View source for User:Palaeovia

{{User:Palaeovia/Portal}}
{{userpage}}

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{{User:Scepia/bibliophile}}
{{User:UBX/British Empire}}
{{User:UBX/Enjoys philosophy}}
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| style="font-size: 8pt; padding: 4pt; line-height: 1.25em; color: {{{info-fc|white}}};" | {{{4|This user understands '''[[Mathematical logic]]'''}}}
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| style="font-size: 8pt; padding: 4pt; line-height: 1.25em; color: black;" | {{{4|This user studied '''[[Galois theory]]'''.}}}[[Category:Wikipedians interested in mathematics|{{PAGENAME}}]]
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{{User:UBX/INTP}} 
{{User:UBX/-MBTI}}
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| style="font-size: 8pt; padding: 4pt; line-height: 1.25em; color: black;" | {{{4|This user thinks [[BBC Radio 4]] is a pinnacle of culture.}}}
|}</div> 
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==[[Academia]] *==

*[[List of academic disciplines]][http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_academic_disciplines&oldid=122175812]
*[[List of fields of doctoral studies]][http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_fields_of_doctoral_studies&oldid=126825321]

*[[:Category:Academia]]
*[[User:Palaeovia/Academia|''Main academia'']]

===Britannica===

*[[Propedia]] of [[Encyclopedia Britannica]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prop%C3%A6dia&oldid=121175626#Part_One._Matter_and_Energy]
*[[List_of_2007_Macrop%C3%A6dia_articles]]，[[List_of_1974_Macrop%C3%A6dia_articles]]
*[[Wikipedia:List of 2007 Macropædia articles]]
*[[User:Palaeovia/Macropedia|''Main Macropedia'']] 
*[http://26.1911encyclopedia.org/ 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica]
*[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/1911 verification]]
*[[Mortimer J. Adler]]

===[[Wikipedia]]===
*[[Wikipedia]] — the largest encyclopedia in the world, launched on [[January 15]], [[2001]] ([[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Day]]), with {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles, {{NUMBEROFPAGES}} pages, {{NUMBEROFEDITS}} edits, {{NUMBEROFUSERS}} registered users in English alone. ({{REVISIONID}})
*[[Wikipedia:Core topics - 1,000]]
*[[Wikipedia:Core topics, inner levels]]
*[[Wikipedia:Core culture and society topics]]
*[[Wikipedia:Core_biographies]]
*[[Wikipedia:Vital articles]]
*[[Wikipedia:List of encyclopedia topics]]
*[[:simple:Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have]] 
**[[m:List of articles all languages should have]] - duplicate at meta
**[[Wikipedia:Vital articles/Expanded]] - duplicate at Wikipedia
**[[Wikipedia:Vital articles]] (an edited copy with images noting GAs and FAs, and bold noting those with cleanup tags)
*[[Wikipedia:List of encyclopedia topics]]
*[[List of basic topic lists]]
*[[List of overview articles]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_basic_topic_lists&oldid=289604 The original version] was [[Larry Sanger]]'s idea of core topics, worth a look!
*[[Wikipedia:Concise]] (longest of these lists)
*[[Wikipedia:Most referenced articles]]
*[[Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Core topics]]
*[[User:Danny/100 most important articles]]
*[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/List of notable books/1]]

*[[folksonomy]], ''[[Everything is Miscellaneous: The Power of the New Digital Disorder]]''

===''Online encyclopedias''===
*[http://www.citizendium.org Citizendium] — a [[Citizendium|"new compendium of knowledge"]],  launched by [[Wikipedia]] co-founder [[Larry Sanger]] in [[March]], [[2007]] , based on the contributions of "educated, thinking people who read about science or ideas regularly,"<ref name=Sangeressay>Larry Sanger. [http://www.citizendium.org/essay.html "Toward a New Compendium of Knowledge (longer version)"], Citizendium.</ref> and striving for accuracy.

