Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱewh₁-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ḱewh₁- (perfective)^[1]^[2]

to swell
to be strong

Derived terms

Template:PIE root see

*ḱéwh₁-t ~ *ḱuh₁-énti (athematic root aorist)^[2]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: κῡσαμένη (kūsaménē)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ĉwáHt
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śwáHt
    - Sanskrit: अश्वत् (áśvat) (possible innovation based on ह्वयते (hváyati)/अह्वत् (áhvat))
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - Avestan: 𐬯𐬏𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌 (sūidiiāi, inf.)

*ḱuh₁-éye-ti ~ *ḱuh₁-éy-onti (zero-grade éye-present)^[2]^[3]^[4]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 290: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ĉuHáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śuHáyati
    - Sanskrit: श्वयति (śváyati, “to swell, increase, grow”)
  - Proto-Iranian: *fraĉuHáyatī, *fra-ĉuHáyatī
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (ha-sviṃdä, 3p.)
- (possibly) Proto-Italic: *kīje- (< (Thurneysen's rule) *kūje-)
  - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 290: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.

*ḱe-ḱówh₁-e ~ *ḱe-ḱuh₁-ḗr (reduplicated stative)^[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: शूशुवुर् (śūśuvur, “are swollen”)

*ḱuh₁-yé-ti (yé-present)^[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ĉuHyáti
  - Proto-Iranian: *fraĉuHyátī, *fra-ĉuHyátī
    - Ossetian:
      Digor: рӕсуйун (ræsujun)
      
      Iron: рӕсыйын (ræsyjyn)

*ḱí-ḱewh₁-ti ~ *ḱí-ḱuh₁-n̥ti (i-reduplicated athematic root present)
- *ḱiḱh₁-ú-s^[5]
  - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ĉíĉHuš
    - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śíśHuṣ
      - Sanskrit: शिशु (śiśu, “child, infant”)

*ḱéwh₁-mn̥ ~ *ḱuh₁-méns
- Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 290: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
  - Ancient Greek: κῦμᾰ (kûma)

*ḱuh₁-nó-s^[4]
- Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 290: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.^[4]
  - Old English: *hūn
    - ⇒ Old English: hūnþyrel
  - Middle Dutch: hune
  - Old Norse: húnn
    - Icelandic: húnn
    - Faroese: húnn
    - Norwegian: hun, hune (dialectical)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ĉuHnás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śuHnás
    - Sanskrit: शुन (śuná, “thriving”)

*ḱuh₁-yó-s
- Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 290: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.^[6]
  - Middle Welsh: cyw

*ḱḗwh₁-s ~ *ḱúh₁-s-és
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ĉáwHas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śáwHas
    - Sanskrit: शवस् (śávas, “strength, power”)
  - Proto-Iranian: *ĉáwHah
    - Avestan: 𐬯𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (sauua)
- *ḱéwh₁s-mn̥ ~ *ḱuh₁-méns
  - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ĉúHsma
    - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śúHsma
      - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 290: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
- *ḱuh₁s-ó-s^[7]
  - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ĉuHsás
    - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śuHsás
      - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 290: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.

*ḱówh₁-r̥ ~ ḱuh₁-éns (“strength”)^[8]
- *ḱéwh₁r-o-s (“strong”)^[1]^[9]
  - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 290: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.^[9]
    - Proto-Brythonic:
      - Old Cornish: *caur
        Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 290: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
      - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 290: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
    - Old Irish: cúar
    - Gaulish: Kauaros (personal name)
- *ḱuh₁r-ó-s
  - Proto-Hellenic:
    - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 290: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
      - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 290: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
  - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ĉuHrás
    - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śuHrás
      - Sanskrit: शूर (śūra, “strong”)
  - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ĉúHras
    - Proto-Iranian: *śúHras
      - Sanskrit: शूर (śūra, “hero”)

*ḱwéh₁-dʰ-o-h₁ or *ḱuh₁-o-dʰ-ó-h₁ (dual)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ĉwáHdʰaH or *ĉuHādʰáH
  - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 290: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=. (see there for further descendants)

(possibly) *ḱéwh₁-neh₂
- Proto-Celtic: *kawanā
  - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 290: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “k̑eu-, k̑eu̯ə-, k̑ū-, k̑u̯ā-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 592-594
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑u̯eh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 339
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κυέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 797
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hūna(n)-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 255
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “śíśu-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen‎^[2] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 641: “*ḱi-ḱuh₁-”
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kuwyo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 231
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “śūṣá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen‎^[3] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 652: “*ḱuh₁-s-ó-”
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “śū́rá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen‎^[4] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 650-651: “*ḱuh₁r°”
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kawaro-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 196

[IEW-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “k̑eu-, k̑eu̯ə-, k̑ū-, k̑u̯ā-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 592-594

[LIV-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑u̯eh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 339

[3] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κυέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 797

[Kroonen-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hūna(n)-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 255

[5] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “śíśu-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen‎^[2] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 641: “*ḱi-ḱuh₁-”

[6] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kuwyo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 231

[7] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “śūṣá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen‎^[3] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 652: “*ḱuh₁-s-ó-”

[8] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “śū́rá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen‎^[4] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 650-651: “*ḱuh₁r°”

[Matasovic-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kawaro-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 196

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