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AS Val and VSS Vintorez

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+#REDIRECT [[AS Val and VSS Vintorez]]
-{{More citations needed|date=January 2009}}
-{{Infobox weapon
-| name = VSS Vintorez
-| image = Vss vintorez 01.jpeg
-| image_size = 300
-| caption = with a [[PSO-1]] optic and 10-round magazine
-| origin = [[Soviet Union]]
-| type = [[Sniper rifle]]<ref name="vss" />
-| is_ranged = yes
-<!-- Service history -->
-| service = 1987–present
-| used_by = see ''[[#Users]]''
-| wars = [[First Chechen War]]<br />[[Second Chechen War]]<br />[[2008 South Ossetia war]]<br />[[Insurgency in the North Caucasus]]<br />[[Syrian Civil war]]<br />[[War in Donbass]]<br />[[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
-<!-- Production history -->
-| designer = [[TsNIITochMash]]<br />Pyotr Serdyukov and Vladimir Krasnikov
-| design_date = 1983
-| manufacturer = [[Tula Arms Plant]]
-| production_date = 1987–present
-| number =
-| variants = see ''[[Variants]]''
-<!-- General specifications -->
-| weight = {{convert|2.6|kg|lb|2|abbr=on}}
-| length = {{convert|894|mm|in|abbr=on}}
-| part_length = {{convert|200|mm|abbr=on|1}}
-<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
-| cartridge = [[9x39mm]]
-| action = [[Gas-operated reloading|Gas-operated]],  [[Closed bolt|closed]] [[rotating bolt]]
-| rate = 900–960 rounds/min<ref name="SAR-VSS" />
-| velocity = {{convert|282 - 292|m/s|0|abbr=on}}
-| range = 300 m
-| max_range = 400 m
-| feed = 10-, 20-, 30-round detachable box magazine
-| sights = [[Iron Sights|Open sights]]: Rear notch on tangent (graduated from 100 to 400 m) and front post mounted to suppressor housing<br />[[Dovetail rail#Side mounted scope rail|"Warsaw Pact Rail"]] for optics
-}}
-The '''VSS "Vintorez"''', (Russian: '''ВСС «Винторе́з»'''; Винто́вка Сна́йперская Специа́льная, <small>[[Romanization of Russian|romanized:]]</small> ''Vintóvka Snáyperskaya Spetsiálnaya «Vintorez»'', <small>[[Literal translation|lit.]]</small> 'Special Sniper Rifle' «Thread Cutter»), [[GRAU]] index ('''6P29''')<ref name="vss">{{Cite web |title=9 mm special sniper rifle VSS {{!}} Catalog Rosoboronexport |url=http://roe.ru/eng/catalog/Security%20systems/Counterterrorist%20assets/Sniper%20rifles/VSS/ |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=roe.ru}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=VSS special sniper rifle |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6m50N5bc_BE |access-date=2023-05-19 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jones |first=Richard D. |url=http://archive.org/details/janesgunsrecogni0000jone |title=Jane's guns recognition guide |date=2008 |publisher=New York : Collins |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-06-137408-1}}</ref> is a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]-designed integrally suppressed [[sniper rifle]].