*[[List of online encyclopedias]]
* [[List of online databases]]
* [[List of online dictionaries]]

===[[Noosphere]] *===

*[[List of unsolved problems]]
*[[Human Accomplishment]], [[Charles Murray]]'s lists
*[[The 2005 Global Intellectuals Poll]]
*[[User:Palaeovia/Noosphere|''Main noosphere'']]
====''Tools''====
[http://tools.wikimedia.de/~interiot/cgi-bin/Tool1/wannabe_kate?username=palaeovia&site=en.wikipedia.org  stat]
{{Schock Prize laureates}}

==Mathematics  *==

{{Millennium Problems}}

*[[Timeline of mathematics]]
*[[Lists of mathematics topics]]
*[http://www.math-atlas.org/ The Mathematical Atlas]
*[[User:Palaeovia/Mathematics|''Main Mathematics'']]
{{Mathematics-footer}}

===''Mathematical Logic''===

[[List_of_first-order_theories]],
[[Peano axioms#Existence and uniqueness]]

[[Peano_arithmetic#Nonstandard_models]]

[[Axiomatic system]], [[arithmetic set]], [[finitary]]

[[Gentzen's consistency proof]] 

[[First-order logic]], [[Second-order logic]], [[Higher-order logics]]

[[First-order arithmetic]], [[Second-order arithmetic]], [[Primitive recursive arithmetic]]

[[Primitive recursive function]], [[recursive function]], [[computable function]]

[[Proof_sketch_for_G%C3%B6del%27s_first_incompleteness_theorem]], [[G%C3%B6del%27s_first_incompleteness_theorem]]

[[List of mathematical logic topics]]

*[[Foundation of mathematics]], [[Philosophy of mathematics]]
*[[Paraconsistent logic]]
*[[Computability logic]]

===''[[Mathematicians]]''===

*[[Saunders Mac Lane]]
*[[Paul Erdos]]
*[[Paul Halmos]]
*[[List of famous people trained in mathematics]]

==[[Philosophy]]==

{{Philosophy topics}}

*[http://www.iep.utm.edu/] ''[[Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]''
*[http://plato.stanford.edu/] ''[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]''
*[http://www.rep.routledge.com/] ''[[Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]''
*[[Saul Kripke]]
*[[Slavoj Žižek]]
*[[Free will]]
*[[Philosophical Gourmet Report]]

{{Ethics}}
{| class="toccolours" align=right
|+'''[[Philosopher]]s by [[century]]'''
|-align=right
| &nbsp; || •
|[[:Category:1st century philosophers|1st]] || •
|[[:Category:2nd century philosophers|2nd]] || •
|[[:Category:3rd century philosophers|3rd]] || •
|[[:Category:4th century philosophers|4th]] || •
|[[:Category:5th century philosophers|5th]] || •
|[[:Category:6th century philosophers|6th]] || •
|[[:Category:7th century philosophers|7th]] || •
|[[:Category:8th century philosophers|8th]] || •
|[[:Category:9th century philosophers|9th]]
|-align=right
|[[:Category:10th century philosophers|10th]] || •
|[[:Category:11th century philosophers|11th]] || •
|[[:Category:12th century philosophers|12th]] || •
|[[:Category:13th century philosophers|13th]] || •
|[[:Category:14th century philosophers|14th]] || •
|[[:Category:15th century philosophers|15th]] || •
|[[:Category:16th century philosophers|16th]] || •
|[[:Category:17th century philosophers|17th]] || •
|[[:Category:18th century philosophers|18th]] || •
|[[:Category:19th century philosophers|19th]]
|-align=right
|[[:Category:20th century philosophers|20th]] || •
|[[:Category:21st century philosophers|21st]]
|}
{{portalpar|Philosophy}}

==[[Religions]] *==

[[User:Palaeovia/sinology|''Main Sinology'']]

==Cultures and [[Civilizations]]==
* [[List of cities by GDP]]

* [[Anglosphere]]

* [[Cultural region]]s
** [[Sprachraum]]s, [[Sprachbund]]s
*** [[Anglo-America]]
*** [[Arab world]]
*** [[Francophonie]]
*** [[Indosphere]]
*** [[Latin Union]]
***[[East Asian languages]]
*** [[Malay world]]
*** [[Sinosphere]]
** [[Western World]]
** [[White Commonwealth]]
*[[New Seven Wonders of the World]]

*[[:category:Cultural geography]]
*[[Clash of civilizations]]

{{Easternculture}}

{{Asia topic|Languages of}}
{{Asia topic|Ethnic groups in}}


=== List of civilizations ===

The following table lists the 23 civilizations identified by [[Arnold Toynbee]] in [[A Study of History]].  This table does not include what Toynbee terms primitive societies, arrested civilizations, or abortive civilizations.  Civilizations are shown in '''boldface'''.  Toynbee's "Universal Churches" are written in ''italic'' and are chronologically located between second- and third- generation civilizations, as is described in volume VII.

