cían

See also: Appendix:Variations of "cian"

Old Irish

FWOTD – 11 December 2021

Alternative forms

• cén

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *keinos. The noun is a feminine substantivization of the adjective.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kʲiːa̯n]

Adjective

cían

1. far, distant

   Antonym: ocus

2. long-lasting

For quotations using this term, see Citations:cían.

Declension

o/ā-stem
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	cían	cían	cían
Vocative	céin* cían**
Accusative	cían	céin
Genitive	céin	céine	céin
Dative	cían	céin	cían
Plural	Masculine	Feminine/neuter
Nominative	céin	cíana
Vocative	cíanu cíana†
Accusative	cíanu cíana†
Genitive	cían
Dative	cíanaib
Notes	*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized

Noun

cían f

1. a long (period of) time

Declension

Feminine ā-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	cíanL	céinL	cíanaH
Vocative	cíanL	céinL	cíanaH
Accusative	céinN	céinL	cíanaH
Genitive	céineH	cíanL	cíanN
Dative	céinL	cíanaib	cíanaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• cach la céin (“at one time”)
• céin (“since”, conjunction)
• íar céin (“after a while”)
• in céin (“since”, conjunction)
• in céin n-aili (“at another time”)
• ó chéin (“from long ago”)

 

Descendants

• Middle Irish: cían
  • Irish: cian
  • Scottish Gaelic: cian

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
cían	chían	cían pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cían”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /ˈθian/ [ˈθi.ãn]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /ˈsian/ [ˈsi.ãn]
• Rhymes: -ian
• Syllabification: cí‧an

Verb

cían

1. third-person plural present indicative of ciar