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< Flora of New York
A reviewed version of this page, approved on 11 June 2024, was based off this revision.
←
Pre-polypod
ferns 		Flora of New York — Polypodiales →
Pinales
Table of
contents 		Genus
index 		Protected species index Invasive species index


Subclass Order Suborder Family Subfamily Genus Subgenus Common names #
Equisetidae Equisetales — Equisetaceae — Equisetum Equisetum horsetail 6
Hippochaete scouring rush 7
Ophioglossidae Ophioglossales — Ophioglossaceae Botrychioideae Botrychium Botrychium moonwort, grape fern 8
Osmundopteris rattlesnake fern 1
Sceptridium evergreen grapefern 4
Ophioglossoideae Ophioglossum adder's tongue 1
Polypodiidae

(leptosporangiate
ferns) 		Osmundales — Osmundaceae — Osmundastrum cinnamon fern 1
Osmunda Claytosmunda interrupted fern 1
Osmunda royal fern 1
Hymenophyllales — Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanoideae Crepidomanes grotto felt, weft fern 1
Schizaeales — Lygodiaceae — Lygodium climbing fern 1
Schizaeaceae — Schizaea curlygrass fern 1
Salviniales — Salviniaceae — Azolla mosquitofern 1
Salvinia watermoss, floatingfern x
Marsileaceae — Marsilea waterclover, waterfern 1
Polypodiales Dennstaedtiineae Dennstaedtiaceae — Dennstaedtia hay-scented fern 1
Pteridium brackenfern 2
Pteridineae Pteridaceae Cryptogrammoideae Cryptogramma rock brake 1
Pteridoideae Pteris brake fern x
Cheilanthoideae Pellaea cliff brake 2
Cheilanthes lip fern 1
Vittarioideae Adiantum maidenhair-fern 1
Vittaria ribbon fern 1
Aspleniineae Cystopteridaceae — Cystopteris bladder fern 5
Gymnocarpium oak fern 2
Diplaziopsidaceae — Homalosorus glade fern 1
Aspleniaceae — Asplenium spleenwort 10
Thelypteridaceae Phegopteridoideae Phegopteris beech fern 2
Thelypteridoideae Thelypteris marsh fern, New York fern 3
Woodsiaceae — Woodsia cliff fern 5
Onocleaceae — Onoclea sensitive fern 1
Matteuccia ostrich fern 1
Blechnaceae Woodwardioideae Anchistea Virginia chainfern 1
Lorinseria netted chainfern 1
Athyriaceae — Deparia false spleenwort 1
Athyrium lady fern 3
Polypodiineae Dryopteridaceae Dryopteridoideae Cyrtomium netvein hollyfern x
Dryopteris woodfern 30
Polystichum hollyfern 5
Polypodiaceae Polypodioideae Polypodium polypody, rockcap fern 3
Pleopeltis resurrection fern x

Suborder Pteridineae

Family Pteridaceae

The Pteridaceae E.D.M.Kirchn. (1831), (brakefern family)...

Subfamily Cryptogrammoideae

Cryptogramma
Cryptogramma stelleri
slender cliffbrake, Steller’s cliffbrake
Polypodiales — Pteridaceae — Cryptogrammoideae — Cryptogramma
Genus Cryptogramma Rock-brake N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (S.G.Gmel.) Prantl
1768. Pteris stelleri S.G.Gmel.
1882. Cryptogramma stelleri Prantl
 Fragile rockbrake,
Slender cliff brake,
Slender rock-brake,
Steller's rock brake
Cryptogramme de steller 		Native, CoC: 9,
Vulnerable,
DEC-D[1]
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-fern,
2n=60

NYFA: 3-4
USDA-N
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VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
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FNA
Tropicos
NatureServe
IPN
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Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.

Subfamily Pteridoideae

Pteris
Pteris multifida
spider brake
Pteris multifida, the spider brake was listed as present in New York by the 1955 American Fern Journal, which cited Willard Nelson Clute:
New York: It is fond of growing on old walls as far north as New York City — Clute (1938, p. 102).[1]

USDA-NRCS Plants Database lists the 1958 American Fern Journal as the source for the plant being listed in New York, but it doesn't appear to be listed in that volume.[2] Pteris multifida is now been listed as "excluded" in the New York Flora Atlas.

  1. ↑ G.N. Jones (1955) "On the Occurrence of Pteris multifida in the United States." American Fern Journal, 45:107-111.
  2. ↑ USDA-NRCS Plants Database for Pteris multifida (July 21, 2015)
Polypodiales — Pteridaceae — Pteridoideae — Pteris
Genus Pteris (excluded taxa) Brake-fern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Poir.
1804. Pteris multifida Poir.
1938. Pycnodoria multifida (Poir.) Small
 auct. Pteris serrulata non L.f.
 Spider brake,
Spider fern,
Chinese brake,
Huguenot fern,
Saw-leaved bracken 		Introduced from
 temperate Asia,
 tropical Asia,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
USDA-X0
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
IPN
Images
Wikispecies

Subfamily Cheilanthoideae

Subfamily Cheilanthoideae.
Pellaea
Pellaea atropurpurea
Cliff-brake ferns
Polypodiales — Pteridaceae — Cheilanthoideae — Pellaea
Genus Pellaea Cliff-brake N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Link
    Pteris atropurpurea (L.) Link
 Purple cliffbrake,
Purple-stemmed cliff-brake 		Native,
Vulnerable,
DEC-D[1]

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
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Wikispecies
 Mett. ex Kuhn
ssp. glabella
1858. Pellaea rigida  var. rigida  
1869. Pellaea glabella  var. glabella  
    Pellaea glabella  var. bushii  Mack.
    Pellaea glabella  ssp. glabella  
1902. Pellaea atropurpurea  var. bushii  Mack. & Bush
1938. Pellaea atropurpurea  f. glabella  Clute
Smooth cliff-brake ⓘ
Slender cliff-brake ⓘ
Dwarf cliffbrake
Simple cliffbrake
Pelléade glabre ⓘ
Pelléade glabre typique ⓘ
Pelléade glabre variété glabre ⓘ
Native,
Threatened,
DEC-B[2]

NYFA: 2
USDA-NN
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  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.
  2. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened.
Myriopteris
Myriopteris lanosa
Hairy lip-fern or woolly lip fern (Myriopteris lanosa) can no longer be found in any of its known sites but it's possible that it's present somewhere in the state.[1]
  1. ↑ New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
Polypodiales — Pteridaceae — Cheilanthoideae — Myriopteris
Genus Myriopteris Lip-fern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Michx.) Grusz & Windham
1803. Nephrodium lanosum Michx.
1804. Adiantum vestitum Spreng.
1806. Cheilanthes vestita Sw.
1859. Cheilanthes lanosa (Michx.) D.C.Eaton
2013. M. lanosa (Michx.) Grusz & Windham
 Hairy lipfern,
Wooly lip-fern 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
S1, G5
Bronx, Dutchess, New York, Orange, Rockland, Ulster, Westchester
NYFA: Z
USDA-N0
Go Botany
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  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.

