William Peverel: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Norman knight granted lands in central England following the Norman Conquest}} |
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{{About|the Norman knight known properly as William Peverel the Elder|his son|William Peverel the Younger}} |
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'''William Peverell''' ({{circa}} 1040 – c. 1115, [[List of Latinised names|Latinised]] to '''William Piperellus'''), was a [[Normans|Norman]] [[knight]]. Although he is not one of the fifteen proven [[Companions of William the Conqueror]], he probably fought at the [[Battle of Hastings]], and is listed in the [[Battle Abbey Roll]] of dubious origin. |
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{{Use British English|date=June 2020}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} |
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'''William Peverel''' († 28. January 1114), [[List of Latinised names|Latinised]] to '''Gulielmus Piperellus'''), was a [[Normans|Norman]] [[knight]] granted lands in England following the [[Norman conquest of England|Norman Conquest]]. |
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==Origins== |
==Origins== |
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Little is known of the origin of the William Peverel the Elder. Of his immediate family, only the name of a brother, Robert, is known.<ref name="CP">''[[The Complete Peerage]]'', Vol IV, App. I, pp 761–770, "Peverel Family". This also dismisses the Tudor-era genealogical invention that made him illegitimate son of [[William the Conqueror]] (after William Camden, Britain or a chorographicall description... (1637) p.550-551)</ref> [[James Planché|J. R. Planché]] derives the surname from the Latin ''puerulus'', the diminutive form of ''puer'' (a boy), thus "a small boy", or from the Latin noun ''piper'', meaning "pepper".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://patp.us/genealogy/conq/peverel.aspx |title=Pat Patterson's Pages |website=patp.us |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070801114559/http://patp.us/genealogy/conq/peverel.aspx |archive-date=2007-08-01}}</ref> |
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William Peverell the Elder was allegedly the illegitimate son of [[William the Conqueror]]{{Dubious|reason=William, aged about twelve?|date=November 2013}} by a [[Anglo-Saxons|Saxon]] princess named Maud Ingelrica (daughter of the noble [[Ingelric]]),<ref>A Genealogical Companion and Key to the History of England Consisting of Copious Genealogical Details of the British Sovereigns, p. 62, by George Fisher of Swaffham, Norfolk, pub. 1832 by Simkin & Marshall, which states: "A Natural Son of William I: William de Peverel, begotten on Maud, daughter to Ingelric, a noble Saxon, one of the most celebrated beauties of the age, who afterwards marrying Ranulph de Peverel, that surname was attached to the son of the Conqueror." (https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=H78IAQAAMAAJ&rdid=book-H78IAQAAMAAJ&rdot=1)</ref> although this cannot be supported by historical records.<ref>See, e.g., ''[[The Complete Peerage]]'', Vol IV, App. I, pp 761–770, "Peverel Family"</ref> Maud Ingelrica was later married to [[Ranulph Peverell]], from whom William took his surname. Beryl Platts suggested that the Peverel family in [[Normandy]] derive in fact from [[County of Flanders|Flanders]].<ref>A history of [[Langar Hall]] (http://www.baronage.co.uk/langar/langar-1.html)</ref> Maud and Ranulph's known legitimate son, Ranulph Peverel, was almost as well favoured by the king as was his uterine brother William Peverel and was granted 64 manors in Nottingham, although these were forfeited by his family to King [[Henry II of England|Henry II]] for their support of King [[Stephen of England|Stephen]] against the [[Empress Matilda]]. The [[English feudal barony|baronial]] family of Peverel descends from Ranulph Peverel, not from William Peverel. |
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==Etymology== |
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There exist two possible etymological explanations of the surname Peverell. [[James Planché|J.R. Planché]] sources it from the Latin ''puerulus'', the diminutive form of ''puer'' (a boy), thus "a small boy", or from the Latin noun ''piper'', meaning "pepper". |
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===''Puerulus''=== |
