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Landing platform helicopter (LPH) is a term used by some navies to denote a type of amphibious warfare ship designed primarily to operate as a launch and recovery platform for helicopters and other VTOL aircraft. As such, they are considered a type of helicopter carrier.

Under the NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) document for reporting vessels, LPH is a short form designator used for "Amphibious Assault Ship, Helicopter" defined as a "large helicopter carrier" for carrying and deploying around 1,800 assault troops using its own aircraft, but for which use of landing craft is "not a principal function". For ships of this hull classification in the Royal Navy, LPH is a direct acronym for "Landing Platform Helicopter", while the United States Navy referred to its vessels within this classification as "Landing ship, Personnel, Helicopter",^[1] and after 2006 as "amphibious assault ships". The etymology is L for amphibious, P for transport, and H for helicopter. Regardless of the terminology, all vessels classified as an LPH possess essentially similar capabilities.

The Royal Navy also used the term "Commando Carrier", which it applied to aircraft carriers converted to helicopter only operations. Prior to selling the vessel to the Brazilian Navy in 2018, the RN operated HMS Ocean as an LPH. Following the British government's decision to withdraw its Harrier aircraft at the end of 2010, the former light fleet carrier HMS Illustrious also performed this role until decommissioning in 2014.

The LPH classification was used by the U.S. Navy for the amphibious assault ships of the Iwo Jima class, a converted Casablanca-class escort carrier and three converted Essex-class aircraft carriers. No ships of this classification are currently in active service with the U.S. Navy, having been replaced with multi-purpose ships classified under NATO naming conventions as landing helicopter dock or landing helicopter assault ships.

Ships classified as LPH

Brazilian Navy

Atlântico (ex HMS Ocean (L12))

Republic of Korea Navy

Dokdo-class amphibious assault ship
- ROKS Dokdo
- ROKS Marado

Royal Navy

Royal Navy "Commando Carriers" and "Amphibious Helicopter Carriers"

HMS Ocean (R68) – 1956 only, emergency minimal conversion for Suez Crisis Colossus-class aircraft carrier - Broken up
HMS Theseus – 1956 only, emergency minimal conversion for Suez Crisis Colossus class. Placed into reserve until broken up in 1962
HMS Albion – 1962–1972, converted Centaur-class aircraft carrier - Converted to a Commando carrier in 1961/62. Decommissioned 1972 and scrapped.
HMS Bulwark – 1960–1980, converted Centaur class. Converted to an anti-submarine warfare carrier 1979. Kept in service until HMS Invincible entered service. Due to accumulated damage she was not fit for emergency use in the Falklands War and was later broken up.
HMS Hermes – 1973–1976, Centaur-class aircraft carrier converted for amphibious operations, then in 1976 as a helicopter anti-submarine warfare carrier and later still as a BAe Sea Harrier-equipped VSTOL light carrier. During the Falklands operated helicopters for both anti-submarine and troop movements Sold to the Indian Navy, as the INS Viraat.
HMS Ocean (L12)^[2] – 1998–2018 designed and built as a commando carrier based on the Invincible-class STOVL carrier hull. Decommissioned in March 2018 sold to Brazil, who renamed it Atlântico.^[3]^[4]
HMS Illustrious - 2011–2014, Invincible-class aircraft carrier equipped and re-purposed as a commando carrier while HMS Ocean was in refit.^[5] Decommissioned in 2014 and scrapped in Turkey.

United States Navy

USS Block Island – Commencement Bay-class escort carrier – Conversion to LPH cancelled^[6] -Scrapped
USS Iwo Jima – Iwo Jima-class amphibious assault ship – First ship to be designed and built from the keel up as an amphibious assault ship - Scrapped
USS Okinawa – Iwo Jima class - Sunk in SINKEX
USS Boxer – converted straight deck Essex-class aircraft carrier - Scrapped
USS Princeton – converted straight deck Essex-class aircraft carrier - Scrapped
USS Thetis Bay – converted Casablanca-class escort carrier - Scrapped
USS Guadalcanal – Iwo Jima-class - Sunk in SINKEX
USS Valley Forge – converted straight deck Essex-class aircraft carrier - Scrapped
USS Guam – Iwo Jima class - Sunk in SINKEX
USS Tripoli – Iwo Jima class – Scrapped
USS New Orleans – Iwo Jima class - Sunk in SINKEX off of the coast of Oahu, Hawaii.
USS Inchon – Iwo Jima class - Stricken from the list and sunk east of Virginia Beach, Virginia on 5 December 2004.

