Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/somh₁ós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Presumably from *sem- (“together, one”).

Adjective

*somh₁ós (non-ablauting)

1. same, alike, alone?

   Antonym: *h₂élyos

Inflection

Thematic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*somHós	*somHéh₂
genitive	*somHósyo	*somHéh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*somHós	*somHóh₁	*somHóes
vocative	*somHé	*somHóh₁	*somHóes
accusative	*somHóm	*somHóh₁	*somHóms
genitive	*somHósyo	*?	*somHóHom
ablative	*somHéad	*?	*somHómos, *somHóbʰos
dative	*somHóey	*?	*somHómos, *somHóbʰos
locative	*somHéy, *somHóy	*?	*somHóysu
instrumental	*somHóh₁	*?	*somHṓys
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*somHéh₂	*somHéh₂h₁(e)	*somHéh₂es
vocative	*somHéh₂	*somHéh₂h₁(e)	*somHéh₂es
accusative	*somHā́m	*somHéh₂h₁(e)	*somHéh₂m̥s
genitive	*somHéh₂s	*?	*somHéh₂oHom
ablative	*somHéh₂s	*?	*somHéh₂mos, *somHéh₂bʰos
dative	*somHéh₂ey	*?	*somHéh₂mos, *somHéh₂bʰos
locative	*somHéh₂, *somHéh₂i	*?	*somHéh₂su
instrumental	*somHéh₂h₁	*?	*somHéh₂mis, *somHéh₂bʰis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*somHóm	*somHóy(h₁)	*somHéh₂
vocative	*somHóm	*somHóy(h₁)	*somHéh₂
accusative	*somHóm	*somHóy(h₁)	*somHéh₂
genitive	*somHósyo	*?	*somHóHom
ablative	*somHéad	*?	*somHómos, *somHóbʰos
dative	*somHóey	*?	*somHómos, *somHóbʰos
locative	*somHéy, *somHóy	*?	*somHóysu
instrumental	*somHóh₁	*?	*somHṓys

Descendants

• Proto-Albanian: *-(i)sama
  • Albanian: -shëm, -shme, -çëm, -çme
• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sāmas
  • Proto-Slavic: *samъ (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Celtic: *somos
  • Old Irish: som, sāim
• Proto-Germanic: *samaz (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Hellenic: *homos
  • Ancient Greek: ὁμός (homós) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *samHás (see there for further descendants)
• Tocharian A: sоmа-
• Tocharian B: sоmо-