tropical nights' in 2018.[13][14] This criterion is infrequently met, with the 30 years between 1961 and 1990 seeing 44 tropical nights, most of them associated with the hot summers of 1976 and 1983. From 1991 to 11 August 2020, 84 such nights were recorded, with 21 of them occurring since 2008. Five nights that stayed above 20 °C were recorded in 2018, and four in 2019. By 11 August 2020, four tropical nights had been recorded for that year, one in June and three in August.[15]

During the July 2022 heatwave, a tropical night recorded overnight from 18–19 July was reported to have been the warmest on record, where temperatures in many parts of the country did not fall below 25 °C.[16] The hottest night on record was set in the early hours of 19 July 2022 at Shirburn Model Farm, Oxfordshire, not falling below 26.8 °C, smashing the previous record of 23.9 °C in the country. This was confirmed on 23 August 2022.[17]

Croatia

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In Croatia, this occurrence is usually termed 'warm night' (Croatian: topla noć),[18]: 32 [19] but also tropska noć ('tropical night').[20] A 'very warm night' (vrlo topla noć) occurs when the temperature stays above 25 °C (77.0 °F) overnight.[21] Tropical nights happen regularly at the seaside in summer, and less frequently inland. In the 1961–1990 period, there was an average of 10–20 tropical nights a month during the summer at the seaside,[18]: 32  but less than one per year in most of continental Croatia.[18]: 41  However, they have become more frequent in Zagreb since 2000.[19] During 1990–2014, Zagreb recorded an increasing trend of 19.5 additional tropical nights per decade.[22] In August 2018, the Zagreb–Grič Observatory registered 24 tropical nights, beating the previous record from 2003.[23]

Ireland

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In Ireland, two tropical nights were observed at the Valentia Observatory in County Kerry during a heatwave in July 2021.[24] This was the first time ever that two tropical nights were recorded in a row in Ireland.[24]

Spain

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In Spain, is termed noche tropical (tropical night). It occurs mostly on the Canary Islands, Mediterranean coast, Ibiza and Menorca. It is also common on inland parts of Andalusia. In central parts they are less prevalent, but yet expected to occur on some summer nights, especially during heat waves. On interior of north is very rare.[25][26] When the temperature does not fall below 25 °C (77 °F) is noche tórrida or noche ecuatorial (torrid night or ecuatorial night). This term has gained popularity, as nighttime temperatures have been increasingly higher in recent years during the summer. The Canary Islands are more affected by torrid nights than any other part of country. It is common, but not expected to be consistent on the Mediterranean coast and the Balearic Islands of Ibiza and Menorca. In hinterland Spain can occur during intense heat waves. Recently, the name noche infernal (hellish night) was introduced and is when the temperature does not fall below 30 °C (86 °F), something that for now is not very common, but has occurred, especially in the Canary Islands.[27] In mainland Spain, some cities recorded hellish nights, such as the city of Málaga and Almería.[28]

The Canary Islands record the highest number of tropical nights per year, with the island of El Hierro having 154 tropical nights per year and Santa Cruz de Tenerife having 130. In mainland Spain, the cities Cartagena, Cádiz, Almería, Valencia, San Javier, Málaga and Alicante have the highest number with 101, 92, 89, 79, 75, 72 and 71 respectively. In 2023, El Hierro registered a record 208 tropical nights, the highest ever recorded in the country.[29]

Although some cities on the Mediterranean coast in the east and southeast of Spain have less tropical nights, on average, compared to some cities in the south of the country, it is important to mention that the Mediterranean coast in the east and southeast has high levels of air humidity during the summer, making high dew point levels.[30] These high levels of air humidity can make tropical nights much more uncomfortable compared to southern cities that have low levels of air humidity, as high humidity makes it difficult or even impossible for sweat to evaporate, causing the heat index increases. In addition to the increase in the heat index, there is also a feeling of stuffy and sticky weather, which can contribute to a general feeling of discomfort, making the weather more oppressive.[31]