{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
|-valign="top"
|width="25%" style="background:#ffcd9c;" |'''1st Generation'''
|width="25%" style="background:#ffcd9c;" |'''2nd Generation'''
|width="25%" style="background:#ffcd9c;" |'''Universal Church'''
|width="25%" style="background:#ffcd9c;" |'''3rd Generation'''
 
|-valign="top"
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |[[Minoan Civilization|'''Minoan''']] 
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |[[Hellenistic civilization|'''Hellenic''']] ([[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]])
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |''[[Christianity|Christian]]''
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |[[Western civilization|'''Western''']]; [[Russia|'''Orthodox-Russian''']]; [[Byzantine Empire|'''Orthodox-Byzantine''']]
|-valign="top"
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |[[Shang Dynasty|'''Shang''']]
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |[[History of China|'''Sinic''']] (see also [[Han Dynasty]])
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |''[[Mahayana|Mahayana (Buddhism)]]''
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |[[China|'''Chinese''']]; [[Japan|'''Japanese''']]-[[Korea|'''Korean''']] ("Far Eastern")
|-valign="top"
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |[[Indus Valley Civilization|'''Indus''']]
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |[[History of India|'''Indic''']]
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |''[[Hinduism]]''
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |[[India|'''Hindu''']]
|-valign="top"
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |[[Canaan|Syriac Society]]
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |[[Persia|'''Iranic''']];  [[Pre-Islamic Arabia|'''Arabic''']]
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |''[[Islam]]''
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |[[Muslim world|'''Islamic''']]
|-valign="top"
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" colspan="2" align="center" |[[Ancient Egypt|'''Egyptiac''']]
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |-  
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |-
|-valign="top"
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |[[Sumer|'''Sumeric''']]
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |[[Hittites|'''Hittite''']]; [[Babylonia|'''Babylonian''']]
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |- 
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |- 
|-valign="top"
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" colspan="2" align="center" |[[Inca|'''Andean''']]; [[Maya civilization|'''Mayan''']]; [[History of Mesoamerica|'''Yucatec''']]; [[History of the Aztecs|'''Mexic''']]
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |- 
|bgcolor="#ffefbe" |-
|}

[[Image:Clash of Civilizations map2.png|1400px]]


[[World Values Survey]] [http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/statistics/some_findings.html]
===[[Anglosphere]]===
{{portalpar|England}}
*[[Anglophobia]]
*[[Anglo]]
*[[Anglosphere]]
*[[Anglo-Saxons]]
*[[West Briton]]
*[[Philhellenism]]
*[[Laconophile]]
*[[Germanophile]]
*[[Slavophile]]
*[[Francophile]]
*[[Scandophile]]

===[[United States]]===
[[Image:US states by date of statehood3.gif|right|700px]]


*[[List of regions of the United States]]
*[[Bible belt]]

==[[Linguistics]]==
* [[Language families (Ethnologue)]]
* [[List of language families]]
* [[List of language families by percentage of speakers in mankind]]
* [[List of languages by number of native speakers]]
* [[Ethnologue list of most spoken languages]]
* [[List of countries by English-speaking population]]
* [[List of countries where English is an official language]]
* [[Auxiliary language]]
* [[Constructed language]]
* [[Endangered language]]
* [[Extinct language]]
* [[ISO 639-5]]
* [[Proto-language (historical linguistics)|Proto-language]]
*[[Ethnologue]][http://www.ethnologue.com/]
*[[Engrish]]
*[[Internet slang]]
*[[leet]]

[[Image:SinoTibetanTree.svg|left|1200px]]
[[Image:languengl.gif|left|2000px]]


*[[Image:Malayo-Polynesian-en.svg|left|1200px]]
*[[Image:WritingSystemsoftheWorld2.png|1400px|left]]



==[[Physical Anthropology]]==

{{Historical definitions of race}}





[[File:Stoddard race map 1920.jpg|1200px|[[Eugenicist]] [[Lothrop Stoddard]] in his ''[[The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy]]'' (1920) mapped a "brown race" as native to [[North Africa]], the [[Horn of Africa]], the [[Near East]], [[Central Asia]], [[South Asia]] and [[Austronesia]]. Stoddard's "brown" is one of five "primary races", contrasting with "white", "black", "yellow" and "Amerindian".]]