References

^ Friedman, Norman (2002). U.S. Amphibious Ships and Craft: An Illustrated Design History. Illustrated Design Histories. Naval Institute Press. p. 656. ISBN 1-55750-250-1.
^ HMS Ocean - History, archived from the original on 2011-09-20
^ "HMS Ocean to be decommissioned in 2018, MoD announces". BBC News. 2015-11-24. Retrieved 2017-01-04.
^ Chuter, Andrew. "Royal Navy's Helicopter Assault Carrier Ocean To Be Decommissioned". Defense News. Retrieved 2017-01-04.
^ In 2010, the entire fleet of Harrier aircraft was grounded and subsequently sold in 2011 to the USMC for replacement parts. Thereafter, Illustrious only carried helicopters as no carrier-capable combat aircraft remained in the UK inventory.
^ "World Aircraft Carriers List: US Assault Carriers". www.hazegray.org.

[Friedman2002-1] Friedman, Norman (2002). U.S. Amphibious Ships and Craft: An Illustrated Design History. Illustrated Design Histories. Naval Institute Press. p. 656. ISBN 1-55750-250-1.

[2] HMS Ocean - History, archived from the original on 2011-09-20

[3] "HMS Ocean to be decommissioned in 2018, MoD announces". BBC News. 2015-11-24. Retrieved 2017-01-04.

[4] Chuter, Andrew. "Royal Navy's Helicopter Assault Carrier Ocean To Be Decommissioned". Defense News. Retrieved 2017-01-04.

[5] In 2010, the entire fleet of Harrier aircraft was grounded and subsequently sold in 2011 to the USMC for replacement parts. Thereafter, Illustrious only carried helicopters as no carrier-capable combat aircraft remained in the UK inventory.

