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{{short description|American physician (1899–1966)}}
{{distinguish|William Meninger}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| birth_name = William Claire Menninger
| birth_name = William Claire Menninger
| image = William_Claire_Menninger.jpg
| image = William_Claire_Menninger.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1899|10|15|mf=y}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1899|10|15|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Topeka, Kansas]], United States
| birth_place = [[Topeka, Kansas]], U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|1966|9|6|1899|10|15}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1966|9|6|1899|10|15}}
| death_place = Topeka, Kansas, United States
| death_place = Topeka, Kansas, U.S.
| death_cause =
| death_cause =
| other_names =
| other_names =
| known_for =
| known_for =
| occupation = Psychiatrist
| occupation = Psychiatrist
|spouse = Catharine Louisa Wright
| spouse = Catharine Louisa Wright
|children = [[Roy W. Menninger|Roy Wright Menninger]]<br/>Philip Bratton Menninger<br/>[[W. Walter Menninger|William Walter Menninger]]
| children = [[Roy W. Menninger|Roy Wright Menninger]]<br />Philip Bratton Menninger<br />[[W. Walter Menninger|William Walter Menninger]]
|parents = Charles Frederick Menninger<br/>Florence Vesta Menninger
| parents = Charles Frederick Menninger<br />Florence Vesta Menninger
|relatives = [[Karl Menninger]] (brother)<br/>Edwin Arnold Menninger (brother)<br/>Ann Gottesman (grand-niece)
| relatives = [[Karl Menninger]] (brother)
}}
}}
'''William Claire Menninger''' (October 15, 1899 &ndash; September 6, 1966) was a co-founder with his brother [[Karl Menninger|Karl]] and his father of The [[Menninger Foundation]] in [[Topeka, Kansas]], which is an internationally known center for treatment of behavioral disorders.
'''William Claire Menninger''' (October 15, 1899 – September 6, 1966) was a co-founder with his brother [[Karl Menninger|Karl]] and his father of The [[Menninger Foundation]] in [[Topeka, Kansas]], an internationally known center for treatment of behavioral disorders.


==early life and education==
==Life and career==
===Early life and education===
Menninger was born in [[Topeka, Kansas]], the son of . his older brother was karl. He graduated from [[Washburn University]] in 1919 and followed his father and brother into medicine. he studied at the [[Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University|Cornell University College of Medicine]] in new york state, graduating in 1924.
Menninger was born on October 15, 1899, in [[Topeka, Kansas]], the son of Florence Vesta (Kinsley) and [[Charles Frederick Menninger]].<ref name=KHSWilliam>{{cite web |url=http://www.kshs.org/camp/units/view/224188 |title= William Claire Menninger |last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher=Kansas Historical Society |access-date=July 6, 2015 |quote=William Claire Menninger was born on October 15, 1899, at Topeka, Kansas, to Dr. C. F. Menninger and Flo Knisely Menninger.}}</ref><ref name="karl">[http://articles.kwch.com/2011-09-28/father-and-brother_30215166 "Karl Menninger"], from the Kansas Historical Society, at KWCH, September 28, 2011, accessed August 21, 2014</ref> He had two older brothers: [[Karl Menninger|Karl]] and Edwin. Menninger graduated from [[Washburn University]] in 1919 and went on to follow his father and brother into medicine. In 1924 he graduated from the [[Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University|Cornell University College of Medicine]] in New York State.<ref name=Friedman>{{cite book |last=Friedman |first=Lawrence J. |date=1990 |title=Menninger: The Family and the Clinic |location=New York |publisher=Knopf |pages=12–15 |oclc=636005188 }}</ref> After completing a two-year internship at [[Bellevue Hospital Center|Bellevue Hospital]], he studied [[psychiatry]] at [[St. Elizabeths Hospital]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], in 1927.