[[File:Unlabeled Renatto Luschan Skin color map.png|1200px]]

{| border=0 cellspacing=2 cellpadding=0 width=800 style="font-size:smaller; clear:both;"
|+ style="font-size:larger;"| '''[[Hominini|Hominin]] species distributed through time'''
<span style="float:right;"><small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand">[{{fullurl:Human evolution/Species chart|action=edit}} edit]</small></span>
|-
|
<timeline>
ImageSize  = width:700 height:400
PlotArea   = left:20 right:70 bottom:20 top:0
AlignBars = justify

Colors =
  id:period1  value:rgb(1,1,0.7) # light pink
  id:period2  value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # light blue
  id:period3  value:rgb(0.7,1,0.7) # light green
  id:events  value:rgb(1,0.3,1) # light purple
  id:Miocene  value:rgb(1,0.8706,0) # 255/222/0
  id:Pliocene  value:rgb(0.9961,0.9216,0.6745) # 254/235/172
  id:Pleistocene  value:rgb(1,0.9216,0.3843) # 255/235/98
  id:Holocene  value:rgb(1,1,0.7020) # 255/255/179

Period      = from:0 till:7000000
TimeAxis    = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor  = unit:year increment:1000000 start:0
ScaleMinor  = unit:year increment:250000 start:0

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  bar:Timelines
  bar:buffer
  bar:Events
  bar:bar0
  bar:bar1
  bar:bar2
  bar:bar3
  bar:bar4
  bar:bar5
  bar:bar6
  bar:bar7
  bar:bar8
  bar:bar9
  bar:bar10
  bar:bar11
  bar:bar12
  bar:bar13
  bar:bar14
  bar:bar15
  bar:bar16
  bar:bar17
  bar:bar18
  bar:bar19
  bar:bar20
  bar:bar21
  bar:bar22
  bar:bar23
  bar:bar24
  bar:bar25
  bar:bar26
  bar:bar27
  bar:bar28
  bar:bar29
  bar:bar30
  bar:bar31
  bar:bar32
  bar:bar33
  bar:bar35

PlotData=
  width:25  mark:(line,red)  textcolor:black

  bar:Timelines  align:right  shift:(-75,0)

  bar:Timelines  align:center  shift:none
  from:5332000  till:end  color:Miocene  text:[[Miocene]]
  from:1806000  till:5332000  color:Pliocene  text:[[Pliocene]]
  from:11500  till:1806000  color:Pleistocene  text:[[Pleistocene]]
#  from:0  till:11500  color:Holocene  align:left  text:[[Holocene]]

  bar:Events  color:events  align:right  shift:(-5,-10)
    at:5000000  text:"Split between humans and chimpanzees using molecular clock, about 5 Ma"

  width:7  mark:none  color:events  align:right  shift:(-5,-4)

  bar:bar2
    from:6000000  till:7000000
    at:6000000  text:[[Sahelanthropus tchadensis]]
  bar:bar4
    from:5800000  till:6100000
    at:5800000  text:Age of bones found in Kenya, about 6 Ma
    at:6100000  align:left  shift:(5,-4)  text:[[Orrorin tugenensis]]

  align:left  shift:(5,-4)

  bar:bar9
    from:5200000  till:5800000
    at:5800000  text:Ar. kadabba
  bar:bar11
    from:4200000  till:5400000
    at:5400000  text:Ar. ramidus

  bar:bar13
    from:3900000  till:4400000
    at:4400000  text:[[Australopithecus anamensis|A. anamensis]]
  bar:bar15
    from:3000000  till:3900000
    at:3900000  text:[[Australopithecus afarensis|A. afarensis]]
  bar:bar17
    from:3000000  till:3500000
    at:3500000  text:[[Australopithecus bahrelghazali|A. bahrelghazali]]
  bar:bar19
    from:2400000  till:3300000
    at:3300000  text:[[Australopithecus africanus|A. africanus]]
  bar:bar21
    from:2000000  till:3000000
    at:3000000  text:[[Australopithecus garhi|A. garhi]]
  bar:bar23
    from:1780000  till:1950000
    at:1950000  text:[[Australopithecus sediba|A. sediba]]