Subfamily Vittarioideae

The Vittarioideae subfamily contains the former families Adiantaceae (maidenhair ferns) and Vittariaceae (shoestring ferns).
Adiantum
Adiantum pedatum
maidenhair fern
Polypodiales — Pteridaceae — Vittarioideae — Adiantum
Genus Adiantum Maidenhair-fern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Adiantum pedatum L.
 Maidenhair fern,
Northern maidenhair-fern,
Northern maidenhair,
Five-finger fern
Adiante du Canada 		Native,
Likely secure,
DEC-D[1]

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
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 L.
1753. Adiantum capillus-veneris
Venus’s hair fern ⓘ
Common maidenhair ⓘ
Southern maidenhair ⓘ
Black maidenhair ⓘ
Introduced from
 southern US,
N. America native,
Not naturalized
NYFA: Greene (1923)
iNat: Seuben (2021), New York (2021)
NYFA: Xm
iNat
USDA-NN
Go Botany-0
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.
Vittaria
Vittaria appalachiana
Appalachian shoestring fern
The genus Vittaria is represented in New York by the endangered Appalachian shoestring fern, which has been found in only a few counties and only in its gametophyte stage.[1]
  1. ↑ New York Flora Atlas: Vittaria appalachiana appears only as "minute moss-like gametophytes" in New York.
Polypodiales — Pteridaceae — Vittarioideae — Vittaria
Genus Vittaria Shoestring-fern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Farrar & Mickel (1991)
 Appalachian shoestring fern,
Appalachian vittaria,
Appalachian gametophyte fern 		Native,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1]
NYFA: 3 counties
iNat: Chautauqua (2021)
NYFA: 1
USDA-N0
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.

Suborder Dennstaedtiineae

Family Dennstaedtiaceae

The Dennstaedtiaceae Lotsy (1909), (bracken-fern family)

Although they are native to the Northeast, the hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula), and brackenfern (Pteridium aquilinum) are considered to be "interfering" plants in New York forests. These ferns produce dense stands that prevent the establishment of tree seedlings. While this has been found to be beneficial in limited situations, such as under power-lines and on ski-area trails, these ferns are generally seen as detrimental to forest regeneration.[1]

  1. ↑ Heather M. Engelman & Ralph D. Nyland (2006). "Interference to Hardwood Regeneration in Northeastern North America: Assessing and Countering Ferns in Northern Hardwood Forests." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry (Society of American Foresters) 23(3):166–175.
Dennstaedtia
Dennstaedtia punctilobula
hay-scented fern
Hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula) is often considered to be an interfering species in New York forest understories, where large deer populations over-browse other native plants but avoid this fern, which prevents tree regeneration.[1][2]
  1. ↑ Peter Smallidge (2015). "Native Invasive: Hay-scented Fern." The Overstory. New York Forest Owners Association, Southeatern Adirondack Chapter, 26:2.
  2. ↑ Fei, S., Gould, P., Kaeser, M., & Steiner, K. (2010). Distribution and Dynamics of the Invasive Native Hay-Scented Fern. Weed Science, 58(4), 408-412. doi:10.1614/WS-D-10-00040.1
Polypodiales — Dennstaedtiaceae — Dennstaedtia
Genus Dennstaedtia Hay-scented fern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Michx.) T.Moore
1803. Nephrodium punctilobulum Michx.
1810. Aspidium punctilobum Willd.
1827. Sitobolium punctilobum Desv.
1848. Dicksonia punctilobula A.Gray
1857. Dennstaedtia punctilobula T.Moore
 Hay-scented fern,
Eastern hay-scented fern,
Hay-scent fern,
Boulder fern
Dennstaedtie à
  lobules ponctués 		Native, CoC: 4,
Secure,
Interfering
FACU-UPL
Perennial,
Herb-fern

NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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Pteridium
Pteridium aquilinum
eastern bracken fern
Polypodiales — Dennstaedtiaceae — Pteridium
Genus Pteridium Brackenfern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Desv.) Hieron.

1827. Pteris latiuscula Desv. in Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 303
1909. Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. ex A.Heller in Cat. N. Amer. Pl.:17
1914. Pteridium latiusculum (Desv.) Hieron. in R.E.Fries, Wiss. Erg. Schwed. Rhodesia-Kongo-Exp.
1941. Pteridium aquilinum ssp. latiusculum (Desv.) Hultén in Acta Univ. Lund., 2, 37(1):44
1943. Pteris aquilina subvar. latiuscula (Desv.) Farw. in Amer. Fern J. 33:9
1949. Pteridium aquilinum ssp. latiusculum (Desv.) Hultén ex R.T.Clausen in Cornell Univ. Ag. Mem.

Eastern brackenfern,
Eastern bracken,
Brackenfern
Fougère-aigle de l'Est 		Native, CoC: 3,
Secure,
Interfering
FACU
Perennial,
Fern,
Heliophily: 6

NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
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 (Clute) Christenh.

1900. Pteris aquilina var. pseudocaudata Clute in Fern Bull. 8:39
1900. Pteridium aquilinum var. pseudocaudatum Clute in Fern Bull. 8:39
1901. Pteris pseudocaudata (Clute) Hay, T.S.Palmer & C.D.White in Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington
1919. Pteridium latiusculum var. pseudocaudatum (Clute) Maxon in Amer. Fern J. 9:44
1931. Filix-foemina aquilina var. pseudocaudata (Clute) Farw. in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12:290
1935. Pteris latiuscula var. pseudocaudata (Clute) E.P.St.John & R.P.St.John in Amer. Fern J. 25:40
1941. Pteridium aquilinum ssp. pseudocaudatum (Clute) Hultén in Acta Univ. Lund., 2, 37(1):44
2018. Pteridium pseudocaudatum (Clute) Christenh. in Global Fl. 4:7

Southeastern Bracken,
Tailed bracken,
Brackenfern,
Western brackenfern 		Native, CoC: 3,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1]
FACU
Perennial,
Fern,
Heliophily: 5
NYFA: Richmond (1889-1901), Suffolk (1932)
NYFA: Z
USDA-N0
FSUS
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FNA
Tropicos
BONAP
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 (L.) Kuhn

1753. Pteris aquilina L. in Sp. Pl.:795
1799. Asplenium aquilinum (L.) Bernh. in J. Bot. (Schrader) 1799(1):310
1879. Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn in C.C.von der Decken, Reisen Ost Afr. 3(3):11
1941. Pteridium aquilinum ssp. typicum R.M. Tryon in Rhodora 43:15, not validly publ.

Western brackenfern Introduced,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
USDA-NN
POWO
ARS-GRIN
FNA
Tropicos
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.

Suborder Aspleniineae

The classification used here follows PPG I (2016),[1] which places all of eupolypods II in suborder Aspleniineae.
Aspleniineae
 
Cystopteridaceae
 

Cystopteris (4 bladderferns)

 
 

Gymnocarpium dryopteris (northern oak fern)

 
 
 
 
 
 

Diplaziopsidaceae—Homalosorus pycnocarpos (narrow-leaved glade fern)

 
 

Aspleniaceae—Asplenium (11 spleenworts)

 
 
 
 
Thelypteridaceae
 

Phegopteridoideae—Phegopteris (2 beech ferns)

 
 

Thelypteridoideae—Thelypteris (3 marsh ferns)

 
 
 
 
 

Woodsiaceae—Woodsia (5 cliff ferns)

 
 
 
Athyriaceae
 

Athyrium (2 lady ferns)

 
 

Deparia acrostichoides (silvery spleenwort)

 
 
 
 
 
Onocleaceae
 

Onoclea sensibilis (sensitive fern)

 
 

Matteuccia struthiopteris (ostrich fern)

 
 
 
 
Blechnaceae : Woodwardioideae
 

Anchistea virginica (Virginia chainfern)

 
 

Lorinseria areolata (netted chainfern)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  1. ↑ PPG I (2016), A community‐derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 54: 563-603. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12229

Family Cystopteridaceae

The Cystopteridaceae Ching & Z.R.Wang (1997) (bladder-ferns)...

