Wiktionary

伐

See also: 代
伐 U+4F10, 伐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F10
← 伏
[U+4F0F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 休 →
[U+4F11]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 
Stroke order (Taiwan)
 

Han character

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伐 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人戈 (OI), four-corner 23250, composition ⿰亻戈)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 96, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 439
  • Dae Jaweon: page 203, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 120, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+4F10

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 伐
alternative forms 𪜁 ancient

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 伐
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
 
j19039
 
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s05881
Transcribed ancient scripts
 
L37798
 
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L26531
 
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L26535
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (伐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
茷 *paːds, *bads, *bad
筏 *paːd, *bad
伐 *bad
閥 *bad
垡 *bad
栰 *bad

Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Note:
  • huăk - literary;
  • puăk - vernacular (“to stride; step”).
Note:
  • hoa̍h - vernacular (“to step forward; step; classifier for footsteps”);
  • hoa̍t - literary.
Note:
  • huag8 - Shantou;
  • huêg8 - Chaozhou.
Note: 0va - yes/no question particle.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 伐
Mandarin Beijing /fa³⁵/
Harbin /fa²⁴/
Tianjin /fɑ⁴⁵/
Jinan /fa⁴²/
Qingdao /fa⁴²/
Zhengzhou /fa⁴²/
Xi'an /fa²⁴/
Xining /fa²⁴/
Yinchuan /fa¹³/
Lanzhou /fa⁵³/
Ürümqi /fa⁵¹/
Wuhan /fa²¹³/
Chengdu /fa³¹/
Guiyang /fa²¹/
Kunming /fa̠³¹/
Nanjing /fɑʔ⁵/
Hefei /fɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /faʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /xuʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /faʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /vaʔ¹/
Suzhou /vaʔ³/
Hangzhou /vɑʔ²/
Wenzhou /ɦo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /fa²²/
Tunxi /fuːə⁵/
Xiang Changsha /fa²⁴/
Xiangtan /ɸɒ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /faʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /fat̚⁵/
Taoyuan /fɑt̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fɐt̚²/
Nanning /fat̚²²/
Hong Kong /fɐt̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /huat̚⁵/
/huaʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /pʰuaʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xua²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /huak̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /fak̚⁵/
Rime
Character 伐
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 月 (68)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 房越切
Baxter bjot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bʉɐt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bʷiɐt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/biuɐt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/buat̚/
Li
Rong 		/biuɐt̚/
Wang
Li 		/bĭwɐt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱi̯wɐt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fá
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		faat6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 伐
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fá
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bjot ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m-pat/
English cut; strike; attack

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 伐
Reading # 1/1
No. 2859
Phonetic
component 		伐
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		伐
Old
Chinese 		/*bad/

Definitions

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伐

  1. to kill; to slaughter; to behead
  2. to hack; to fell; to cut down; to hew
  3. to knock; to strike; to hit
  4. to send troops to suppress; to attack
  5. to remove; to eliminate; to take away
  6. to damage; to harm; to endanger
  7. to defeat; to thwart
  8. to criticize; to blame
  9. (Chinese astronomy) the name of three stars in the Three Stars mansion: 42 Orionis, θ2 Orionis and ι Orionis
  10. ridge soil
  11. Alternative form of 閥／阀 (fá, “merit; achievement”)
  12. to brag about (oneself); to flaunt
  13. Alternative form of 瞂 (fá, “shield”)
  14. Alternative form of 罰／罚 (fá, “to punish”)
  15. (Min) to stride; to take a stride; to step forward; to step over
  16. (Min) step; footstep; stride
  17. (Min) Classifier for footsteps: step
  18. (Wu) Alternative form of 𠲎 (0va, “final interrogative particle on a yes/no question”)
  19. (Wu) Alternative form of 勿 (“not”)
  20. Used in transcription.
    斯洛伐克  ―  Sīluòfákè  ―  Slovakia
    巴伐利亞／巴伐利亚  ―  Bāfálìyà  ―  Bavaria
    威斯特伐利亞／威斯特伐利亚  ―  Wēisītèfálìyà  ―  Westphalia
    呂伐登／吕伐登  ―  Lǚfádēng  ―  Leeuwarden
    皮埃爾·賴伐爾／皮埃尔·赖伐尔  ―  Pí'āi'ěr Làifá'ěr  ―  Pierre Laval
    伐樓拿／伐楼拿  ―  Fálóuná  ―  Varuna
  21. a surname

Usage notes

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In transcriptions of Buddhist terms, 伐 (MC bjot) is often used to transcribe व (va).

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 伐 – see 𠲎 (“final interrogative particle on a yes/no question.”).
(This character is a variant form of 𠲎).

Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of 伐 – see 筏 (“raft”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 筏).
Notes:

Etymology 4

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For pronunciation and definitions of 伐 – see 閥 (“contribution; family status; etc.”).
(This character is the second-round simplified and variant form of 閥).
Notes:

Etymology 5

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For pronunciation and definitions of 伐 – see 垡.
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 垡).
Notes:

Etymology 6

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For pronunciation and definitions of 伐 – see 勿 (“do not; don't; not; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 勿).

References

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  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “伐”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 61.

Japanese

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Kanji

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伐

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. to attack, to strike, to cut

Readings

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Korean

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Hanja

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伐 (eumhun 칠 벌 (chil beol))

  1. hanja form? of 벌 (“to attack, to strike, to cut”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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伐: Hán Nôm readings: phạt

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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