  bar:bar25
    from:1440000  till:2500000
    at:2500000  text:[[Homo habilis|H. habilis]]
 bar:bar27
    from:1900000 till:1400000
    at:1900000 text:[[Homo ergaster|H. ergaster]]
  bar:bar29
    from:300000  till:1700000
    at:1800000  text:[[Homo erectus|H. erectus]]
  
  bar:bar31
    from:250000  till:600000
    at:600000  text:[[Homo heidelbergensis|H. heidelbergensis]]
  bar:bar33
    from:29000  till:230000
    at:230000  text:[[Homo neanderthalensis|H. neanderthalensis]]
  bar:bar35
    from:0  till:200000
    at:200000  text:[[Homo sapiens|H. sapiens]]

  bar:bar10
    from:2500000  till:2700000
    at:2700000  text:[[Paranthropus aethiopicus|P. aethiopicus]]
  bar:bar8
    from:1400000  till:2600000
    at:2600000  text:[[Paranthropus boisei|P. boisei]]
  bar:bar6
    from:1200000  till:2000000
    at:2000000  text:[[Paranthropus robustus|P. robustus]]

  mark:none
  bar:bar4  at:1200000  text:[[Paranthropus|Genus Paranthropus]]
  bar:bar8  from:1165000  till:2735000  width:47  color:period1
  bar:bar8  from:1235000  till:2665000  width:37  color:white

  bar:bar7  at:4200000  text:[[Ardipithecus|Genus Ardipithecus]]
  bar:bar10  from:4165000  till:5835000  width:31  color:Pleistocene
  bar:bar10  from:4235000  till:5765000  width:21  color:white

  bar:bar23  at:4435000  text:[[Australopithecus|Genus Australopithecus]]
  bar:bar18  from:1745000  till:4435000  width:93  color:period2
  bar:bar18  from:1815000  till:4365000  width:83  color:white

  bar:bar35  at:2535000  text:[[Homo (genus)|Genus Homo]]
  bar:bar30  from:0  till:2535000  width:93  color:period3
  bar:bar30  from:50000  till:2465000  width:83  color:white

TextData =
  pos:(29,14)
  text:"Years"

</timeline>
|}
''Note: 1e+06 years = 1 × 10<sup>6</sup> years = 1 million years ago = 1 Ma''

==History==
[[Image:Alhambra2001.jpg|1100px]]
[[Image:The British Empire.png|1200px]]

[[Image:British Empire 1921.png|1200px]]
[[Image:British Empire evolution3.gif|1200px]]
[[Image:Colonisation2.gif|1200px]]

*[[British Empire]]
*[[Evolution of the British Empire]]


*[[list of timelines]]
*[[Geologic time scale]]
*[[Timeline of evolution]]
*[[History of the world]]
*[[Spengler's civilization model]] **
*[[The Decline of the West]] ([[Oswald Spengler]])
*[[A Study of History]] ([[Arnold J. Toynbee]])


*[[Synoptic table of the principal old world prehistoric cultures]]


===''History topics''===

*[[List of largest empires]]
*[[Historical powers]]
*[[Great powers]]
*[[Technological singularity]]
*[[Historiography]]
*[[Sons of Noah]]
*[[Cradle of Humanity]]
*[[Deluge (mythology)]]
*[[Development criticism]]
*[[Cliometrics]]
*[[Historiometry]]

*[[List of Roman Emperors]], [[Concise list of Roman Emperors]]
*[[List of popes]]

===''History by period''===
*[[Prehistoric man]]
*[[Ancient history]]
*[[Middle Ages]]
*[[Modern history]]
*[[40th century BC]]

===''History by region''===
*[[History of the world]]
* [[History of Africa]]
* [[History of the Americas]]
** [[History of North America]]
** [[History of Central America]]
** [[History of the Caribbean]]  
** [[History of South America]]
* [[History of Antarctica]]
* [[History of Australia]]
* [[History of New Zealand]]
* [[History of the Pacific Islands]] 
* [[History of Eurasia]]
** [[History of West Eurasia]]
*** [[History of Europe]]
** [[History of Asia]]
*** [[History of East Asia]]
*** [[History of the Middle East]]
*** [[History of South Asia]]
*** [[History of Southeast Asia]]
*[[List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom]]
*[[List of monarchs in the British Isles]]
* [http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/Britain.html Counties of England, Wales and Scotland prior to the 1974 Boundary Changes]
* [http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/Regions/England.html Administrative Areas of England - gives details of the 1974 changes]
* [[Counties of England]]