Cystopteris

Cystopteris bulbifera
bulblet fern
Polypodiales — Cystopteridaceae — Cystopteris
Genus Cystopteris Bladder-fern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Bernh.
1753. Polypodium bulbiferum L.
1806. Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh.
1900. Filix bulbifera (L.) Underw.
 Bulblet fern,
Bulblet bladder-fern,
Bulblet fragile-fern,
Berry fern
Cystoptère bulbifère,
Cystoptèride bulbifère 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure,
DEC-D[1]
Perennial,
Herb-fern

NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 (L.) Bernh.
1753. Polypodium fragile L.
1806. Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh.
1848. Cystopteris dickieana  R.Sim
1900. Filix fragilis (L.) Underw.
 Brittle bladder-fern,
Fragile fern 		Native, CoC: 7,
Likely secure,
DEC-D[1]
Perennial,
Herb-fern

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
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Wikispecies
 (Michx.) Desv.
  Cystopteris protrusa ×
  "Cystopteris hemifragilis"†
1803. Nephrodium tenue Michx.
1827. Cystopteris tenuis (Michx.) Desv.
1889. C. fragilis  var. mackayi  G.Lawson
 Mackay's bladder-fern,
Mackay's fragile fern,
Upland brittle bladder-fern
Cystoptère ténue 		Native, CoC: 7,
Likely secure,
DEC-D[1]
Perennial,
Herb-fern

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
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 (Weath.) Blasdell
1935. Cystopteris fragilis  var. protrusa  Weath.
1963. Cystopteris protrusa Blasdell
 Lowland bladder-fern,
Lowland brittle fern,
Lowland fragile fern,
Southern bladder-fern 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
DEC-A[2]
Perennial,
Herb-fern
Broome, Erie, Richmond, Suffolk, Tompkins
NYFA: 1
USDA-NN
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Genus Cystopteris (excluded taxa) Bladder-fern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Cystopteris bulbifera × fragilis
  Cystopteris bulbifera ×
  Cystopteris fragilis
 Hybrid of
 bulblet bladder-fern &
 fragile fern 		Native,
N.Y. excluded
Perennial,
Herb-fern

NYFA-Excluded
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ a b c New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.
  2. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.

Gymnocarpium

Gymnocarpium dryopteris
Polypodiales — Cystopteridaceae — Gymnocarpium
Genus Gymnocarpium Oak-fern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Newman
1753. Polypodium dryopteris L.
1851. G. dryopteris (L.) Newman
1852. Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fée
1905. Dryopteris linnaeana C. Chr.
1909. Dryopteris dryopteris (L.) Christ
1917. Thelypteris dryopteris (L.) Sloss.
1966. Carpogymnia dryopteris Á.& D.Löve
 Northern oak fern,
Common oak fern,
Western oak fern
Gymnocarpe fougère-du-chêne 		Native, CoC: 8,
Likely secure,
DEC-D[1]

NYFA: 4-5
USDA-NN
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 (Sarvela) Pryer & Haufler
  Gymnocarpium disjunctum ×
  Gymnocarpium dryopteris
1980. Gymnocarpium dryopteris  ssp. brittonianum  Sarvela
1993. Gymnocarpium × brittonianum Pryer & Haufler
 Britton's fern,
Britton's oak-fern
Gymnocarpe de Britton 		Native,
Unranked

NYFA: U
USDA-NN
VASCAN
ITIS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Gymnocarpium (excluded) Oak-fern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Rupr.) Ching
1845. Polypodium dryopteris  var. disjunctum  Rupr.
1965. G. disjunctum (Rupr.) Ching
 Pacific oakfern,
Western oak fern
Gymnocarpe disjoint,
Dryoptère disjointe,
Dryoptèride du chêne 		N. America native,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
USDA-NN
VASCAN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 (Hoffm.) Newman
1795. Polypodium robertianum Hoffm.
1850. Phegopteris robertianum (Hoffm.) Fée
1851. Gymnocarpium robertianum (Hoffm.) Newman
1905. Dryopteris robertiana (Hoffm.) C.Chr.
1917. Thelypteris robertiana (Hoffm.) Sloss. ex Rydb.
1962. Gymnocarpium dryopteris  var. pumilum  B.Boivin
 Scented oakfern,
Limestone fern,
Robert's oak fern,
Northern oak fern
Gymnocarpe de Robert 		N. America native,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
USDA-NN
VASCAN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.

Family Diplaziopsidaceae

The glade fern family includes the genera Diplaziopsis C. Chr. (2–4 spp.) and Homalosorus Pic. Serm. (1 sp.)

Homalosorus

Homalosorus pycnocarpos
narrow-leaved glade fern
Polypodiales — Aspleniaceae — Athyrioideae — Homalosorus
Genus Homalosorus Sw. Twin-sorus fern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Serm.
1803. Asplenium angustifolium Michx. in…
1804. Asplenium pycnocarpon Spreng.
1906. Athyrium pycnocarpon Tidestr.
1938. Diplazium pycnocarpon M.Broun
1977. Homalosorus pycnocarpos Serm.
 Glade fern,
Narrow-leaved glade fern,
Narrow-leaved-spleenwort
Athyrie à sores denses,
Diplazie à sores denses 		Native, CoC: 9,
Likely secure,
DEC-D[1]
FAC
Perennial,
Fern

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
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  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.


Family Aspleniaceae

The Aspleniaceae Link (1841) (spleenworts)...

Asplenium

Asplenium platyneuron
ebony spleenwort
Spleenworts (Asplenium) have the largest number of species (over 700 worldwide) of any fern genus. However, only about 10 Asplenium species occur in New York State. Here Asplenium is divided into clades acording to Xu et al. (2020).[1]
Asplenium
 
II.

Asplenium scolopendrium (hart's-tongue fern)

 
 
V.
 

Asplenium platyneuron (ebony spleenwort)

 
 

Asplenium rhizophyllum (walking fern)

 
 
VI.
 

Asplenium trichomanes (maidenhair spleenwort)

 
 

Asplenium viride (green spleenwort)

 
 
 
 
XI.
 