[6] "World Aircraft Carriers List: US Assault Carriers". www.hazegray.org.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{short description|Hull classification used by a number of the world's navies}}
-{{Refimprove|date=July 2008}}
+{{More citations needed|date=July 2008}}
+[[File:Navio-Aeródromo Multipropósito Atlântico (NAM "Atlântico") (44210493302).jpg|thumb|[[Brazilian aircraft carrier Atlântico|NAM Atlântico]]]]
-[[File:USS Iwo Jima (LPH-2) aft.jpg|thumb|{{USS|Iwo Jima|LPH-2|6}}, a former U.S. landing platform helicopter ship. Since the last one was decommissioned in 2002, the U.S. no longer uses LPH ships.]]
+'''Landing platform helicopter''' ('''LPH''') is a term used by some navies to [[hull classification symbol|denote a type]] of [[amphibious warfare ship]] designed primarily to operate as a launch and recovery platform for helicopters and other [[VTOL]] aircraft. As such, they are considered a type of [[helicopter carrier]].
+Under the NATO [[Standardization Agreement]] (STANAG) document for reporting vessels, LPH is a short form designator used for "Amphibious Assault Ship, Helicopter" defined as a "large helicopter carrier" for carrying and deploying around 1,800 assault troops using its own aircraft, but for which use of landing craft is "not a principal function". For ships of this hull classification in the [[Royal Navy]], LPH is a direct acronym for "Landing Platform Helicopter", while the [[United States Navy]] referred to its vessels within this classification as "Landing ship, Personnel, Helicopter",<ref name=Friedman2002>{{cite book|last=Friedman |first=Norman |title=U.S. Amphibious Ships and Craft: An Illustrated Design History |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=2002 |series=Illustrated Design Histories |page=656 |isbn=1-55750-250-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oWX-x0b4pw4C&pg=PA218 }}</ref> and after 2006 as "amphibious assault ships". The etymology is L for amphibious, P for transport, and H for helicopter. Regardless of the terminology, all vessels classified as an LPH possess essentially similar capabilities.
-'''Landing platform helicopter''' ('''LPH''') is a term used by some navies to [[hull classification symbol|denote a type]] of [[amphibious warfare ship]] designed primarily to operate as a launch and recovery platform for helicopters and other VTOL aircraft. As such, they are considered a type of [[helicopter carrier]].
+The Royal Navy also used the term "Commando Carrier", which it applied to aircraft carriers converted to helicopter only operations. Prior to selling the vessel to the [[Brazilian Navy]] in 2018, the RN operated {{HMS|Ocean|L12|6}} as an LPH. Following the British government's decision to withdraw its [[Harrier Jump Jet|Harrier aircraft]] at the end of 2010, the former light fleet carrier {{HMS|Illustrious|R06|6}} also performed this role until decommissioning in 2014.
-Under the NATO Standardization Agreement ([[STANAG]]) document for reporting vessels, LPH is a short form designator used for "Amphibious Assault Ship, Helicopter" defined as a "large helicopter carrier" for carrying and deploying around 1,800 assault troops using its own aircraft, but for which use of landing craft is "not a principal function". For ships of this hull classification in the Royal Navy, LPH is a direct acronym for "Landing Platform Helicopter", while the [[United States Navy]] referred to its vessels within this classification as "amphibious assault ships". The etymology is L for amphibious, P for transport, and H for helicopter. Regardless of the terminology, all vessels classified as an LPH possess essentially similar capabilities.
+The LPH classification was used by the U.S. Navy for the [[amphibious assault ship]]s of the {{Sclass|Iwo Jima|amphibious assault ship|4}}, a converted {{Sclass|Casablanca|escort carrier}} and three converted {{Sclass|Essex|aircraft carrier}}s. No ships of this classification are currently in active service with the U.S. Navy, having been replaced with multi-purpose ships classified under NATO naming conventions as [[landing helicopter dock]] or [[landing helicopter assault]] ships.
-The [[Royal Navy]] also used the term "Commando Carrier", which it applied to aircraft carriers converted to helicopter only operations. The RN now operates one vessel that it classifies as an LPH, {{HMS|Ocean|L12|6}}. Following the British government's decision to withdraw its Harrier aircraft at the end of 2010, the former light fleet carrier {{HMS|Illustrious|R06|6}} also performed this role, but has now been decommissioned.
-The LPH classification was used by the U.S. Navy for the [[amphibious assault ship]]s of the {{sclass-|Iwo Jima|amphibious assault ship|4}}, a converted {{sclass-|Casablanca|escort carrier}} and three converted {{sclass-|Essex|aircraft carrier}}s. No ships of this classification are currently in active service with the U.S. Navy, having been replaced with multi-purpose ships classified under NATO naming conventions as [[landing helicopter dock]] or [[landing helicopter assault]] ships.