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[[James Planché|J.R. Planché]] derives the name as follows:<ref>http://patp.us/genealogy/conq/peverel.aspx</ref> "The name of Peverel ... was not derived from a [[fee (feudal tenure)|fief]] or a locality ... the name was Peverell or Piperell, and in Domesday we find it continually spelt ''Piperellus'' (as in) ''Terra Ranulphi Pipperelli'' (i.e. "The lands of Ralph Pipperellus"). This, however, does not illustrate its derivation, and the detestable practice of [[List of Latinised names|Latinising]] proper names only tends to confuse and mislead us, as they become in turn translated or corrupted till the original is either lost or rendered hopelessly inexplicable. It may be that like ''Mesquin'' lesser, or junior, translated into ''Mischinus'', and distorted into ''de Micenis'', "Peverel" is the Norman form of ''Peuerellus'', as we find it written in the Anglo-Norman Pipe and Plea Rolls. The "u" being pronounced "v" in Normandy, and ''Peuerellus'' being simply a misspelling of the Latin ''Puerulus'', a boy or child, naturally applied to the son to distinguish him from his father. William Peverel was therefore, literally, "boy-" or "child-William". We see in the instance of the descendants of Richard d'Avranches how ''Mesquin'', used to distinguish a younger son, became the name of a family, and so it may have been with Peverel, which, originally applied to William, was afterwards borne by so many of his relations in England." |
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===''Piper''=== |
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The Norman name ''Peverel'' was commonly [[List of Latinised names|Latinised]] by mediaeval scribes as ''Piperellus'', apparently derived from the diminutive of the Latin noun ''piper'', meaning "pepper",<ref>Cassell's Latin Dictionary</ref> thus "little pepper". Derived from the Latin word ''pǐpĕr'' is the Old-Norman French word ''peivre'' in, in modern French ''poivre'',<ref>Larousse Dictionnaire de la Langue Francaise</ref> meaning "pepper". In slang the meaning then as now was "angry, irascible, aggressive, atrabilarious, angry, fulminant, furious, fractious, anxious, irritable, stormy, touchy", which produced such ancient surnames as ''Peiverel, Pevrel'' and ''Peivrel''. In French, this may give ''Poivret'' and ''Poivrot''). (See also [[Placenames]]) |
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==Lands held in England== |
==Lands held in England== |
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William Peverel was a favourite of William the |
William Peverel was a favourite of [[William the Conqueror]]. He was greatly honoured after the [[Norman Conquest]], and received as his reward over a hundred [[Manorialism|manor]]s in central England from the king. In 1086, the [[Domesday Book]] records William as holding the substantial number of 162 manors, forming collectively the ''[[Honour (feudal barony)|Honour]] of [[Honour of Peverel|Peverel]]'', in [[Nottinghamshire]] and [[Derbyshire]], including [[Nottingham Castle]].<ref>A description of holdings in Derbyshire, from the Domesday Book (http://www.infokey.com/Domesday/Derbyshire.htm). A local history of Duston, Northampton (http://www.duston.org.uk/peverel.htm).</ref> He also built [[Peveril Castle]], Castleton, Derbyshire. William Peverel is amongst the people explicitly recorded in the [[Domesday Book]] as having built castles.<ref>{{harvnb|Harfield|1991|p=391}}</ref> |
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William married Adelina of Lancaster, who bore him a daughter Adeliza (or Adelaide) (b.1075), and a son, [[William Peverel the Younger]], born circa 1080, following the death of whose first wife married secondly Avice de Lancaster, daughter of [[Roger of Poitou]], [[Earl of Lancaster]]. |
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He is considered first [[Sheriff of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and the Royal Forests]] |
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==Place names== |
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The Peverell name was otherwise spelled "Peverel", and it appears in both forms in modern town names across England, for example [[Peverell]], [[Sampford Peverell]], [[Hatfield Peverel]], etc. |
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The name is also known in the [[Isle of Man]] as "Peveril", e.g. Peveril Avenue / Road / Terrace, Peel, and Peveril Hotel / Buildings / Road / Square / Street / Street Lane / Terrace, in Douglas. This association derives from Sir [[Walter Scott]]'s novel "[[Peveril of the Peak]]" (1822) which features the character Fenella (Manx Gaelic female name meaning 'white shoulder, Irish "fionnghuala"), as part of the story centres around Peel Castle, Peel, Isle of Man. The names "Peveril" and "Fenella" have also been used on freight and passenger steamers of the Isle of Man Steam Packet Co. Ltd. (George Broderick, Mannheim). In addition the IOMRLy Company names a number of its locomotives after characters from the novel such as No8 Fenella, No6 Peveril (various sources including Boyd, Preston & Powell Hendry). |