Asplenium ruta-muraria (wall rue)

 
 
 

Asplenium montanum (mountain spleenwort)

 
 

Asplenium bradleyi (Bradley’s spleenwort)

 
 
 
 
  1. ↑ Xu, K.‐W., Zhang, L., Rothfels, C.J., Smith, A.R., Viane, R., Lorence, D., Wood, K.R., Chen, C.‐W., Knapp, R., Zhou, L., Lu, N.T., Zhou, X.‐M., Wei, H.‐J., Fan, Q., Chen, S.‐F., Cicuzza, D., Gao, X.‐F., Liao, W.‐B. and Zhang, L.‐B. (2020), A global plastid phylogeny of the fern genus Asplenium (Aspleniaceae). Cladistics, 36: 22-71. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12384
Asplenium II. Phyllitis clade
Asplenium scolopendrium
The Phyllitis clade contains the Asplenium species previously assigned to genus Phyllitis, as well as species previously in genera Ceterach and Ceterachopsis. The sole New York species in this clade, Asplenium scolopendrium, was named as such by Linnaeus in 1753 but was segregated into Phyllitis by Newman in 1844.
Polypodiales — Aspleniaceae — Asplenium
Genus Asplenium Spleenwort N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
var. americanum (Fernald) Kartesz & Gandhi
1793. Scolopendrium vulgare Small
1935. Phyllitis scolopendrium  var. americana  Fernald
1954. Phyllitis fernaldiana Á. Löve
1973. Phyllitis japonica  ssp. americana  
1991. A. scolopendrium  var. americanum  
 American
 hart's-tongue fern,
Hart's-tongue fern,
Hart's tonguefern 		Native, CoC: 9,
Threatened,
DEC-B[1]
Genesee, Madison, Onondaga
NYFA: 2
USDA-N
ARS-GRIN
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Asplenium (excluded taxa) Spleenwort N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
var. scolopendrium
1753. Asplenium scolopendrium L.
1844. Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman
1881. Scolopendrium scolopendrium H.Karst.
 Hart's-tongue fern Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
N.Y. excluded,
Cultivated

NYFA-Excluded
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened.
Asplenium V. Schaffneria clade
Polypodiales — Aspleniaceae — Asplenium
Genus Asplenium Spleenwort N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
var. platyneuron
1753. Acrostichum platyneuros L.
1789. Asplenium ebeneum Aiton
1878. Asplenium platyneuron Oakes ex D.C. Eaton
1888. Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
1931. Chamaefilix platyneuros (L.) Farw.
 Ebony spleenwort Native, CoC: 5,
Secure,
DEC-D[1]

NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 L.
1753. Asplenium rhizophyllum L.
1833. Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link
 Walking fern,
Walking-fern spleenwort,
American walking fern
Doradille ambulante,
Camptosore à
 feuilles radicantes 		Native, CoC: 10,
Likely secure,
DEC-D[1]

NYFA: 4-5
iNat
USDA-NN
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 R.R.Scott
  Asplenium rhizophyllum ×
  Asplenium platyneuron
1865. Asplenium ebenoides R.R.Scott
1937. × Asplenosorus ebenoides Wherry
 Scott's spleenwort,
Dragon tail fern,
Walking spleenwort 		Native,
No recent reports
Dutchess, Saratoga, Ulster, Washington
NYFA: Z
USDA-N0
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  1. ↑ a b New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.
Asplenium VI. A. trichomanes clade
Polypodiales — Aspleniaceae — Asplenium
Genus Asplenium Spleenwort N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 ssp. trichomanes
1753. Asplenium trichomanes L.
Maidenhair spleenwort (diploid)
Native, CoC: 9,
Likely secure,
DEC-D[1]

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
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Wikispecies
 L.
 ssp. quadrivalens D.E.Mey.
1888. Asplenium melanolepis Colenso
1962. Asplenium trichomanes  ssp. quadrivalens  D.E.Mey.
2010. Asplenium quadrivalens (D.E. Mey.) Landolt
Maidenhair spleenwort (tetraploid)
Native, CoC: 9,
Likely secure,
S4?, G5,
DEC-D[1]
Onondaga (1924)
NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
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 L.
nssp. lusaticum (D.E.Mey.) Lawalrèe
  Asplenium trichomanes ssp. trichomanes ×
  Asplenium trichomanes ssp. quadrivalens
1958. Asplenium × lusaticum D.E.Mey.
1978. Asplenium trichomanes  ssp. lusaticum  
 Hybrid
 Maidenhair spleenwort 		Native,
Unranked,
No NY reports

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 Huds.
1753. Asplenium ramosum L.
1753. Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum L.
1762. Asplenium viride Huds.
 Green spleenwort,
Bright-green spleenwort 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
DEC-A[2]

NYFA: 1
USDA-NN
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  1. ↑ a b New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.
  2. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
Asplenium XI. Pleurosorus clade
Polypodiales — Aspleniaceae — Asplenium
Genus Asplenium Spleenwort N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Asplenium ruta muraria L.
1928. Asplenium cryptolepis Fernald
1928. A. cryptolepisvar. ohionis Fernald
1935. A. ruta-murariavar. cryptolepis
C. Chr. ex Massey
1939. A. ruta-murariassp. cryptolepis
R.T. Clausen & Wahl
 Wallrue,
Wall-rue spleenwort
Doradille des murailles,
Mauerraute 		Native, CoC: 10,
Likely secure,
DEC-D[1]

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
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Wikispecies
Mountain spleenwort Native, CoC: 10,
Threatened,
DEC-B[2]

NYFA: 2-3
USDA-N0
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 D.C.Eaton
  Asplenium montanum ×
  Asplenium platyneuron
1873. Asplenium bradleyi D.C.Eaton
1925. Asplenium stotleri Wherry
1931. Chamaefilix bradleyi Farw.
 Bradley's spleenwort Native, CoC: 10,
No recent reports,
Endangered,
DEC-A[3]

NYFA: Z
USDA-N0
ITIS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 Syme
  Asplenium ruta-muraria ×
  Asplenium trichomanes
1886. Asplenium clermontae Syme
 Hybrid
 Wallrue &
 Maidenhair spleenwort 		Native,
Unranked,
No NY reports

NYFA: D
USDA-N0
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  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.
  2. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened.
  3. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.

Family Thelypteridaceae

Family Thelypteridaceae Ching ex Pic.Serm. (1970)

Subfamily Phegopteridoideae

The Phegopteridoideae Salino, A.R.Sm. & T.E.Almeida (2016)

Phegopteris
Phegopteris connectilis
Two species of Beech ferns (Phegopteris) are found in New York.
Polypodiales — Thelypteridaceae — Phegopteridoideae — Phegopteris
Genus Phegopteris Beech-fern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Michx.) Watt
1753. Polypodium phegopteris L.
1803. Polypodium connectile Michx.
1826. Lastrea phegopteris (L.) Bory
1852. Phegopteris polypodioides Fée
1866. Phegopteris connectilis
(Michx.) Watt
1905. Dryopteris phegopteris (L.) C.Chr.
1917. Thelypteris phegopteris (L.) Sloss.
 Long beech fern,
Northern beech fern,
Narrow beech fern
Phégoptère à
    segments joint,
Fougère du hêtre 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure,
DEC-D[1]
FACU
Perennial,
Fern

NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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(Michx.) Fée
1803. Polypodium hexagonopterum
Michx.
1852. Phegopteris hexagonoptera
(Michx.) Fée
1905. Dryopteris hexagonoptera
(Michx.) C.Chr.
1919. Thelypteris hexagonoptera
(Michx.) Weath.
 Broad beech fern,
Broad beechfern,
Southern beech fern
Phégoptère à hexagones,
Phégoptéride à hexagones,
Thélyptère à hexagones 		Native,
Likely secure,
DEC-D[1]

NYFA: 4-5
USDA-NN
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  1. ↑ a b New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.