 == Ships classified as LPH==
+[[File:ROKS Dokdo (LPH 6111) - Invincible Spirit.jpg|thumb|ROKS ''Dokdo'', a currently South Korean LPH.]][[File:USS_Okinawa (LPH-3) in the Persian Gulf in 1987.JPEG|thumb|{{USS|Okinawa|LPH-3|6}}, a former U.S. LPH. Since final vessel was decommissioned in 2002, the U.S. no longer uses LPH ships.]]
+=== Brazilian Navy ===
+* {{Ship|Brazilian aircraft carrier|Atlântico||2}} (ex {{HMS|Ocean|L12}})
-=== [[Royal Navy]] ===
+=== Republic of Korea Navy ===
+* {{Sclass|Dokdo|amphibious assault ship|1}}
-[[File:Apache Helicopter Takes off from HMS Ocean During Operation Ellamy MOD 45153052.jpg|thumb|right|{{HMS|Ocean|L12|6}}, a former British LPH.]]
-[[Royal Navy]] "Commando Carriers and "Amphibious Helicopter Carriers"
-* {{HMS|Ocean|R68}} – 1956 only, emergency minimal conversion for [[Suez Crisis]] {{Sclass-|Colossus|aircraft carrier|1}} - Broken up
-* {{HMS|Theseus|R64}} – 1956 only, emergency minimal conversion for Suez Crisis ''Colossus''-class aircraft carrier - Broken up
-* {{HMS|Albion|R07}} – 1962-1972, converted {{Sclass-|Centaur|aircraft carrier|1}} - Converted to a Commando carrier in 1961/62. Decommissioned 1972 and scrapped.
-* {{HMS|Bulwark|R08}} – 1960-1980, converted ''Centaur''-class aircraft carrier. Converted to an anti-submarine warfare carrier 1979. Damaged by a fire, she was not fit for emergency use in the Falklands War and was later broken up.
-* {{HMS|Hermes|R12}} – 1973-1976, converted ''Centaur''-class aircraft carrier after which she was equipped as a helicopter [[anti-submarine warfare carrier]] and later still as a [[British Aerospace Sea Harrier|Sea Harrier]] equipped VSTOL light carrier, which role continued after being sold to the Indian Navy.
-* {{HMS|Ocean|L12}}<ref>[http://royalnavy.mod.uk/operations-and-support/surface-fleet/assault-ships/hms-ocean/history/index.htm HMS Ocean - History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920083826/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/operations-and-support/surface-fleet/assault-ships/hms-ocean/history/index.htm |date=2011-09-20 }}</ref> – 1998-2018 designed and built as a commando carrier based on the ''Invincible''-class STOVL carrier hull. Decommissioned in March 2018 and awaiting transfer to Brazil.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-devon-34909649|title=HMS Ocean to be decommissioned in 2018, MoD announces|date=2015-11-24|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-01-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense-news/2015/11/27/royal-navys-helicopter-assault-carrier-ocean-decommissioned/76443520/|title=royal-navys-helicopter-assault-carrier-ocean-decommissioned|last=News|first=Defense|website=Defense News|access-date=2017-01-04}}</ref>
-* {{HMS|Illustrious|R06}} - 2011-2014, {{sclass-|Invincible|aircraft carrier|1}} equipped and re-purposed as a commando carrier while HMS ''Ocean'' was in refit.<ref>Note:  In 2010, the entire fixed wing fleet of Harriers was grounded and subsequently sold in 2011 to the USMC for replacement parts.  Thereafter, Illustrious only carried helicopters as no carrier-capable combat aircraft remained in the UK inventory.  See:  [[HMS Illustrious (R06)]]</ref> Decommissioned in 2014 and scrapped in Turkey.
-=== [[United States Navy]] ===
-[[File:USS_Okinawa_(LPH-3)_in_the_Persian_Gulf_in_1987.JPEG|thumb|{{USS|Okinawa|LPH-3|6}}, a former U.S. LPH, in the Persian Gulf.]]
-* [[USS Block Island (CVE-106)|USS ''Block Island'' (LPH-1)]] (formerly CVE-106) – {{sclass-|Commencement Bay|escort carrier|1}} – Conversion to LPH cancelled<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hazegray.org/navhist/carriers/us_assau.htm|title=World Aircraft Carriers List: US Assault Carriers|website=www.hazegray.org}}</ref> -Scrapped
-* {{USS|Iwo Jima|LPH-2}} – {{sclass-|Iwo Jima|amphibious assault ship|1}} – First ship to be designed and built from the keel up as an [[amphibious assault ship]] - Scrapped
-* {{USS|Okinawa|LPH-3}} – ''Iwo Jima'' class - Sunk in [[SINKEX]]
-* [[USS Boxer (CV-21)|USS ''Boxer'' (LPH-4)]] (ex CV-21) – Converted straight deck {{Sclass-|Essex|aircraft carrier|1}} - Scrapped
-* [[USS Princeton (CV-37)|USS '' Princeton'' (LPH-5)]] (ex CV-37) – Converted straight deck ''Essex''-class aircraft carrier - Scrapped
-* [[USS Thetis Bay (CVE-90)|USS ''Thetis Bay'' (LPH-6)]] (ex CVE-90, ex CVHA-1) – Minimal conversion of a {{sclass-|Casablanca|escort carrier|1}} - Scrapped
-* {{USS|Guadalcanal|LPH-7}} – ''Iwo Jima'' class - Sunk in SINKEX
-* [[USS Valley Forge (CV-45)|USS ''Valley Forge'' (LPH-8)]] (ex CV-45) – Converted straight deck ''Essex''-class aircraft carrier - Scrapped
-* {{USS|Guam|LPH-9}} – ''Iwo Jima'' class - Sunk in SINKEX
-* {{USS|Tripoli|LPH-10}} – ''Iwo Jima'' class – Scrapped
-* {{USS|New Orleans|LPH-11}} – ''Iwo Jima'' class - Sunk in SINKEX off of the coast of Oahu, Hawaii.
