grossus

Latin

Alternative forms

• crossus, gorsus, grocius, gressus

Etymology 1

Of uncertain origin. Not found in Classical Latin. According to Nocentini and Walde, cognate with Old Irish bres and Cornish bras, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷres-. Compare also Old High German grōz (“big, large, thick, coarse, crude”), which undoubtedly conflated with and contributed some of the senses and forms present in Medieval Latin.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈɡros.sus/, [ˈɡrɔs̠ːʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡros.sus/, [ˈɡrɔsːus]

Adjective

grossus (feminine grossa, neuter grossum, comparative grossior); first/second-declension adjective

1. (Late Latin, Medieval Latin) coarse, unrefined
2. (Late Latin, Medieval Latin) young, green, immature
3. (Medieval Latin) thick, large, great

   Synonyms: crēber, spissus

4. fat

   Ludovicus grossus: Louis the fat (Louis VI of France)

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	grossus	grossa	grossum		grossī	grossae	grossa
genitive	grossī	grossae	grossī		grossōrum	grossārum	grossōrum
dative	grossō	grossae	grossō		grossīs
accusative	grossum	grossam	grossum		grossōs	grossās	grossa
ablative	grossō	grossā	grossō		grossīs
vocative	grosse	grossa	grossum		grossī	grossae	grossa

Derived terms

• grossitūdō

Descendants

• Aromanian: gros
• Asturian: gruesu
• Catalan: gros
• Dalmatian: gruas
• Galician: groso
• French: gros
  • → English: gross
• Friulian: grues
• Istro-Romanian: gros
• Italian: grosso
• Neapolitan: gruosso
• Occitan: gròs
• Piedmontese: gròss
• Portuguese: grosso
• Romanian: gros
• Romansch: gross
• Sardinian: grossu, grussu
• Sicilian: rossu
• Spanish: grueso
• Venetan: groso
• → German: Groschen
  • → Turkish: kuruş
    • → Hijazi Arabic: قروش (gurūš), قِرْش (girš)

Etymology 2

From the above.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈɡros.sus/, [ˈɡrɔs̠ːʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡros.sus/, [ˈɡrɔsːus]

Noun

grossus m or f (genitive grossī); second declension

1. an unripe fig
   • c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 23.64.129:

     Cauliculī aut grossī eius quam minūtissimae ad scorpiōnum ictūs ē vīnō bibuntur.

     Its little stalks or the as small as possible unripe figs are drunk from wine for scorpion stings.

Declension

Second-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	grossus	grossī
genitive	grossī	grossōrum
dative	grossō	grossīs
accusative	grossum	grossōs
ablative	grossō	grossīs
vocative	grosse	grossī

References

• “grossus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• grossus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• grossus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• grossus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016