Subfamily Thelypteridoideae

Thelypteris
Thelypteris palustris
marsh fern
As with the hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula) and bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum), listed above, the New York fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis) is considered to be an "interfering" plant in New York forests. New York ferns produce dense stands that prevent the establishment of tree seedlings.[1] Despite being considered weeds (or conceivably because they are), New York ferns, as well as the other two Thelypteris species, are listed as "exploitably vulnerable" by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.[2]
  1. ↑ Heather M. Engelman & Ralph D. Nyland (2006). "Interference to Hardwood Regeneration in Northeastern North America: Assessing and Countering Ferns in Northern Hardwood Forests." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry (Society of American Foresters) 23(3):166–175.
  2. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.
Polypodiales — Thelypteridaceae — Thelypteridoideae — Thelypteris
Genus Thelypteris Maiden-fern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Schott
var. pubescens (G.Lawson) Fernald
1836. Dryopteris thelypteris
var. pubescens
1864. Lastrea thelypterisvar. pubescens
1864. T. confluensvar. pubescens
1910. Dryopteris tremula Christ
1929. T. palustrisvar. haleana
1929. T. palustrisvar. pubescens
 Marsh fern,
Eastern marsh fern,
Northern marsh fern
Thélyptère des marais
    d'Amérique 		Native, CoC: 4,
Secure,
DEC-D[1]
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-fern

NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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(L.) Nieuwl.
1753. Polypodium noveboracense L.
1803. Nephrodium thelypterioides Michx.
1827. Nephrodium novaeboracense Desv.
1848. Dryopteris noveboracensis
1910. Thelypteris noveboracensis
1963. Parathelypteris noveboracensis
Ching
1972. Thelypteris thelypterioides Holub
 New York fern
Fougère de New York,
Thélyptéride de New York 		Native, CoC: 4,
Secure,
DEC-D[1]
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-fern

NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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(Davenp.) Nieuwl.
1894. Aspidium simulatum Davenp.
1894. Dryopteris simulata Davenp.
1904. Filix simulata (Davenp.) Farw.
1910. T. simulata (Davenp.) Nieuwl.
1976. Parathelypteris simulata Holttum
 Massachusetts fern,
Bog fern
Thélyptère simulatrice 		Native, CoC: 8,
Vulnerable,
DEC-D[1]
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-fern

NYFA: 3-4
USDA-N
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Genus Thelypteris (excluded taxa) Maiden-fern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Schott
var. palustris
1834. Thelypteris palustris Schott
    
    
 Eurasian marsh fern
Thélyptère des marais 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
USDA-
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ a b c New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.

Family Woodsiaceae

The Woodsiaceae Herter (1949)

Woodsia

Woodsia ilvensis
Genus Woodsia contains five species of cliff-ferns that are found in New York.
Polypodiales — Woodsiaceae — Woodsia
Genus Woodsia Cliff-fern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) R.Br.
    Acrostichum ilvense L.
 Rusty cliff fern,
Rusty woodsia
Woodsie de l'île d'Elbe 		Native,
Secure,
DEC-D[1]

NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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Wikispecies
 (Spreng.) Torrey
ssp. obtusa
 Bluntlobe cliff fern,
Blunt-lobe woodsia 		Native,
Secure,
DEC-D[1]

NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 (Bolt.) S.Gray
    Acrostichum alpinum
    W. alpinavar. bellii
    W. glabellavar. bellii
 Alpine cliff fern,
Alpine woodsia,
Northern woodsia
Woodsie alpine 		Native,
Endangered,
DEC-A[2]

NYFA: 1
USDA-NN
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R.Br. ex Richardson (1823)
    W. alpinavar. glabella
    W. hyperboreavar. glabella
 Smooth cliff fern,
Smooth woodsia
Woodsie glabre 		Native,
Endangered,
DEC-A[2]

NYFA: 1
USDA-NN
glabella/ Go Botany
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Images
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 D.C.Eaton (1865)
ssp. cathcartiana
1908. W. cathcartiana B.L.Rob.
    W. oreganavar. cathcartiana
 Oregon cliff fern,
Oregon woodsia,
(tetraploid) 		Native,
Likely extirpated

NYFA: Z
USDA-NN
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  1. ↑ a b New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.
  2. ↑ a b New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.

Family Athyriaceae

The Athyriaceae (lady-ferns)...

Athyrium

Athyrium angustum
According to Plants of the World,[1] Athyrium angustum is now considered to be a variety of Athyrium asplenioides.[2]
  1. ↑ Plants of the World (2021). Athyrium asplenioides var. angustum. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, referencing Roskov Y. & al. (eds.) (2018). World Ferns: Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands.
  2. ↑ Hassler, Michael (2021). Athyrium Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 3: 58 (1790). World Ferns. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Version 12.5; last update October 14th, 2021. - www.worldplants.de/ferns/.
Polypodiales — Aspleniaceae — Athyrioideae — Athyrium
Genus Athyrium Roth Lady-fern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Willd.) C.Presl
1810. Aspidium angustum Willd.
1825. Athyrium angustum (Willd.) C.Presl
1860. Athyrium asplenioides  var. angustum  (Willd.) T.Moore
1864. Athyrium filix-femina  var. angustum  G.Lawson
1949. Athyrium filix-femina  ssp. angustum  R.T.Clausen
Northern lady fern ⓘ
Common lady fern
Narrow lady fern
Subarctic lady fern
Northeastern ladyfern ⓘ
Native, CoC: 5,
Secure,
DEC-D[1]

NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 (Michx.) A.A.Eaton
1803. Nephrodium asplenioides Michx.
1817. Athyrium asplenioides (Michx.) A.A.Eaton.
1923. Athyrium filix-femina  var. asplenioides  Farw,
1962. Athyrium filix-femina  ssp. asplenioides  Hultén
 Southern lady fern,
Lowland lady fern 		Native, CoC: 7,
Vulnerable,
DEC-D[1]

NYFA: 3
USDA-N0
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Genus Athyrium (excluded taxa) Lady-fern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Roth ex Mert.
 Lady fern,
Hybrid of
 Northern lady fern &
 Southern lady fern 		Native,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
(Mett.) Hance
1865. Asplenium nipponicum Mett.
1873. Athyrium nipponicum (Mett.) Hance
2011. Anisocampium niponicum
Yea C.Liu, W.L.Chiou & M.Kato (Mett.)
[2]
 Japanese painted lady fern,
Japanese painted fern 		Introduced from
 eastern Asia,
No specimens

NYFA: 0
Go Botany
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  1. ↑ a b New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.
  2. ↑ [ Liu & al. (2011) "Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the fern genus Anisocampium (Athyriaceae)". TAXON 60 (3), June 2011: 824–830.]

Deparia

Deparia acrostichoides
silvery spleenwort
Polypodiales — Aspleniaceae — Athyrioideae — Deparia
Genus Deparia False-spleenwort N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Sw.) M.Kato
    Athyrium thelypterioides
    Diplazium acrostichoides
 Silvery spleenwort,
Silver false spleenwort,
Silvery glade fern 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure,
DEC-D[1]

NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.

Family Onocleaceae

Family Onocleaceae

Onoclea

The sensitive fern, so called due to its sensitivity to frost, is very common in areas that are wet for part of the year.

