Youssouf Togoïmi (26 March 1953[1] – 24 September 2002[2]) was a Chadian politician who served in the government under President Idriss Déby but subsequently led a rebel group, the Movement for Democracy and Justice in Chad (MDJT), against Déby.
Life and career
editYoussouf Togoïmi was born in 1953 in Zouar. He came from a Bideyat Ennedi family established in the Tibesti Mountains and considered to be a Teda. Graduating as a jurist, Togoïmi was one of the few natives of the massif, other than Goukouni Oueddei, to have occupied a high position in the Chadian government. Togoïmi served as state prosecutor in Abéché and N'Djaména during the presidency of Hissène Habré[3] and later, after the coup d'état of 1990, in a number of positions under Idriss Déby: he was Minister of Justice from 1990 to 1993, Minister of Defence from 1995 to 1997,[1] and was then appointed Minister of the Interior on 21 May 1997.[4] Shortly after the latter appointment, he resigned from the government on 3 June 1997. He said that his resignation came about because of what he described as the "dictatorial drift" of the government. Often referred to as very charismatic, during this period Togoïmi enjoyed an excellent reputation as an honest and ethical politician who transcended ethnic divisions. However, Togoïmi's break with Déby has also been interpreted in ethnic terms, based on his own status as a Toubou and Déby's status as a Zaghawa.[1]
On 12 October 1998, he formed the Movement for Democracy and Justice in Chad (MDJT), a dissident rebel group that sought to overthrow the government, initially with the support of Libya.[5] Operating initially from his power base in the Tibesti Mountains, the group waged a guerilla war against government forces. He was re-elected as party leader at a party congress in Sabha, Libya in December 2001[1][6] and on 25 December he expressed a willingness to negotiate with the government. The MDJT's second vice-president Adoum Togoi signed a peace agreement with the government in Tripoli, Libya, on 7 January 2002. This terms of the agreement involved, among other things, a cease-fire, inclusion of the MDJT in the government, and integration of its fighters into the army. An amnesty for MDJT members was approved by the National Assembly of Chad in late February. A month later, the agreement began to break down as the government rejected MDJT demands, including its proposal for new prime minister from the MDJT. In May, Togoi, who was viewed as a moderate in the group, was allegedly ambushed, injured and kidnapped by Togoïmi, who was viewed as a hard-liner, an apparent result of a split in the group regarding how to handle the peace negotiations, and late in the month the first fighting since the signing of the peace agreement broke out.[6]
Togoïmi was injured by a land mine in late August in the Tibesti area and he died from his wounds in Tripoli on 24 September 2002.[2] Mockhtar Wawa Dahab, a spokesman for the Chadian government, responded to the death by stating that it "ought to make it easier for peace to return to Chad".[5]
References
edit- ^ a b c d ""Youssouf Togoïmi"". Archived from the original on 30 December 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2006.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link), Afrique Express, number 256, 2 October 2002 (in French). - ^ a b "Décès à Tripoli du chef rebelle Youssouf Togoïmi" at the Wayback Machine (archived 3 January 2006), Afrique Express, number 256, 2 October 2002 (in French).
- ^ Tubiana, Jérôme; Gramizzi, Claudio (2017). Tubu Trouble: State and Statelessness in the Chad- Sudan-Libya Triangle. Geneva, Switzerland: Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. p. 36. ISBN 978-2-940548-37-8.
- ^ "May 1997 – New Attack", Keesing's Record of World Events, volume 43, May 1997, page 41,626.
- ^ a b Saleh, Abakar (25 September 2002). "Rebel Leader Youssouf Togoimi Dies". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2015 – via HighBeam Research.
- ^ a b "Chad: Peace agreement of 7 January 2002 between the government and MDJT rebels; implementation of the terms of the agreement, release of prisoners and any amnesty given to rebels; whether the terms of the agreement extend to all members and sympathizers of the MDJT", Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board, Canada (UNHCR.org).