===Marriage and family===
He married Catherine Wright on December 11, 1925. After completing a two-year internship at [[Bellevue Hospital Center|Bellevue Hospital]], he studied [[psychiatry]] at [[St. Elizabeths Hospital]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] in 1927.
Menninger married Catherine Wright on December 11, 1925. They had three sons together: [[Roy W. Menninger]], Philip B. Menninger, and [[W. Walter Menninger]]. They later each became active in the Boy Scouts, reaching the rank of [[Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)|Eagle Scouts]], and each receiving the [[Distinguished Eagle Scout Award]].


==Psychiatry==
===Psychiatry===
That same year, Menninger returned to Topeka and joined his father and older brother, Karl, in their medical practice, which by that time had already begun to specialize in psychiatry. With his contributions, the [[Menninger Clinic]] evolved into the Menninger Sanitarium, and eventually into the Menninger Foundation. this non-profit organization provided not only clinical services to in- and out-patients, but also engaged in research, education, and social outreach.
In 1927 Menninger returned to Topeka, where he joined his father and brother Karl in their medical practice. By that time, they had already begun to specialize in psychiatry, a relatively new field in the United States. With his contributions, the [[Menninger Clinic]] evolved into the Menninger Sanitarium. Together they developed the Menninger Foundation. This non-profit organization has provided clinical services to both in- and out-patients, and engages in research, education, and social outreach.


Menninger was an early innovator and advocate for the use of [[bibliotherapy]] in treating mental illness. Along with his brother Karl, Menninger utilized bibliotherapy at the Menninger Clinic. Following the success of Karl's book, ''The Human Mind'', Menninger presented a paper to the American Psychiatric Association in 1937.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rubin |first=R.J. |date=1978 |title=Bibliotherapy: A guide to theory and practice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8chrAAAAMAAJ |location=Phoenix |publisher=Oryx Press |page=25 |isbn=9780720108040}}</ref>
==Boy Scouts==
⚫
Menninger was involved with the [[Boy Scouts of America]]'s [[Sea Scouts (Boy Scouts of America)|Sea Scouts]] program in the 1930s. He was skipper of the ''S.S.S. Kansan'', which was the National Flagship for 1931 and 1933. The skipper's manual he wrote for the Kansas Sea Scouts was later used as the basis for the BSA's published ''Handbook for Skippers''. He was also a member of the National Sea Scout Committee during this time. All three of his sons, [[Roy W. Menninger]], Philip B. Menninger, and [[W. Walter Menninger]] are [[Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)|Eagle Scouts]] and received the [[Distinguished Eagle Scout Award]].


==Second World War==
===Boy Scouts===
⚫
Menninger was involved with the [[Boy Scouts of America]]'s [[Sea Scouts (Boy Scouts of America)|Sea Scouts]] program in the 1930s. He was skipper of the S.S.S. ''Kansan'', which was the National Flagship for 1931 and 1933. The skipper's manual which he wrote for the Kansas Sea Scouts was later used as the basis for the BSA's ''Handbook for Skippers''. Menninger was also a member of the National Sea Scout Committee during this time. Each of his three sons later became active in the Scouts, attaining the rank of Eagle Scout.
⚫
At the outset of [[World War II]], he left the Menninger Foundation to become the Director of the Psychiatry Consultants Division in the office of the [[Surgeon General of the United States Army]]. He chaired the committee which produced document ''Medical 203'', a major revision of existing US [[classification of mental disorders]]. It was adopted by all the armed services.


===Second World War===
⚫
following the war, this document had a substantial influence on the first mental disorders section of the [[International Statistical Classification of Diseases]] published in 1949 and, even more so, on the first ''[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]]'' published in 1952.<ref name="Houts2000">Houts, A.C. (2000) [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/72506618/abstract Fifty years of psychiatric nomenclature: Reflections on the 1943 War Department Technical Bulletin, Medical 203.] ''Journal of Clinical Psychology,'' 56 (7), Pages 935 - 967</ref> Menninger attained the rank of [[Brigadier General]] (O-7) in the U.S. Army.
⚫
At the outset of [[World War II]], Menninger left the family foundation for an appointment as the director of the Psychiatry Consultants Division in the office of the [[Surgeon General of the United States Army]]. He chaired the committee which produced document ''Medical 203'', a major revision of existing US [[classification of mental disorders]]. It was adopted by all the armed services.