The highest minimum temperature ever recorded in Spain was 37.4 °C (99.3 °F) in Guia de Isora on 12 August 2023.[32][33] In peninsular Spain it was 33.2 °C (91.8 °F) in Almeria on 31 July 2001, which is also the highest ever recorded on iberian peninsula.[34]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ McGrath, Matt (2 November 2018). "Weather: UK experiencing hotter days and 'tropical nights' - Met Office". BBC. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
  2. ^ "Tropiska nätter" (in Swedish). SMHI. 18 June 2021. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
  3. ^ a b "Meteo Search". National Observatory of Athens. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  4. ^ "«Τρελάθηκε» ο υδράργυρος στην Παλαιόχωρα Χανίων". Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  5. ^ "Current Weather Conditions in Falasarna". 10 January 2021. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  6. ^ a b "Meteo search". National Observatory of Athens. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  7. ^ "January 2021 climatological summary Falasarna NOA". National Observatory of Athens. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  8. ^ "June 2007 climatological summary Monemvasia NOA". National Observatory of Athens. Archived from the original on 31 October 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  9. ^ "Piraeus 12 consecutive days over 30C minimums". Archived from the original on 21 July 2024. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
  10. ^ "Pireas Port 12 consecutive days minimum T over 30.0C". Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  11. ^ "Extreme hitte in de zomer van 1998". KNMI. Archived from the original on 12 May 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  12. ^ "HNMS open data". HNMS. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  13. ^ "Potential record-breaking heat today". Met Office. 25 July 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
  14. ^ Knapton, Sarah (2 November 2018). "Met Office starts tracking 'Tropical Nights' in Britain as weather becomes more extreme". The Telegraph. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
  15. ^ Smith, Daniel (11 August 2020). "Steamy 'tropical nights' ahead as heatwaves become more common in UK". WalesOnline.
  16. ^ Cuff, Madeleine (19 July 2022). "Why 'tropical nights' when temperatures fail to drop below 20°C are so harmful". inews.co.uk. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  17. ^ "New record from July heat". Met Office. 23 August 2024. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  18. ^ a b c Zaninović, Ksenija, ed. (2008). Climate atlas of Croatia, 1961–1990, 1971–2000 (PDF) (in English and Croatian). Zagreb: Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. ISBN 978-953-7526-01-6. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  19. ^ a b "Toplinski val - što, gdje, kada i do kada?" [Heat wave – what, where, when and how long?] (in Croatian). Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. 13 June 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  20. ^ Paić, Vinko (18 June 2021). "Dalmatinci, pripremite se za toplotni udar! Meteorologinja Tea Blažević najavljuje 'tropske noći': Dašak svježine mogao bi donijeti tek maestral s mora". Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  21. ^ "Dinamičan završetak klimatološkog ljeta" [A dynamic end to meteorological summer] (in Croatian). Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. 28 August 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  22. ^ Gaćeša-Zaninović, Ksenija (23 December 2015). "Temperatura zraka u Zagrebu u razdoblju 2011. - 2014" [Air temperature in Zagreb during 2011–2014] (in Croatian). Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  23. ^ Likso, Tanja (August 2018). "Klimatološka analiza" [Climatological analysis] (PDF). Meteorološki i hidrološki bilten (in Croatian). XXXII (8). Zagreb, Croatia: 14–15. ISSN 1334-3017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  24. ^ a b Best, Barra (23 July 2021). "Extreme heat: Ireland records two tropical nights in a row". BBC News. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  25. ^ Guerrero, Ángel (20 August 2023). "Noche tropical durante la ola de calor: ¿qué es y por qué se produce?". elperiodico (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  26. ^ "¿Qué diferencia hay entre noches tropicales y tórridas?". Tiempo.com | Meteored (in European Spanish). 20 July 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  27. ^ Telecinco, Redacción digital Informativos (23 June 2023). "TELECINCO - televisión a la carta, series y entretenimiento". Telecinco (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  28. ^ Méndez, Isabel (21 July 2023). "Noche de calor en Málaga: nuevo récord histórico de temperatura mínima más alta". Diario Sur (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  29. ^ "Mapas y gráficos climatológicos: Gráficos comparativos de los últimos 12 meses (Grupo 4)". Mapas y gráficos climatológicos. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  30. ^ EFE (31 July 2023). "¿Por qué es malo que el agua del mar esté tan caliente?". El Periódico Mediterráneo (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  31. ^ "¿Qué diferencia hay entre noches tropicales y tórridas?". Tiempo.com | Meteored (in European Spanish). 20 July 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  32. ^ "Climate in Spain in 2023". miteco.gob.es (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
  33. ^ "Informes sobre el estado del clima de España" (PDF). AEMET.es (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
  34. ^ "Highest minimum temperatures in Spain (In Spanish)". Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia. Retrieved 23 January 2024.


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