===''Historians''===
*[[List of historians]]
*[[A.L. Rowse]]
*[[Keith Feiling]]
*[[Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy]]
*[[Page Smith]]
*[[Michael Wood (historian)]]
*[[Fernand Braudel]], [[Annales School]]
*[[Jacques Barzun]]
*[[Daniel J. Boorstin]]
*[[John Roberts (historian)]] (J.M. Roberts)
*[[Norman Davies]]
*[[Geoffrey Blainey]]
*[[Hugh Thomas]]
*[[Peter Gay]]
*[[Keith Windshuttle]]
*[[History Wars]]
*[[David Cannadine]]
*[[Linda Colley]]

===''History books''===
*[[Bancroft Prize]]

{{Europe topics (small)}}
{{Periods of the History of Europe}}
{{History of Europe}}
{{History by continent}}

*[[Lists of countries]]
*[[List of time zones]]

[[Image:Timezones2008.png|820px|thumb|right|Standard time zones of the world as of June 2008.]]

==[[Evolution]], [[Human sciences]], [[Psychology]]==
[[Image:PPTParadigmShiftsFrr15Events.jpg|thumb|1200px|When plotted on a [[logarithmic scale|logarithmic graph]], 15 separate lists of [[paradigm shift]]s for key events in [[human history]] show an [[exponential growth|exponential]] trend. Lists prepared by, among others, [[Carl Sagan]], [[Paul D. Boyer]], [[Encyclopædia Britannica]], [[American Museum of Natural History]] and [[University of Arizona]], compiled by [[Ray Kurzweil]].]]
[[Timeline of human evolution]]
{{evolution}}
[[Image:Phylogenetic tree.svg|800px]]

*[[Kingdom (biology)]]
*[[Three-domain system]]
*[[Richard Dawkins]]
*[[Stephen Jay Gould]]
*[[Stephen Pinker]]
{{Jungian psychology}}
*[http://intp.org/intprofile.html INTP Profile]

{{human}}
* [[Actuarial Science]]
* [[American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine]]
* [[Biodemography]]
* [[Biodemography of human longevity]]
* [[Bristlecone pine]]
* [[Calorie restriction]]
* [[Centenarian|List of centenarians]]
* [[Immortality]]
* [[Indefinite lifespan]]
* [[Life extension]]
* [[List of long-living organisms]]
* [[Longevity]]
* [[Longevity claims]]
* [[Longevity myths]]
* [[Maximum life span]]
* [[Methuselah]]
* [[Oldest viable seed]]
* [[Reliability theory of aging and longevity]] 
* [[Resveratrol]]
* [[Senescence]] (aging)
* [[Engineered negligible senescence]]

{{Longevity}}
[[Image:Child_development_stages.svg|1200px]]

==Media==
*[[:Portal:BBC]]
*[[In Our Time (BBC Radio 4)]]
*[[List of BBC Radio 4 programmes]]
*[[BBC Radio 4]]
*[[Around the World in 80 Treasures]]
*[[This American Life]][http://www.thisamericanlife.org/Radio_Archive.aspx?year=2007]
*{{tl|British songs}}

===Magazines===

*[[The New Yorker]]

===Film===

*[[Werner Herzog]], b.{{birth date and age|1942|9|5}}
*[[Klaus Kinski]] ([[October 18]], [[1926]]{{spaced ndash}}[[November 23]], [[1991]]) (age {{age|1926|10|18|1991|11|23}})
*[[Peter Gallagher]], b.{{#ifeq:{{{df}}}|yes|[[19 {{MONTHNAME|08}}]]|[[{{MONTHNAME|08}} 19]]}} [[ 1955]]<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday"> 1955-{{padleft:08|2|0}}-{{padleft:19|2|0}}</span>)</span>{{selfref|1=<font class="noprint"> (age {{age |  1955 | 08 | 19 }})</font>|2=}}

==[[Computational complexity theory]] and [[Algorithms]]==
{{Millennium Problems}}