Polypodiales — Aspleniaceae — Blechnoideae — Onoclea
Genus Onoclea Sensitive fern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Onoclea sensibilis L.
    
    
 Sensitive fern,
Bead fern,
Polypod brake,
Meadow brake
Onoclée sensible 		Native, CoC: 2,
Secure
FACW
Perennial,
Fern

NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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Matteuccia

With the transfer of Onoclea (above) to Blechnoideae, Christenhusz & Chase (2014) recommended that Matteuccia be moved back to Onoclea.
Polypodiales — Aspleniaceae — Blechnoideae — Matteuccia
Genus Matteuccia Ostrich fern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Tod.
var. pensylvanica (Willd.) C.V.Morton
1810. Struthiopteris pensylvanica Willd.
1819. Onoclea pensylvanica Sm.
1945. Pteretis pensylvanica Fernald
1950. Matteuccia pensylvanica Raymond
1950. Matteuccia struthiopteris
var. pensylvanica C.V.Morton
1961. Onoclea struthiopteris
var. pensylvanica B.Boivin
 Ostrich fern,
Shuttlecock fern,
Fiddlehead fern
Fougère à l'autruche 		Native, CoC: 5,
Likely secure,
DEC-D[1]
FACW-FAC
Perennial,
Herb-fern

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
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Genus Matteuccia (excluded taxa) Ostrich fern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Tod.
var. struthiopteris
1753. Osmunda struthiopteris L.
1866. Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod.
    
    
 Ostrich fern,
Fougère à l'autruche 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
USDA-NN
Go Botany
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  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.

Family Blechnaceae

Family Blechnaceae

Subfamily Woodwardioideae

Anchistea
Polypodiales — Blechnaceae — Woodwardioideae — Anchistea
Genus Anchistea Chainfern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) C. Presl
1771. Blechnum virginicum L.
1793. Woodwardia virginica (L.) Sm.
1851. Anchistea virginica (L.) C. Presl
 Virginia chainfern Native, CoC: 9,
Secure,
DEC-D[1]
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-fern

NYFA: 5
USDA-N
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  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.
Lorinseria
Polypodiales — Blechnaceae — Woodwardioideae — Lorinseria
Genus Lorinseria Chainfern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) C. Presl
1753. Acrostichum areolatum L.
1851. Lorinseria areolata (L.) C. Presl
1857. Woodwardia areolata (L.) T. Moore
 Netted chainfern Native, CoC: 10,
Vulnerable,
DEC-D[1]
OBL-FACW
Perennial,
Herb-fern

NYFA: 3
USDA-N
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.

Suborder Polypodiineae

Suborder Polypodiineae Dumort. (1829)

Family Dryopteridaceae

Family Dryopteridaceae Herter. (1949)

Subfamily Dryopteridoideae

Subfamily Dryopteridoideae Link (1841)

Cyrtomium
Polypodiales — Dryopteridaceae — Dryopteridoideae — Cyrtomium
Genus Cyrtomium (excluded taxa) Netvein-hollyfern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.f.) C.Presl
1782. Polypodium falcatum L.f.
1783. Polypodium japonicum Houtt.
1801. Aspidium falcatum (L.f.) Sw.
1836. Cyrtomium falcatum (L.f.) C. Presl
1891. Dryopteris falcata (L.f.) Kuntze
1899. Polystichum falcatum (L.f.) Diels
1947. Phanerophlebia falcata (L.f.) Copel.
 Japanese holly fern,
Japanese netvein hollyfern 		Introduced from
 Asia,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
USDA-X
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
Dryopteris
Most Dryopteris (wood fern) species are characterized by sori located near the mid leaf vein. Dryopteris hybrids are very common.
Dryopteris diploid species
Diploid wood fern species have 2n = 82 chromosmes (twice the Dryopteris base chromosome number of n = 41). D. intermedia and D. Goldiana have been shown to be part of a North American "reticulate complex", in which, along with three other Dryopteris species, they are parents to most of the allopolyploid Dryopteris species shown below.[1][2]
  1. ↑ Emily B. Sessa, Elizabeth A. Zimmer and Thomas J. Givnish (2012). "Unraveling reticulate evolution in North American Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae)." BioMed Central Evolutionary Biology 2012, 12:104 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-104
  2. ↑ Emily B. Sessa, Elizabeth A. Zimmer and Thomas J. Givnish (2012). "Reticulate evolution on a global scale: A nuclear phylogeny for New World Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Volume 64, Issue 3, September 2012, Pages 563–581.
Polypodiales — Polypodiaceae — Dryopteridoideae — Dryopteris
Genus Dryopteris (diploid) Wood fern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) A.Gray
1753. Polypodium marginale L.
1848. Dryopteris marginalis A.Gray
 Marginal wood fern Native,
Secure,
DEC-D[1]
Perennial,
Herb-fern,
Anemochore,
2n = 82

NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 (Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray
1810. Aspidium intermedium Muhl. ex Willd.
1920. Thelypteris intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) House(?)
1825. Nephrodium intermedium (Muhl. ex Willd.) C. Presl
1848. Dryopteris intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray
1893. D. spinulosa  var. intermedia  (Muhl. ex Willd.) Underw.
1950. D. austriaca  var. intermedia  (Muhl. ex Willd.) C.V.Morton
 Evergreen woodfern,
Fancy wood fern,
Common wood fern 		Native,
Secure,
DEC-D[1]
Perennial,
Herb-fern,
Anemochore,
2n = 82

NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 (Hook. ex Goldie) A.Gray
1822. Aspidium goldieanum Hook. ex Goldie
1848. Dryopteris goldieana A.Gray
1910. Thelypteris goldieana Nieuwl.
1916. Filix goldiana Farw.
1931. Filix-mas goldiana Farw.
 Goldie's woodfern,
Goldie's shield fern,
Giant woodfern
Dryoptère de Goldie,
Dryoptéride de Goldie,
Dryoptéris géant 		Native,
Likely secure,
DEC-D[1]
Perennial,
Herb-fern,
Anemochore,
2n = 82

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
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ARS-GRIN
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FNA
Tropicos
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IPN
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Wikispecies
 (L.) Schott
 Fragrant cliff wood-fern,
Fragrant woodfern 		Native,
Endangered,
DEC-A[2]
Perennial,
Herb-fern,
Anemochore,
2n = 82

NYFA: 1
USDA-NN
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  1. ↑ a b c New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.
  2. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
Dryopteris allopolyploid species
These are fertile species of hybrid origin. Most are allotetraploid, derived from diploid Dryopteris parents, including two of the New York diploid species, D. intermedia and D. goldiana, shown above. The other diploid parents, D. expansa and D. ludoviciana, are North American, but not New York natives. A fifth, likely extinct, diploid parent "D. semicristata" has been hypothesized to form the well-supported model used here. The species Dryopteris clintoniana is allohexaploid, resulting from the diploid D. goldiana (above) and the allotetraploid D. Cristata, below. The parentage of the introduced non-NY-native, Dryopteris filix-mas has not been resolved, but it is probably not part of the same North American "reticulate complex" as the rest.[1]
  1. ↑ Emily B. Sessa, Elizabeth A. Zimmer and Thomas J. Givnish (2012). "Unraveling reticulate evolution in North American Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae)." BioMed Central Evolutionary Biology 2012, 12:104 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-104
Polypodiales — Polypodiaceae — Dryopteridoideae — Dryopteris
Genus Dryopteris (allopolyploid) Woodfern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) A.Gray
  ♀ Dryopteris "semicristata" (SS) ×
  ♂ Dryopteris ludoviciana (LL) → SSLL
1753. Polypodium cristatum L.
1848. Dryopteris cristata A.Gray
 Crested shield-fern,
Crested woodfern 		Native,
Secure,
DEC-D[1],
2n = 164

NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 (Vill.) H.P.Fuchs
  ♀ Dryopteris "semicristata" (SS) ×
  ♂ Dryopteris intermedia (II) → SSII
1777.  Polypodium spinulosum O.F.Muell.
1786.  Polypodium carthusianum  Vill. in…
1867.  Dryopteris spinulosa Watt
1959.  Dryopteris carthusiana  (Vill.) H.P.Fuchs in…
 Spinulose shield fern,
Spinulose wood fern,
Toothed wood fern,
Narrow buckler fern
Dryoptère spinuleuse 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure,
DEC-D[1],
S5, G5
FACW-FAC
Perennial,
Fern,
2n = 164

NYFA: 5
USDA-N
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 (D.C.Eaton) Dowell
  ♀ Dryopteris cristata (SSLL) ×
  ♂ Dryopteris goldiana (GG) → SSLLGG
1867.  Aspidium cristatum  var. clintonianum  D.C.Eaton  in…
1893.  Dryopteris cristata  var. clintoniana  (D.C.Eaton) Underw.  in…
1906.  Dryopteris clintoniana  (D.C.Eaton) Dowell in…
1916.  Filix cristata  var. clintoniana  (D.C.Eaton) Farw.  in…
1919.  Thelypteris cristata  var. clintoniana  (D.C.Eaton) Weath.  in…
1922.  Thelypteris clintoniana  (D.C.Eaton) House in…
1931.  Filix-mas cristata  var. clintoniana  (D.C.Eaton) Farw.  in…
1960.  Dryopteris poyseri  Wherry in…
 Clinton's wood fern
Dryoptère de clinton 		Native,
Secure,
DEC-D[1],
2n = 246

NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 (Kunze) Clarkson
  ♀ Dryopteris intermedia (II) ×
  ♂ Dryopteris expansa (EE) → IIEE
1848.  Aspidium campylopterum  Kunze
1915.  Dryopteris austriaca  Woyn. ex Schinz & Thell.
1915.  Dryopteris spinulosa  var. americana  Fernald
1916.  Dryopteris dilatata  var. americana  Benedict
1920.  Thelypteris dilatata  (Hoffm.) House
1930.  Dryopteris campyloptera  Clarkson
 Mountain woodfern,
Spreading wood fern,
Eastern spreading wood fern
Dryoptère arquée 		Native,
Likely secure,
DEC-D[1],
2n = 164

NYFA: 4
USDA-N
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 (W.Palmer) Knowlt., Palmer & Pollard ex Small
  ♀ Dryopteris ludoviciana (LL) ×
  ♂ Dryopteris goldiana (GG) → LLGG
1899. Dryopteris goldiana  ssp. celsa  W.Palmer
1900. Dryopteris celsa Knowlt. &al.
1938. Dryopteris atropalustris Small
1960. Dryopteris wherryi Crane
 Log fern Native,
Endangered,
DEC-A[2],
2n = 164

NYFA: 1
USDA-N
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Dryopteris (excluded) Woodfern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Schott
1753. Polypodium filix-mas L.
1801. Nephrodium filix-mas Rich.
1834. Dryopteris filix-mas Schott
 Male fern,
Male wood-fern 		N. America native,
N.Y. excluded,
2n = 164

NYFA-Excluded
USDA-NN
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  1. ↑ a b c d New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.
  2. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
Dryopteris named hybrids
Polypodiales — Polypodiaceae — Dryopteridoideae — Dryopteris subsect. named hybrids
Genus Dryopteris Woodfern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Tuck.) Underw.
  Dryopteris cristata (SSLL) ×
  Dryopteris intermedia (II) → ILS
1843. Aspidium boottii Tuck.
1893. Dryopteris boottii (Tuck.) Underw.
1910. Thelypteris boottii (Tuck.) Nieuwl.
 Boott's wood fern,
Glandular swamp fern 		Native,
Vulnerable

NYFA: 3-5
USDA-NN
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ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
 Wherry
  Dryopteris carthusiana (IISS) ×
  Dryopteris intermedia (II) → IIS
1930. D. spinulosavar. fructuosa Trudell
1950. D. austriacavar. fructuosa C.V.Morton
1958. D. intermediavar. fructuosa Wherry
1960. Dryopteris × triploidea Wherry
 Triploid woodfern Native,
Vulnerable

NYFA: 3
USDA-NN
ITIS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 (A.Braun ex Döll) Kuntze ex Druce
  Dryopteris carthusiana (IISS) ×
  Dryopteris cristata (SSLL) → ILSS
1843.  Aspidium spinulosum  var. uliginosum  A.Braun ex Döll  in…
1850.  Lastrea spinulosa  var. uliginosa  (A.Braun ex Döll) H.C.Watson & Dennes  in…
1872.  Lastrea cristata  ssp. uliginosa  (A.Braun ex Döll) Hayw.  in…
1908.  Dryopteris × uliginosa  (A.Braun ex Döll) Druce in…
1884.  Aspidium cristatum  ssp. uliginosum  (A.Braun ex Döll) Nyman  in…
 Spinulose crested wood fern,
Braun's wood fern 		Native,
Vulnerable

NYFA: 3
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
 Wherry ex Lellinger
  Dryopteris cristata (SSLL) ×
  Dryopteris marginalis (MM) → LMS
1894. Dryopteris cristata × marginalis  Davenport
1894. Aspidium cristatum × marginale  Davenport
1904. Nephrodium slossonae  Hahne
1942. Dryopteris × slossonae  Wherry
 Crested marginal fern,
Miss Slosson's wood fern 		Native,
Threatened

NYFA: 1-3
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
 Slossen
  Dryopteris carthusiana (IISS) ×
  Dryopteris marginalis (MM) → IMS
1904. Dryopteris pittsfordensis Sloss.
1904. Nephrodium pittsfordensis Woolson
 Pittsford's wood fern Native,
Endangered

NYFA: 1
USDA-NN
ITIS
Tropicos
IPN
Images
Wikispecies
 Boivin
  Dryopteris clintoniana (SSLLGG) ×
  Dryopteris marginalis (MM) → GLMS
 Burgess' shield fern Native,
No recent reports

NYFA: Z?
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
 (Farw.) Wherry
  Dryopteris carthusiana (IISS) ×
  Dryopteris clintoniana (SSLLGG) → GILSS
 Benedict's wood fern Native,
No recent reports

NYFA: Z?
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
 (Farw.) Wherry
  Dryopteris clintoniana (SSLLGG) ×
  Dryopteris intermedia (II) → GILS
 Dowell's wood fern Native,
No recent reports

NYFA: Z
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
  Dryopteris clintoniana (SSLLGG) ×
  Dryopteris goldiana (GG) → GGLS
 Wood fern Native,
Likely extirpated