-The VSS "Vintorez" was designed in 1983,<ref>https://en.kalashnikovgroup.ru/news/vintorez-35-years-in-service</ref> based on the prototype RG-036 completed in 1981 by [[TsNIITochMash]].<ref>{{Citation |title=AS Val, VSS Vintorez, OTs-14 Groza, and more: 9x39mm with Max Popenker |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkprsBoImRg |access-date=2023-05-07 |language=en}}</ref> It features an integral [[suppressor]], and shares about 70% of interchangeable parts with the AS "Val".<ref name="SAR-VSS">{{Cite web |date=2009-12-01 |title=THE ELUSIVE VSS "VINTOREZ" 9X39 SNIPER RIFLE - Small Arms Review |url=https://smallarmsreview.com/the-elusive-vss-vintorez-9x39-sniper-rifle/ |access-date=2023-08-19 |language=en-US}}</ref>
-==Design==
-The VSS Vintorez is integrally [[Suppressor|suppressed]] and chambered in [[9×39mm]], a [[Subsonic ammunition|subsonic]] cartridge, in order to reduce its report and was designed alongside the [[AS Val]]. Four rows of nine holes are drilled in the barrel which follow the [[rifling]] and allow gas to escape the barrel behind the projectile into the suppressor. The suppressor effectively hides [[muzzle flash]] and reduces the [[Muzzle blast|muzzle report]] of the firearm to 130&nbsp;dB.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Описание АС "Вал"|url=http://modernfirearms.net/assault/as10-r.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228115721/http://world.guns.ru/assault/as10-r.htm|archive-date=2009-02-28|website=world.guns.ru}}</ref> However, there are no design features which reduce the noise of the action.
-The [[Action (firearms)|action]] is similar to that of [[AKM|AK-type rifles]] with a similar [[Gas-operated reloading#Long-stroke piston|long-stroke gas system]] with the piston located above the barrel. The Vintorez design characteristically uses a [[Recoil operation|rotating bolt with six locking lugs]] and a milled steel receiver. It accepts the same standard 10 or 20-round double-stack [[Magazine (firearms)#Box|detachable box magazines]] as the [[AS Val]], as well as the 30-round magazine of the [[SR-3 Vikhr|SR-3M]]. Its components are shared with the Vintorez excluding the [[Stock (firearms)|buttstock]]/[[pistol grip]]. Much like the [[AS Val]], the Vintorez can be disassembled to fit into a special case for transportation.
-Manipulation of the Vintorez is also similar to many other [[AKM|AK-type rifles]]: charging handle on the right side, tangent rear sight, magazine release button behind the magazine well, and safety lever above the trigger guard. The fire selector is, however, located behind the trigger within the trigger guard. The rifle also has an [[Dovetail rail#Side mounted scope rail|"AK-type" Warsaw Pact rail]] for various optical sights, namely the [[PSO-1|PSO-1-1, PSO-1M2-1]], and [[1PN51|1-PN-51]]<ref name="1PN512">{{cite book|url=http://www.ak-info.ru/devices/nspu3/nspu3_manual.zip|title=ИЗДЕЛИЕ 1ПН51 ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЕ ОПИСАНИЕ И ИНСТРУКЦИЯ ПО ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ|date=January 1992|page=11|language=ru|trans-title=Product 1PN51 technical description and operating instructions|format=zip|id=АЛ3.812.076 ТО-ЛУ}}</ref> [[Sighting in|calibrated for use]] with the 9×39mm cartridge. The standard [[Iron sights#Open sights|open sights]] are graduated from 100 to 400 m in 25 m increments.