*[[List of important publications in computer science]]
*[[P = NP problem|Complexity classes P and NP]]
*[[List of algorithms]]
*[[Gödel Prize]]
*[http://qwiki.caltech.edu/wiki/Complexity_Zoo Complexity Zoo]

==[[Distributed computing]]==

*[[Concurrency (computer science)]]
*[[Concurrent computing]]

===''Problem definition''===
*[[Linearizability]]
*[[Mutual exclusion]]
*[[Room synchronization]]
*[[Concurrency control]]

===''Lock-based solutions''===
*[[Lock (software engineering)]]
*[[Deadlock]]
*[[Priority inversion]]
*[[Resource starvation]]

===''Lock-free solutions''===
*[[Lock-free and wait-free algorithms]]
*[[Non-blocking synchronization]]
*[[Software transactional memory]]

===''Fault tolerance''===
*[[Consensus (computer science)|Consensus]]

===''Misc''===
*[[Read-copy-update]]
*[[Memory barrier]]
*[[Pre-emptive multitasking]]
*[[Cryptography]]
**[[Taher Elgamal]] (born [[18 August]] [[1955]]), age {{age|1955|8|18}}, [[Egyptian American]] [[cryptographer]].

==Potential articles==

[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles]]

*Louis J. Halle
*Benjamin Hart (''Poisoned Ivy'')
*[http://www.nypl.org/research/chss/events/booklist.html NYPL's ''Books of the Century'']

==[[Wikipedia]]==
{{InPrint}}
*[[Meta:List of largest wikis]]
**[http://s23.org/wikistats/largest_html.php?th=9000&lines=500 largest Wikis]
*[[List of wikis]]
*[[Wikipedia:Size comparisons]]
*[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias List_of_Wikipedias]
*[[Special:Statistics]], [[Wikipedia:Statistics]], [[:Category:Wikipedia statistics]]
*[http://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediansEditsGt5.htm Wikipedians]
*[[Wikipedia:Good_articles]]
*[[Wikipedia:Unusual articles]]
*[[Wikipedia:Core topics - 1,000]]
*[[Wikipedia:Core culture and society topics]]
*[[Wikipedia:Core_biographies]]
*[[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]], [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion]]
*[[:Category:Wikipedia humor]]
* [http://tools.wikimedia.de/sixdeg/index.jsp Six degrees of Wikipedia]
* [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~daniel/WikiSense/Contributors.php Contributors (non-functioning)]
*[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia in academic studies]]
*[[Wikipedia:Researching Wikipedia]]
*[[Wikipedia:Evaluating Wikipedia as an encyclopedia]]
*[[Wikipedia:Errors in the Encyclopædia Britannica that have been corrected in Wikipedia]]


===Controversy===
*[[Wikipedia:Replies to common objections]]
*[[Wikipedia:Criticisms]]
*[[Criticism of Wikipedia]], [[Reliability of Wikipedia]]
*[[Wikipedia:Problems with Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia is failing]] 
* [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia may or may not be failing]] 
* [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not failing]] 
* [[Wikipedia:Expert retention]]
* [[Wikipedia:100,000 feature-quality articles]]
* [[Wikipedia:Evaluating Wikipedia as an encyclopedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Lamest edit wars]]

---------------------------------

*[[Wikipedia:Improve this article about Wikipedia]]
*[[Essjay controversy]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Essjay&oldid=112480415#Liar Essjay's User talk]
*[[User:Essjay/RFC]]
*[http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/07/31/060731fa_fact New Yorker article on Wikipedia, July 31, 2006]
*[[Seigenthaler controversy]]

===Sundry Wikis===

*[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias List_of_Wikipedias]
**[http://s23.org/wikistats/wikipedias_html.php?sort=good_desc updated source]
*[http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Simple English]
*[http://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5 维基文库] 
*[http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5 中文]
*[http://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E9%A6%96 文言]
*[http://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E7%89%88 粤语]
*[http://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E9%9D%A2 吴语]
*[http://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A2u-ia%CC%8Dh 闽南语]
*[http://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0u_Hi%C4%95h 闽东语]
*[http://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A8u-ch%C3%B4ng 客語]
*[http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/gan/ 赣语(incubated)]

*[http://wikitravel.org/en/Main_Page WikiTravel]
*[http://www.ancientlibrary.com/wcd/Main_Page Wiki Classical Dictionary]