NYFA: Z
USDA-N
Images
Wikispecies
 W.H.Wagner
  Dryopteris goldiana (GG) ×
  Dryopteris marginalis (MM) → GM
 Wood fern Native,
No recent reports

NYFA: Z
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
 Small (pro sp.)
  Dryopteris celsa (LLGG) ×
  Dryopteris intermedia (II) → GIL
 Glandular log fern Native,
No recent reports

NYFA: Z
USDA-N0
Images
Wikispecies
 W.H.Wagner
  Dryopteris carthusiana (IISS) ×
  Dryopteris goldiana (GG) → GIS
 Correll's wood fern,
Poyser's wood fern 		Native,
No recent reports

NYFA: ?
USDA-N0
Images
Wikispecies
 Wherry
  Dryopteris celsa (LLGG) ×
  Dryopteris marginalis (MM) → GLM
 Leeds' wood fern Native,
No recent reports

NYFA: Z
USDA-N0
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Dryopteris unnamed hybrids
Polypodiales — Polypodiaceae — Dryopteridoideae — Dryopteris subsect. unnamed hybrids
Genus Dryopteris Woodfern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Dryopteris filix-mas × marginalis
 Marginal male fern Native,
Threatened

NYFA: 1-3
Images
Wikispecies
Dryopteris celsa × goldiana
  D. celsa (LLGG) ×
  D. goldiana (GG) → GGL
 Hybrid wood-fern Native,
No recent reports

NYFA: Z
Images
Wikispecies
Dryopteris intermedia × marginalis
  D. intermedia (II) ×
  D. marginalis (MM) → IM
 Glandular marginal fern Native,
No recent reports

NYFA: Z
Images
Wikispecies
Dryopteris celsa × cristata
  D. celsa (LLGG) ×
  D. cristata (SSLL) → GLLS
 Hybrid wood-fern Native,
No recent reports

NYFA: Z
Images
Wikispecies
Dryopteris carthusiana × celsa
  D. carthusiana (IISS) ×
  D. celsa (LLGG) → IGLS
 Spinulose wood fern Native,
No recent reports

NYFA: Z
Images
Wikispecies
Dryopteris goldiana × intermedia
  D. goldiana (GG) ×
  D. intermedia (II) → GI
 Wood fern Native,
No recent reports

NYFA: Z
Images
Wikispecies
Dryopteris cristata × goldiana
  D. cristata (SSLL) ×
  D. goldiana (GG) → GLS
 Benedict's wood fern Native,
Unranked

NYFA: U
Images
Wikispecies
Polystichum
Polystichum acrostichoides
Christmas fern
Polystichum Roth (1799) goes by the English vernacular names Christmas fern, holy fern, and sword fern.
Polypodiales — Polypodiaceae — Dryopteridoideae — Polystichum
Genus Polystichum Hollyfern N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Michx.) Schott
1803. Nephrodium acrostichoides Michx.
1834. Polystichum acrostichoides
(Michx.) Schott
 Christmas fern,
Dagger fern
Polystic faux-acrostiche 		Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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FNA
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 (Spenner) Fée
1825. Aspidium braunii Spenner
1852. Polystichum braunii Fée
 Braun's holly-fern Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
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 Barrington
[ P. acrostichoides × P. braunii ]
1986. Polystichum × potteri Barrington
 Hybrid Christmas fern
  & Braun's holly-fern 		Native,
Unranked

NYFA: U
USDA-NN
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 (L.) Roth
1753. Polypodium lonchitis L.
1800. Polystichum lonchitis Roth
1801. Aspidium lonchitis Sw.
1924. Polystichum mohrioidesvar. lemmonii
 Northern holly-fern
Polystic faux-lonchitis 		Native,
Endangered

NYFA: Z
USDA-NN
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 Cody
  Polystichum acrostichoides ×
  Polystichum lonchitis
1924. P. lonchitisfo. marginale McColl
1966. P. marginale (McColl) Cody
1968. P. × hagenahii Cody
 Hagenah's holly fern,
Hagenah's polystichum,
Hybrid Christmas fern
  & northern holly-fern
Polystic de Hagenah 		Native,
Unranked,
Questionable[1]

USDA-NN
ITIS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ Flora of North America states that the rare hybrid Polystichum × hagenahii has only been found growing with both parents in Ontario. NYFA does not list it, but USDA-PLANTS does show it in NY as well as PA, listing the NY source: Lellinger, D.B. (1985) A field manual of the ferns and fern-allies of the U.S. and Canada, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.

Family Polypodiaceae

Subfamily Polypodioideae

Polypodium
Polypodium virginianum
Polypodiales — Polypodiaceae — Polypodioideae — Polypodium
Genus Polypodium Polypody N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Polypodium virginianum L.
1818. P. vulgarevar. virginianum Eaton
1840. P. vulgarevar. americanum Hook.
1962. P. vulgaressp. virginianum Hultén
1977. P. vinlandicum Á. Löve & D. Löve
 Rock polypody,
Rock-cap fern,
Common polypody
Tripes-de-roches,
Polypode de virginie 		Native,
Secure,
DEC-D[1]

NYFA: 5
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Haufler & Windham
1900. P. vulgarevar. oreophilum Maxon
1902. P. vulgarevar. acuminatum Gilbert
1922. P. virginianumfo. acuminatum Fernald
1991. P. appalachianum Haufler & Windham
 Appalachian rockcap fern,
Appalachian polypody,
Appalachian rock polypody
Polypode des Appalaches 		Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5
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 Cusick
  Polypodium appalachianum ×
  Polypodium virginianum
2002. Polypodium × incognitum Cusick
Disguised rock polypody ⓘ
Disguised polypody ⓘ
Hybrid polypody ⓘ
Native,
Unranked
Clinton (1995),
Cortland (1891)
NYFA: SNR
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  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.
Pleopeltis
Pleopeltis polypodioides
resurrection fern
Pleopeltis polypodioides (resurrection fern) has been excluded from the New York Flora Atlas.[1] The most northern US iNaturalist observations of Pleopeltis polypodioides are in Key Largo in southern Florida.[2] However Pleopeltis michauxiana, which has recently been split from P. polypodioides, has a coastal range as far north as southern Delaware.
  1. ↑ USDA-NRCS-PLANTS includes New York in the range of Pleopeltis polypodioides ssp. michauxiana, but the reference for this (House, H.D. 1924. Annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of New York State. New York State Museum Bulletin No. 254) mentions only that the "gray polypody, or tree fern (Polypodium polypodioides) (L.) Watt, has been found on driftwoud on the Staten Island shore, although its natural range is from Virginia southward."
  2. ↑ Pleopeltis polypodioides (Tropical Resurrection Fern) iNaturalist species page.
Polypodiales — Polypodiaceae — Polypodioideae — Pleopeltis
Genus Pleopeltis (excluded taxa) Scaly-polypody N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) E.G.Andrews & Windham
var. michauxiana (Weath.) E.G.Andrews & Windham
1939. Polypodium polypodioides  var. michauxianum  Weath.
1993. Pleopeltis polypodioides  var. michauxiana   in…
2014. Pleopeltis michauxiana (Weath.) Hickey & Sprunt
 Resurrection fern,
Gray's polypody 		N. America native,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
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ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
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