⚫
Following the war, this document strongly influenced the first mental disorders section of the [[International Statistical Classification of Diseases]] published in 1949. Its influence could be seen even more on the first ''[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]],'' published in 1952.<ref name="Houts2000">Houts, A.C. (2000) [https://archive.today/20130105054908/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/72506618/abstract "Fifty years of psychiatric nomenclature: Reflections on the 1943 War Department Technical Bulletin, Medical 203"], ''Journal of Clinical Psychology,'' 56 (7), 935–967</ref> Menninger attained the rank of [[brigadier general]] (O-7) in the U.S. Army.
==Secondary literature==
⚫
*Rebecca Jo Plant, "William Menninger and American psychoanalysis, 1946–48", ''History of Psychiatry'', Vol. 16, No. 2, 181-202 (2005)

==See also==
⚫
{{Portal|Scouting}}
* [[Karl Menninger]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Sources==
⚫
* Rebecca Jo Plant, "William Menninger and American psychoanalysis, 1946–48", ''History of Psychiatry'', Vol. 16, No. 2, 181–202 (2005)


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.kshs.org/camp/units/search/?&keywords=William%20C.%20Menninger] William C Menninger] In the Menninger Family Archives from Kansas State Historical Society.
* [http://www.kshs.org/camp/units/search/?&keywords=William%20C.%20Menninger William C Menninger] In the Menninger Family Archives from Kansas State Historical Society.
*[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/72506614/abstract Reproduction of 1943 War Department Technical Bulletin: Medical 203] from the Journal of Clinical Psychology. Original reproduction in the journal (JCLP, 1946) was "by courtesy of Brigadier General William C. Menninger, Office of the Surgeon General, Army Service Forces, Washington, D.C."
* [https://archive.today/20130105113436/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/72506614/abstract Reproduction of 1943 War Department Technical Bulletin: Medical 203] from the Journal of Clinical Psychology. Original reproduction in the journal (JCLP, 1946) was "by courtesy of Brigadier General William C. Menninger, Office of the Surgeon General, Army Service Forces, Washington, D.C."


⚫
{{Portal bar|Biography|Scouting|Medicine}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=5463619}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Menninger, William C.
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American psychiatrist
| DATE OF BIRTH = October 15, 1899
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Topeka, Kansas]], United States
| DATE OF DEATH = September 6, 1966
| PLACE OF DEATH = Topeka, Kansas, United States
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Menninger, William C.}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Menninger, William C.}}
[[Category:1899 births]]
[[Category:1899 births]]
[[Category:1966 deaths]]
[[Category:1966 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Topeka, Kansas]]
[[Category:Writers from Topeka, Kansas]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Kansas]]
[[Category:Washburn University alumni]]
[[Category:Washburn University alumni]]
[[Category:Cornell University alumni]]
[[Category:Weill Cornell Medical College alumni]]
[[Category:American psychiatrists]]
[[Category:American psychiatrists]]
[[Category:History of psychiatry]]
[[Category:History of psychiatry]]
[[Category:Military psychiatrists]]
[[Category:Military psychiatrists]]
[[Category:Analysands of Franz Alexander]]
[[Category:Analysands of Franz Alexander]]
[[Category:Bibliotherapy]]
[[Category:Physicians from Kansas]]
[[Category:20th-century American physicians]]

Latest revision as of 00:17, 2 August 2023

Not to be confused with William Meninger.