===[[Shelfari]]===
*[http://www.shelfari.com Shelfari], [[social network]] for [[bibliophiles]]
*[http://shelfari.typepad.com Official Shelfari Blog]
*[[LibraryThing]] [http://www.librarything.com/zeitgeist]

===Subpages===

*[[Special:Prefixindex/User:Palaeovia]]
*[[/Academia]] 
*[[/Noosphere]]
*[[/sinology]]
*[[/Macropedia]]
*[[/Mathematics]]
*[[/Memorandum]]
*[[/100 books]] (Bibliography, [[Martin Seymour-Smith]])
*[[/Portal]] (template)
*[[/monobook.js]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Editing Wikipedia==
{{Diacritical marks|showhead=no}}
*[[Umlaut (diacritic)]]
*[[Wikipedia:Tools/Editing tools]]
*[[WP:BIAS]]
*[[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]]
*[[Wikipedia:Signatures]]
*[[Wikipedia:User page]]
*[[Wikipedia:Reference desk]]
*[[:Help:Magic words]]

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{{Wikimedia Foundation}}
{{Template:Wikipediahistory}}
{{Contents pages (footer box)}}
{{List resources}}
{{Wikipediholicism}}
{{User:UBX/Userboxes/Nav}}
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<!-- Template from Template:Welcomeg -->
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{| width="100%" style="background-color:#F5FFFA;"
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* How to: [[Wikipedia:How to edit a page|edit a page]] • [[Wikipedia:Images|upload and use images]]
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! <div style="margin: 0; background:#084080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #CEF2E0; text-align:left; color:#FFC000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;">Getting help</div>
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|-
| style="color:#000"|
* [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|Neutral point of view]] • [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|Reliable sources]]
* [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|Verifiability]] • [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|Citing sources]] • [[Wikipedia:No original research|No original research]]
* [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not|What Wikipedia is not]] • [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons|Biographies of living persons]]
<hr />
* [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]] • [[Wikipedia:Three-revert rule|Three-revert rule]] • [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|Sock puppetry]]
* [[Wikipedia:Copyrights|Copyrights]] • [[Wikipedia:Fair use|Fair use]] • [[Wikipedia:Image use policy|Image use policy]]
* [[Wikipedia:External links|External links]] • [[Wikipedia:Spam|Spam]] • [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|Vandalism]]
* [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]] • [[Wikipedia:Conflict of interest|Conflict of interest]] • [[Wikipedia:Notability|Notability]]
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|-
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* [[Wikipedia:Consensus|Build consensus]] • [[Wikipedia:Resolving disputes|Resolve disputes]]
* [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|Assume good faith]] • [[Wikipedia:Civility|Civility]] • [[Wikipedia:Etiquette|Etiquette]]
* [[Wikipedia:No personal attacks|No personal attacks]] • [[Wikipedia:No legal threats|No legal threats]]
<hr />
* [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|Community Portal]] • [[Wikipedia:Village pump|Village pump]]
* [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Signpost]] • [[Wikipedia:IRC channels|IRC channels]] • [[Wikipedia:Mailing lists|Mailing lists]]
|-
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|-
|style="color:#000"|
* [[Wikipedia:Be bold in updating pages|Be bold in editing]] • [[Wikipedia:Article development|Develop an article]]
* [[Wikipedia:The perfect article|The "''perfect''" article]] • [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of style]]
* [[Wikipedia:Stub|Stubs]] • [[Wikipedia:Categorization|Categories]] • [[Wikipedia:Disambiguation|Disambiguation]]
* [[Wikipedia:Pages needing attention|Pages needing attention]] • [[Wikipedia:Peer review|Peer review]]
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|-
|style="color:#000"|
* [[Wikipedia:Username policy|User name]] • [[Wikipedia:User page|User pages]] • [[Help:Talk page|Talk pages]]
* Clean up: [[Wikipedia:Cleanup|General]] - [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam|Spam]] - [[Wikipedia:Cleaning up vandalism|Vandalism]]
* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject|Join a WikiProject]] • [[Wikipedia:Translation|Translation]]
* [[Wikipedia:Template messages|Useful templates]] • [[Wikipedia:Tools|Tools]] • [[Wikipedia:WikiProject User scripts|User scripts]]
|-
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