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William married Adeline, who bore him four children: two sons both named William, one dying childless, the other often called [[William Peverel the Younger]], and two daughters, Maud and Adeliza, who married [[Richard de Redvers]].<ref name="CP" /> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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;Bibliography |
;Bibliography |
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{{refbegin}} |
{{refbegin}} |
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*{{citation |last=Harfield |first=C. G. |title=A Hand-list of Castles Recorded in the Domesday Book |journal=English Historical Review |volume=106 |year=1991 |pages=371–392 |jstor=573107 |doi=10.1093/ehr/CVI.CCCCXIX.371}} |
*{{citation |last=Harfield |first=C. G. |title=A Hand-list of Castles Recorded in the Domesday Book |journal=English Historical Review |volume=106 |year=1991 |issue=419 |pages=371–392 |jstor=573107 |doi=10.1093/ehr/CVI.CCCCXIX.371}} |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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| NAME = Peverel, William |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Norman knight |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = |
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| DATE OF DEATH = |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Peverel, William}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Peverel, William}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1040s births]] |
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[[Category:1110s deaths]] |
[[Category:1110s deaths]] |
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[[Category:Anglo-Normans]] |
[[Category:Anglo-Normans]] |
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[[Category:Normans]] |
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[[Category:People from Derbyshire]] |
[[Category:People from Derbyshire]] |
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Latest revision as of 01:03, 15 October 2022
William Peverel († 28. January 1114), Latinised to Gulielmus Piperellus), was a Norman knight granted lands in England following the Norman Conquest.
Origins
[edit]Little is known of the origin of the William Peverel the Elder. Of his immediate family, only the name of a brother, Robert, is known.[1] J. R. Planché derives the surname from the Latin puerulus, the diminutive form of puer (a boy), thus "a small boy", or from the Latin noun piper, meaning "pepper".[2]
Lands held in England
[edit]William Peverel was a favourite of William the Conqueror. He was greatly honoured after the Norman Conquest, and received as his reward over a hundred manors in central England from the king. In 1086, the Domesday Book records William as holding the substantial number of 162 manors, forming collectively the Honour of Peverel, in Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire, including Nottingham Castle.[3] He also built Peveril Castle, Castleton, Derbyshire. William Peverel is amongst the people explicitly recorded in the Domesday Book as having built castles.[4]
He is considered first Sheriff of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and the Royal Forests
Marriage and children
[edit]William married Adeline, who bore him four children: two sons both named William, one dying childless, the other often called William Peverel the Younger, and two daughters, Maud and Adeliza, who married Richard de Redvers.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b The Complete Peerage, Vol IV, App. I, pp 761–770, "Peverel Family". This also dismisses the Tudor-era genealogical invention that made him illegitimate son of William the Conqueror (after William Camden, Britain or a chorographicall description... (1637) p.550-551)
- ^ "Pat Patterson's Pages". patp.us. Archived from the original on 1 August 2007.
- ^ A description of holdings in Derbyshire, from the Domesday Book (http://www.infokey.com/Domesday/Derbyshire.htm). A local history of Duston, Northampton (http://www.duston.org.uk/peverel.htm).
- ^ Harfield 1991, p. 391
- Bibliography
- Harfield, C. G. (1991), "A Hand-list of Castles Recorded in the Domesday Book", English Historical Review, 106 (419): 371–392, doi:10.1093/ehr/CVI.CCCCXIX.371, JSTOR 573107