William C. Menninger
Born
William Claire Menninger

(1899-10-15)October 15, 1899
Topeka, Kansas, U.S.
DiedSeptember 6, 1966(1966-09-06) (aged 66)
Topeka, Kansas, U.S.
OccupationPsychiatrist
SpouseCatharine Louisa Wright
ChildrenRoy Wright Menninger
Philip Bratton Menninger
William Walter Menninger
Parent(s)Charles Frederick Menninger
Florence Vesta Menninger
RelativesKarl Menninger (brother)

William Claire Menninger (October 15, 1899 – September 6, 1966) was a co-founder with his brother Karl and his father of The Menninger Foundation in Topeka, Kansas, an internationally known center for treatment of behavioral disorders.

Life and career

[edit]

Early life and education

[edit]

Menninger was born on October 15, 1899, in Topeka, Kansas, the son of Florence Vesta (Kinsley) and Charles Frederick Menninger.[1][2] He had two older brothers: Karl and Edwin. Menninger graduated from Washburn University in 1919 and went on to follow his father and brother into medicine. In 1924 he graduated from the Cornell University College of Medicine in New York State.[3] After completing a two-year internship at Bellevue Hospital, he studied psychiatry at St. Elizabeths Hospital in Washington, D.C., in 1927.

Marriage and family

[edit]

Menninger married Catherine Wright on December 11, 1925. They had three sons together: Roy W. Menninger, Philip B. Menninger, and W. Walter Menninger. They later each became active in the Boy Scouts, reaching the rank of Eagle Scouts, and each receiving the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award.

Psychiatry

[edit]

In 1927 Menninger returned to Topeka, where he joined his father and brother Karl in their medical practice. By that time, they had already begun to specialize in psychiatry, a relatively new field in the United States. With his contributions, the Menninger Clinic evolved into the Menninger Sanitarium. Together they developed the Menninger Foundation. This non-profit organization has provided clinical services to both in- and out-patients, and engages in research, education, and social outreach.

Menninger was an early innovator and advocate for the use of bibliotherapy in treating mental illness. Along with his brother Karl, Menninger utilized bibliotherapy at the Menninger Clinic. Following the success of Karl's book, The Human Mind, Menninger presented a paper to the American Psychiatric Association in 1937.[4]

Boy Scouts

[edit]

Menninger was involved with the Boy Scouts of America's Sea Scouts program in the 1930s. He was skipper of the S.S.S. Kansan, which was the National Flagship for 1931 and 1933. The skipper's manual which he wrote for the Kansas Sea Scouts was later used as the basis for the BSA's Handbook for Skippers. Menninger was also a member of the National Sea Scout Committee during this time. Each of his three sons later became active in the Scouts, attaining the rank of Eagle Scout.

Second World War

[edit]

At the outset of World War II, Menninger left the family foundation for an appointment as the director of the Psychiatry Consultants Division in the office of the Surgeon General of the United States Army. He chaired the committee which produced document Medical 203, a major revision of existing US classification of mental disorders. It was adopted by all the armed services.

Following the war, this document strongly influenced the first mental disorders section of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases published in 1949. Its influence could be seen even more on the first Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published in 1952.[5] Menninger attained the rank of brigadier general (O-7) in the U.S. Army.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "William Claire Menninger". Kansas Historical Society. Retrieved July 6, 2015. William Claire Menninger was born on October 15, 1899, at Topeka, Kansas, to Dr. C. F. Menninger and Flo Knisely Menninger.
  2. ^ "Karl Menninger", from the Kansas Historical Society, at KWCH, September 28, 2011, accessed August 21, 2014
  3. ^ Friedman, Lawrence J. (1990). Menninger: The Family and the Clinic. New York: Knopf. pp. 12–15. OCLC 636005188.
  4. ^ Rubin, R.J. (1978). Bibliotherapy: A guide to theory and practice. Phoenix: Oryx Press. p. 25. ISBN 9780720108040.
  5. ^ Houts, A.C. (2000) "Fifty years of psychiatric nomenclature: Reflections on the 1943 War Department Technical Bulletin, Medical 203", Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56 (7), 935–967

Sources

[edit]
  • Rebecca Jo Plant, "William Menninger and American psychoanalysis, 1946–48", History of Psychiatry, Vol. 16, No. 2, 181–202 (2005)
[edit]
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