-* {{USS|Inchon|LPH-12}} – ''Iwo Jima'' class - Stricken from the list and sunk east of Virginia Beach, Virginia on 5 December 2004.
-=== [[Republic of Korea Navy]] ===
-[[File:ROKS Dokdo (LPH 6111) - Invincible Spirit.jpg|thumb|right|ROKS ''Dokdo'', a South Korean LPH.]]
-* {{sclass-|Dokdo|amphibious assault ship|1}}
 ** {{ship|ROKS|Dokdo|LPH-6111|6}}
 ** {{ship|ROKS|Marado}}
-=== [[Brazilian Navy]] ===
+=== Royal Navy ===
+[[Royal Navy]] "Commando Carriers" and "Amphibious Helicopter Carriers"
-* {{Ship|PHM|Atlântico|A-140}}
+* {{HMS|Ocean|R68}} – 1956 only, emergency minimal conversion for [[Suez Crisis]] {{Sclass|Colossus|aircraft carrier|1}} - Broken up
+* {{HMS|Theseus|R64|6}} – 1956 only, emergency minimal conversion for Suez Crisis ''Colossus'' class. Placed into reserve until broken up in 1962
+* {{HMS|Albion|R07|6}} – 1962–1972, converted {{Sclass|Centaur|aircraft carrier|1}} - Converted to a Commando carrier in 1961/62. Decommissioned 1972 and scrapped.
+* {{HMS|Bulwark|R08|6}} – 1960–1980, converted ''Centaur'' class. Converted to an anti-submarine warfare carrier 1979. Kept in service until HMS ''Invincible'' entered service. Due to accumulated damage she was not fit for emergency use in the Falklands War and was later broken up.
+* {{HMS|Hermes|R12|6}} – 1973–1976, ''Centaur''-class aircraft carrier converted for amphibious operations, then in 1976 as a helicopter [[anti-submarine warfare carrier]] and later still as a [[British Aerospace Sea Harrier|BAe Sea Harrier]]-equipped VSTOL light carrier. During the Falklands operated helicopters for both anti-submarine and troop movements Sold to the Indian Navy, as the [[INS Viraat|INS ''Viraat'']].
+* {{HMS|Ocean|L12}}<ref>{{citation |url=http://royalnavy.mod.uk/operations-and-support/surface-fleet/assault-ships/hms-ocean/history/index.htm |title=HMS Ocean - History |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920083826/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/operations-and-support/surface-fleet/assault-ships/hms-ocean/history/index.htm |archive-date=2011-09-20 }}</ref> – 1998–2018 designed and built as a commando carrier based on the ''Invincible''-class STOVL carrier hull. Decommissioned in March 2018 sold to Brazil, who renamed it {{ship|Brazilian aircraft carrier|Atlântico||2}}.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-devon-34909649|title=HMS Ocean to be decommissioned in 2018, MoD announces|date=2015-11-24|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-01-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense-news/2015/11/27/royal-navys-helicopter-assault-carrier-ocean-decommissioned/76443520/|title=Royal Navy's Helicopter Assault Carrier Ocean To Be Decommissioned |first=Andrew |last=Chuter|website=Defense News|access-date=2017-01-04}}</ref>
+* {{HMS|Illustrious|R06|6}} - 2011–2014, {{Sclass|Invincible|aircraft carrier|1}} equipped and re-purposed as a commando carrier while HMS ''Ocean'' was in refit.<ref>In 2010, the entire fleet of Harrier aircraft was grounded and subsequently sold in 2011 to the USMC for replacement parts.  Thereafter, ''Illustrious'' only carried helicopters as no carrier-capable combat aircraft remained in the UK inventory.</ref> Decommissioned in 2014 and scrapped in Turkey.
+=== United States Navy ===
-{{clear}}
+* {{USS|Block Island|CVE-106|6}} – {{Sclass|Commencement Bay|escort carrier|1}} – Conversion to LPH cancelled<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hazegray.org/navhist/carriers/us_assau.htm|title=World Aircraft Carriers List: US Assault Carriers|website=www.hazegray.org}}</ref> -Scrapped
+* {{USS|Iwo Jima|LPH-2|6}} – {{Sclass|Iwo Jima|amphibious assault ship|1}} – First ship to be designed and built from the keel up as an [[amphibious assault ship]] - Scrapped
+* {{USS|Okinawa|LPH-3|6}} – ''Iwo Jima'' class - Sunk in [[SINKEX]]
+* {{USS|Boxer|CV-21|6}} – converted straight deck {{Sclass|Essex|aircraft carrier|1}} - Scrapped
+* {{USS|Princeton|CV-37|6}} – converted straight deck ''Essex''-class aircraft carrier - Scrapped
+* {{USS|Thetis Bay}} – converted {{Sclass|Casablanca|escort carrier|1}} - Scrapped
+* {{USS|Guadalcanal|LPH-7|6}} – ''Iwo Jima''-class - Sunk in SINKEX
+* {{USS|Valley Forge|CV-45|6}} – converted straight deck ''Essex''-class aircraft carrier - Scrapped
+* {{USS|Guam|LPH-9|6}} – ''Iwo Jima'' class - Sunk in SINKEX
+* {{USS|Tripoli|LPH-10|6}} – ''Iwo Jima'' class – Scrapped
+* {{USS|New Orleans|LPH-11|6}} – ''Iwo Jima'' class - Sunk in SINKEX off of the coast of Oahu, Hawaii.
+* {{USS|Inchon}} – ''Iwo Jima'' class - Stricken from the list and sunk east of Virginia Beach, Virginia on 5 December 2004.
 == See also ==
@@ Line 55: / Line 48: @@
 * [[Helicopter carrier]]
 * [[List of amphibious warfare ships]]
+* [[List of United States Navy amphibious warfare ships#Landing Platform Helicopter (LPH)|List of United States Navy amphibious warfare ships § Landing Platform Helicopter (LPH)]]
 == References ==