-== Variants ==
-The '''VSSM''', GRAU index (6P29M) is a modernised variant of the VSS "Vintorez". It features an aluminium buttstock with an adjustable cheek and butt pad. It has a redesigned dust cover that features a [[Picatinny rail]] on top, and a handguard extension that features Picatinny rails on 3-, 6-, 9-o'clock. Is is primarily equipped with the 1P86 optic. The mounts which shroud the suppressor can be removed.<ref name="ASM and VSSM" /> Deliveries began in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/1001/122548950/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / Новости / Олег Салюков в интервью «МК»: в этом году соединения и воинские части СВ получат более 2500 новых основных образцов ВВСТ|website=armstrade.org}}</ref>
-==Users==
-[[File:Victory Day parade on Red Square (2490-24).jpg|thumb|VSS carried by [[Russian Airborne Troops]] during the [[2014 Moscow Victory Day Parade]]]]
-* {{flag|Armenia}}: a small quantity of weapons were received from Russia among other arms before 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Как обеспечивается баланс сил в Закавказье|url=https://vestikavkaza.ru/articles/Kak-obespechivaetsya-balans-sil-v-Zakavkaze.html|access-date=2021-05-15|website=vestikavkaza.ru|language=ru-RU}}</ref>
-* {{flag|Belarus}}: Used by various [[special forces]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ствол, с которым идут в разведку {{!}} Еженедельник "Военно-промышленный курьер"|url=https://vpk-news.ru/articles/21835|access-date=2021-05-15|website=vpk-news.ru}}</ref>
-*{{IND}}: Used by [[MARCOS]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/elite-special-forces-of-army-iaf-navy-get-major-weapons-upgrade/articleshow/65046489.cms|title=Elite special forces of Army, IAF, Navy get major weapons upgrade {{!}} India News – Times of India|last=P|first=Rajat|date=19 July 2019|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=18 July 2019}}</ref>
-* {{flag|Syria}}: Used by Syrian army{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}
-* {{flag|Georgia}}: used by army and police [[GSOF - Georgian Special Operations Forces|special forces]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Спецподразделения Грузии|url=http://osinform.org/939-spetspodrazdelenija_gruzii.html|access-date=2021-05-15|website=АЛАНИЯинформ|language=ru}}</ref>
-* {{flag|Kazakhstan}}{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}
-* {{flag|Jordan}}: [[Joint Special Operations Command (Jordan)|Special forces only]].{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}
-* {{flag|Russia}}: Special forces,<ref>{{Cite web|title=ЦАМТО / Новости / В ВВО поступила партия модернизированных снайперских винтовок "Винторез"|url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2020/0831/101559399/detail.shtml|access-date=2021-05-15|website=armstrade.org}}</ref> [[Federal Security Service]] (FSB)<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://bratishka.ru/archiv/2005/2/2005_2_5.php |title=:                             —        "        " |website=bratishka.ru |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221065922/http://www.bratishka.ru/archiv/2005/2/2005_2_5.php |archive-date=2007-02-21}}</ref> and [[OMON]].{{sfn|Neville|2016|p=229}}
-* {{flag|Ukraine}}: Used by SBU Alpha Group.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Фотовиставка: "Служу українському народу і спецназу!" :: Товариство учасників бойових дій "Спас-Україна"|url=http://www.spas.net.ua/index.php/news/full/752|access-date=2021-05-15|website=www.spas.net.ua}}</ref>
-==Former users==
-* {{flag|Chechen Republic of Ichkeria}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Modern Snipers|series=General Military|first=Leigh |last=Neville|date= 25 Aug 2016|isbn=9781472815347|publisher=Osprey Publishing|page=190}}</ref>
-* {{flag|Soviet Union}}<ref name="auto"/>
-==See also==
-*[[AMB-17]]
-*[[AS Val]]
-*[[List of Russian weaponry]]
-*[[List of equipment of the Russian Ground Forces]]
-*[[Night Fighting Weapon System]]
-*[[OTs-14 Groza]]
-*[[VSK-94]]
-==References==
-{{Reflist}}
-==External links==
-{{Commons category|VSS Vintorez}}
-*{{cite web |url=http://www.enemyforces.net/firearms/vss.htm |title=Special Purpose Sniper Rifle VSS 'Vintorez' |website=EnemyForces.net}}
-*[http://www.tulatoz.ru/en/milvss.html Tula Arms Plant—manufacturers page] (404, [https://web.archive.org/web/20041113015348/http://www.tulatoz.ru/en/milvss.html archive])
-*[https://web.archive.org/web/20161116121829/http://world.guns.ru/sniper/sn20-e.htm/ Modern Firearms]
-{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
-{{AK47 derivatives}}
-[[Category:9×39mm firearms]]
-[[Category:Silenced firearms]]
-[[Category:Sniper rifles of the Soviet Union]]
-[[Category:Sniper rifles of Russia]]
-[[Category:Tula Arms Plant products]]
-[[Category:TsNIITochMash products]]
-[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1980s]]